【通用药名】GABAPENTIN

【别　　名】Neurontin

【化学名称】1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid，1-(氨甲基)-环己烷乙酸。

【药理毒理】
　　Gabapentin是美国Warner-Lanbert公司首先开发的抗癫痫药，于1993年首次在英国上市。加巴喷丁是一种新颖的抗癫痫药，它是γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）的衍生物，其药理作用与现有的抗癫痫药不同，最近研究表明加巴喷丁的作用是改变GABA代谢产生的。加巴喷丁在各种动物模型中均显示预防癫痫的作用，另外，在动物痉挛、镇痛和肌萎缩性测索硬化模型中也显示作用。加巴喷丁对脑组织的新颖结合点有高的亲和性，它能通过氨基酸转移体通过体内一些屏障，同其它抗惊厥药相比，加巴喷丁具有较小的行为和心血管副作用。

【药理作用】
　　加巴喷丁抗惊厥作用的机制尚不明确，但动物试验提示，与其他上市的抗惊厥药物相似，加巴喷丁可抑制癫痫发作。小鼠和大鼠最大电休克试验、苯四唑癫痫发作试验以及其他动物试验（如遗传性癫痫模型等）结果提示，加巴喷丁具有抗癫痫作用，但这些癫痫模型与人体的相关性尚不清楚。 　　
    加巴喷丁在结构上与神经递质GABA相关，但不与GABA受体产生相互作用，它既不能代谢转化为GABA或GABA激动剂，也不是GABA摄取或降解的抑制剂。放射性配体结合试验发现，加巴喷丁浓度达到100μM时，对许多常见受体位点无亲和力，包括苯二氮受体、谷氨酸受体、NMDA受体、quisqualate受体、海人草酸受体、番木鳖碱-不敏感性或-敏感性的氨基乙酸受体、α1、α2或β受体、腺苷A1或A2受体、M或N受体、多巴胺D1或D2受体、H1受体、5-羟色胺S1或S2受体、阿片μ，δ或k受体、尼群地平或地尔硫标记的电压敏感钙通道位点、蛙毒素A　20-α-苯甲酸盐标记的电压敏感的钠通道位点。由于在评价药物对NMDA受体作用的几个常用试验所得出的结果是相反，故目前尚无任何关于加巴喷丁对NMDA受体作用的统一认识。 　　
    体外研究显示加巴喷丁在大鼠脑内的结合位点分布于新皮层和海马，其高亲和力的结合蛋白被证实为电压激活钙通道的辅助亚单位，相关功能尚未阐明。

【适应症】
　　难治的不全性癫痫。有报道，抗焦虑药加巴喷丁（gabapentin）和抗病毒药伐昔洛韦（valacyclovir）联用可减少急性带状疱疹后遗神经痛的危险。

【不良反应】
　　包括嗜睡，眩晕，行走不稳，疲劳感。这些副作用常见于用药早期。只要从小剂量开始，缓慢地增加剂量，多数人都能耐受。儿童偶尔会急躁易怒，停药以后会消失。

【用法用量】
　　第一次睡前服300毫克。以后每天增加300毫克，用量可以高达每天3600毫克上述剂量需分三次服用。

【注意事项】
　　对本药过敏者禁用。

【原产地英文商品名】NEURONTIN
【原产地英文药品名】GABAPENTIN
【原产地英文化合物名称】1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话为准
·NEURONTIN 300毫克/胶囊 100胶囊/盒
·NEURONTIN 100毫克/胶囊 100胶囊/盒
·NEURONTIN 400毫克/胶囊 100胶囊/盒
【中文参考药品译名】加巴喷丁
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(氨甲基)-环己烷乙酸
【生产厂家中文参考译名:辉瑞
【生产厂家英文名】PFIZER PHARMS

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【原产地英文商品名】GABAPENTIN(NEURONTIN GENERIC)100mg/cap 30caps/box
【原产地英文药品名】GABAPENTIN
【原产地英文化合物名称】1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
【中文参考商品译名】
注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请以电话为准
·加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN仿制药)100毫克/胶囊 30胶囊/盒
·加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN仿制药)300毫克/胶囊 30胶囊/盒
·加巴喷丁(NEURONTIN仿制药)400毫克/胶囊 30胶囊/盒
【中文参考药品译名】加巴喷丁
【中文参考化合物名称】1-(氨甲基)-环己烷乙酸

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Neurontin
Generic Name: gabapentin (GA ba PEN tin)
Brand Names: Gabarone, Neurontin

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What is Neurontin?
Neurontin is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant. It affects chemicals and nerves in the body that are involved in the cause of seizures and some types of pain.

Neurontin is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat seizures caused by epilepsy in adults and children who are at least 12 years old. Neurontin is also used with other medications to treat partial seizures in children who are 3 to 12 years old.

Neurontin is also used to treat nerve pain caused by herpes virus or shingles.

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Important information about Neurontin
You should not use Neurontin if you are allergic to gabapentin.

Before taking Neurontin, tell your doctor if you have kidney, liver, or heart disease.

You may have thoughts about suicide while taking Neurontin. Your doctor will need to check you at regular visits. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Call your doctor at once if you have any new or worsening symptoms such as: mood or behavior changes, depression, anxiety, or if you feel agitated, hostile, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), or have thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself.

Do not stop taking Neurontin for seizures without first talking to your doctor, even if you feel better. You may have increased seizures if you stop taking Neurontin suddenly. You will need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely.

Contact your doctor if your seizures get worse or you have them more often while taking Neurontin.

Carry an ID card or wear a medical alert bracelet stating that you are taking Neurontin, in case of emergency. Any doctor, dentist, or emergency medical care provider who treats you should know that you are taking a seizure medication.

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Before taking Neurontin
You should not use Neurontin if you are allergic to gabapentin.
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Neurontin.

kidney disease;
liver disease; or
heart disease.

You may have thoughts about suicide while taking this medication. Tell your doctor if you have new or worsening depression or suicidal thoughts during the first several months of treatment, or whenever your dose is changed.

Your family or other caregivers should also be alert to changes in your mood or symptoms. Your doctor will need to check you at regular visits. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Neurontin is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Neurontin can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

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How should I take Neurontin?
Take Neurontin exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Neurontin can be taken with or without food.

If you break a tablet and take one half of it, take the other half at your next dose. Any tablet that has been broken should be used as soon as possible or within a few days.

Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Neurontin can cause you to have unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Neurontin.

Do not stop taking Neurontin for seizures without first talking to your doctor, even if you feel better. You may have increased seizures if you stop taking Neurontin suddenly. You will need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely. Contact your doctor if your seizures get worse or you have them more often while taking Neurontin.

Carry an ID card or wear a medical alert bracelet stating that you are taking Neurontin, in case of emergency. Any doctor, dentist, or emergency medical care provider who treats you should know that you are taking a seizure medication.

It is important to use Neurontin regularly for best seizure control. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

Store Neurontin tablets and capsules at room temperature away from light and moisture. Store the liquid medicine in the refrigerator. Do not freeze.

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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include blurred vision, drowsiness, weakness, slurred speech, or diarrhea.

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What should I avoid while taking Neurontin?
Neurontin can cause side effects that may impair your vision or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert and able to see clearly.

Avoid taking an antacid within 2 hours before or after you take Neurontin. Antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb Neurontin.

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Neurontin side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Neurontin: hives; fever; swollen glands; painful sores in or around your eyes or mouth; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have any new or worsening symptoms such as: mood or behavior changes, depression, anxiety, or if you feel agitated, hostile, restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), or have thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself.

Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
increased seizures;
fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
swelling of your ankles or feet;
confusion;
rapid back and forth movement of your eyes;
tremor; or
easy bruising.

Some side effects are more likely in children taking Neurontin. Contact your doctor if the child taking this medication has any of the following side effects:
changes in behavior;
memory problems;
trouble concentrating; or
acting restless, hostile, or aggressive.

Less serious Neurontin side effects may include:
dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, tired feeling;
lack of coordination;
blurred vision;
nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite;
diarrhea, constipation;
dry mouth;
runny or stuffy nose, sore throat;
headache;
sleep problems (insomnia), unusual dreams; or
acne, mild skin rash.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

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What other drugs will affect Neurontin?
The following drugs can interact with Neurontin. Tell your doctor if you are using any of these:
hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin, Vicoprofen, and others);
morphine (Kadian, MS Contin, Oramorph, and others); or
naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve, Anaprox, and others).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Neurontin. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about Neurontin.

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Neurontin only for the indication prescribed.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.