加巴喷丁　　
【别名】卡巴番定 , 加巴喷丁
【外文名】Gabapentin,Neurontin
【药理毒理】Gabapentin是美国Warner-Lanbert公司首先开发的抗癫痫药，于1993年首次在英国上市。加巴喷丁是一种新颖的抗癫痫药，它是γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）的衍生物，其药理作用与现有的抗癫痫药不同，最近研究表明加巴喷丁的作用是改变GABA代谢产生的。加巴喷丁在各种动物模型中均显示预防癫痫的作用，另外，在动物痉挛、镇痛和肌萎缩性测索硬化模型中也显示作用。加巴喷丁对脑组织的新颖结合点有高的亲和性，它能通过氨基酸转移体通过体内一些屏障，同其它抗惊厥药相比，加巴喷丁具有较小的行为和心血管副作用。
【药理作用】：
加巴喷丁抗惊厥作用的机制尚不明确，但动物试验提示，与其他上市的抗惊厥药物相似，加巴喷丁可抑制癫痫发作。小鼠和大鼠最大电休克试验、苯四唑癫痫发作试验以及其他动物试验（如遗传性癫痫模型等）结果提示，加巴喷丁具有抗癫痫作用，但这些癫痫模型与人体的相关性尚不清楚。
加巴喷丁在结构上与神经递质GABA相关，但不与GABA受体产生相互作用，它既不能代谢转化为GABA或GABA激动剂，也不是GABA摄取或降解的抑制剂。放射性配体结合试验发现，加巴喷丁浓度达到100μM时，对许多常见受体位点无亲和力，包括苯二氮受体、谷氨酸受体、NMDA受体、quisqualate受体、海人草酸受体、番木鳖碱-不敏感性或-敏感性的氨基乙酸受体、α1、α2或β受体、腺苷A1或A2受体、M或N受体、多巴胺D1或D2受体、H1受体、5-羟色胺S1或S2受体、阿片μ，δ或k受体、尼群地平或地尔硫标记的电压敏感钙通道位点、蛙毒素A　20-α-苯甲酸盐标记的电压敏感的钠通道位点。由于在评价药物对NMDA受体作用的几个常用试验所得出的结果是相反，故目前尚无任何关于加巴喷丁对NMDA受体作用的统一认识。
体外研究显示加巴喷丁在大鼠脑内的结合位点分布于新皮层和海马，其高亲和力的结合蛋白被证实为电压激活钙通道的辅助亚单位，相关功能尚未阐明。
【适应症】难治的不全性癫痫。有报道，抗焦虑药加巴喷丁（gabapentin）和抗病毒药伐昔洛韦（valacyclovir）联用可减少急性带状疱疹后遗神经痛的危险。
【不良反应】包括嗜睡，眩晕，行走不稳，疲劳感。这些副作用常见于用药早期。只要从小剂量开始，缓慢地增加剂量，多数人都能耐受。儿童偶尔会急躁易怒，停药以后会消失。
【用法用量】第一次睡前服300毫克。以后每天增加30毫克，用量可以高达每天3600毫克上述剂量需分三次服用。
【注意事项】对本药过敏者禁用。
【规格】胶囊：100mg/粒。300mg/片,400mg/片.

【原产地英文商品名】NEURONTIN 600mg/tab 100tabs/box
【原产地英文药品名】GABAPENTIN
【原产地英文化合物名称】1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话为准
·NEURONTIN 600毫克/片 100片/盒
·NEURONTIN 800毫克/片 100片/盒
【中文参考药品译名】加巴喷丁
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(氨甲基)-环己烷乙酸
【生产厂家中文参考译名】辉瑞
【生产厂家英文名】PFIZER PHARMS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【原产地英文商品名】GABAPENTIN(NEURONTIN GENERIC)800mg/tab 30tabs/box
【原产地英文药品名】GABAPENTIN
【原产地英文化合物名称】1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话为准
·加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN仿制药)800毫克/片 30片/盒
·加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN仿制药)600毫克/片 30片/盒
【中文参考药品译名】加巴喷丁
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(氨甲基)-环己烷乙酸

Gabapentin anxiety insomnia

about neurontin: "Do not increase or decrease doses of Gabapentin without your doctor's approval Combining Neurontin with morphine causes some people to become less alert. Gabapentin seems to be effective in reducing pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Neurontin is effective in helping to control partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. Generic forms of Gabapentin are available in the USA as the manufacturer no longer has patent protection. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, Gabapentin appears to inhibit excitatory neuron activity. More common side effects that occur when first starting to take Gabapentin include blurred or double vision, muscle weakness or pain, swollen hand, feet, or legs, weakness. Neurontin is an anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain that is a result of damage to or a disturbance in the function of nerves. More commonly referred to as shingles. Do not stop taking Gabapentin even if you feel better."

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Common uses

This medicine is an anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy. It may also be used to treat pain due to abnormal nerve stimulation (neuropathic pain) and nerve pain associated with herpes zoster infection. It may also be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Before using

Additional monitoring of your dose or condition may be needed if you have kidney disease. Inform your doctor of any other medical conditions, allergies, pregnancy, or breast-feeding. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about taking this medicine.

Directions

Follow the directions for using this medicine provided by your doctor. This medicine may be taken on an empty stomach or with food. Do not take this medicine within 2 hours of taking an aluminum- or magnesium-containing antacid.

Store this medicine at room temperature in a tightly-closed container, away from heat and light. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. If it is less than 2 hours until your next dose, take the missed dose immediately and take your next dose 1 to 2 hours later, then go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Cautions

Do not stop taking this medicine without first discussing with your doctor. This medicine may cause drowsiness or dizziness. This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other depressants. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions.

Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to this medicine. Using this medicine alone, with other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks.

For women: if you plan on becoming pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using this medicine during pregnancy. This medicine is excreted in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while taking this medicine, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the benefits and risks to your baby.

Possible side effects

Side effects that may occur while taking this medicine include tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, tremor, back pain, dry mouth, constipation, increased appetite, or an upset stomach. If they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if you experience decreased coordination, changes in vision (double or blurred vision), back and forth eye movements, persistent sore throat or fever, swelling of ankles, mental or mood changes, memory loss, or trouble speaking. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.

If you take too much

If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include double vision, slurred speech, sluggishness, drowsiness, or diarrhea.

Additional information

Do not share this medicine with others for whom it was not prescribed. Do not use this medicine for other health conditions. Keep this medicine out of the reach of children. If using this medicine for an extended period of time, obtain refills before your supply runs out

Drug interactions

Drug interactions can result in unwanted side effects or prevent a medicine from doing its job. Some medicines or medical conditions may interact with this medicine. Inform your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and over-the-counter medicine that you are taking.