特治星 Tazocin
【分类】抗感染药/其他β内酰胺类

【别名】哌拉西林-三唑巴坦，氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦

【外文名】Piperacillin-Tazobactam，Tazocin，Zosyn

【成分】哌拉西林4g，他佐巴坦钠盐Na500mg。

【适应症】敏感细菌所致的呼吸道感染，泌尿道感染，腹腔内感染，皮肤及软组织感染，腹腔内感染，皮肤及软组织感染，细菌性败血症，妇科感染，患中性粒性细胞减少症病人的细菌感染，骨与关节感染。

【用量用法】成人及12岁以上的青少年4.5g/6-12hr一次缓慢静脉注射，静脉滴注或肌肉注射。治疗急性感染，疗程至少在5天以上，并在临床症状缓解或体温恢复后继酌情减量或延长给药间隔时间。

【禁忌】对青霉素类，头孢菌素类药物或B-内酰胺酶抑制剂有过敏史的病人。12岁以下儿童。

【不良反应】过敏反应。胃肠系统症状。

【注意事项】定期检查肚、肾功能，造血功能，凝血指标。妊娠和哺乳妇女慎用。

【药物相互作用】勿与丙磺舒，妥布霉素，氨基糖甙类抗生素，非极化肌松剂合用。

规格: (4/0.5)克/20毫升

生产厂家：日本大棚药品工业株式会社

Tazocin
How does it work?
Tazocin injection contains two active ingredients, piperacillin, which is a penicillin-type antibiotic, and tazobactam, which is a medicine that prevents bacteria from inactivating piperacillin. The injection is used to treat infections with bacteria.

Piperacillin is an antibiotic that has the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria. It works by interfering with the formation of bacterial cell walls. It does this by preventing the bacteria forming vital cross-links within their cell walls. These cross-links strengthen the cell walls and allow them to protect the bacteria from their environment. By interfering with the cross-linking meshwork in the cell walls, piperacillin weakens them.

The cell walls of bacteria are essential for their survival. They protect the bacteria from the environment and keep unwanted substances from entering the cells. As piperacillin weakens the cell walls, it allows unwanted substances to enter the bacterial cells. This causes the cells to swell and eventually rupture, and kills the bacteria.

Certain bacteria are resistant to penicillin-type antibiotics, because they have developed the ability to produce defensive chemicals. These chemicals are called beta-lactamases. They interfere with the structure of penicillin-type antibiotics and stop them from working.

Tazobactam is a type of medicine known as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is included in this medicine because it inhibits the action of the beta-lactamases produced by in defence by certain bacteria. This prevents the bacteria from inactivating the piperacillin, and leaves them susceptible to attack. Tazobactam therefore increases the range of bacteria that piperacillin can kill.

Tazocin is given by injection or infusion (drip) into a vein. It is used to treat severe infections, including those caused by multiple organisms.

To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to Tazocin, your doctor may take a tissue sample, for example a swab from the throat or skin, or a urine or blood sample, so that the infecting bacteria can be identified. However, due to its broad spectum of activity, this antibiotic can also be useful for starting treatment for severe infections before the results of microscopy and culture are known.

What is it used for?
In adults and children over 12 years of age:
Bacterial infections of the lungs and airways (chest or lower respiratory tract infections)
Bacterial infections within the abdomen
Bacterial infections of the urinary tract
Bacterial infections of the skin
Bacterial infections of the blood (septicaemia or blood poisoning)
Bacterial infections in people with low white blood cell counts (neutropenia) and hence decreased ability to fight infection (used in combination with an aminoglycoside antibiotic for this purpose)

In children under 12 years of age:
Appendicitis complicated by a burst appendix, peritonitis and/or abcess formation in children aged 2 to 12 years
Bacterial infections in children with low white blood cell counts (neutropenia) and hence decreased ability to fight infection (used in combination with an aminoglycoside antibiotic for this purpose)

Warning!
During long-term treatment, your doctor may want to take routine blood tests to monitor your kidney function, liver function, levels of blood cells and levels of salts such as sodium and potassium in your blood.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can sometimes cause inflammation of the bowel (colitis). For this reason, if you get diarrhoea either during or after taking this medicine, particularly if it becomes severe or persistent, or contains blood or mucus, you should tell your doctor immediately.

Use with caution in
Decreased kidney function
Kidney failure
History of allergies
Low sodium diet
Low blood potassium levels (hypokalaemia)

Not to be used in
Allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin type antibiotics
Allergy to beta-lactamase inhibitors
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.

If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.

The safety of this medicine during pregnancy has not been fully established.The manufacturer recommends it should only be used in pregnant women if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the developing foetus. Seek medical advice from your doctor.

This medicine passes into breast milk in small amounts. The manufacturer recommends it should only be used in breastfeeding mothers if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the nursing infant. Seek medical advice from your doctor.

Side effects
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.

Diarrhoea
Nausea and vomiting
Rash
Overgrowth of the yeast Candida, which may cause infection such as thrush
Disturbances in the normal numbers of blood cells in the blood
Headache
Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Inflammation of the wall of a vein with a blood clot forming in the affected segment of vein (thrombophlebitis)
Constipation
Indigestion
Sore mouth
Skin reactions such as itching, hives, flushing, eczema
Severe allergic skin rashes
Fever (pyrexia)
Reactions at injection site
Liver or kidney disorders
Fatigue
Muscle pain and weakness
Hallucinations

The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer.

For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.

How can this medicine affect other medicines?
It is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist what medicines you are already taking, including those bought without a prescription and herbal medicines, before you start treatment with this medicine, so they can check that the combination is safe.

Penicillins such as piperacillin may decrease the removal of methotrexate from the body, increasing the risk of its side effects. Your doctor may want to monitor the amount of methotrexate in your blood if you are receiving methotrexate treatment in combination with this medicine.

This medicine may alter the anti-blood-clotting effects of anticoagulant medicines such as warfarin. Your doctor may want to monitor your blood clotting time more frequently if you are receiving anticoagulant treatment in combination with this medicine.

Other medicines containing the same active ingredients
There are currently no other medicines available in the UK that contain piperacillin and tazobactam as the active ingredients.