Famciclovir(Famvir)泛昔洛韦 [功效主治]:用于治疗带状疱疹和原发性生殖器疱疹。
[用法用量]:口服,成人一次0.25g,每8小时1次。治疗带状疱疹的疗程为7日,治疗原发性生殖器疱疹的疗程为5天。肾功能不全患者应根据肾功能状况调整剂量,推荐剂量如下:肌酐清除率剂量≥60ml/分钟成人一次0.25g,每8小时1次40~59ml/分钟成人一次0.25g,每12小时1次20~39ml/分钟成人一次0.25g,每24小时1次<20ml/分钟成人一次0.125g,每48小时1次
[不良反应]:常见不良反应是头痛和恶心,,此外尚可见下列反应:1.神经系统:头晕、失眠、嗜睡、感觉异常等。2.消化系统:腹泻、腹痛、消化不良、厌食、呕吐、便秘、胀气等。3.全身反应:疲劳、疼痛、发热、寒颤等4.其他反应:皮疹、皮肤瘙痒、鼻窦炎、咽炎等。
新的带状疱疹治疗剂:Famciclovir(Famvir)
7月28日诺华公司宣布,FDA已经批准其处方药Famvir(泛昔洛韦,famciclovir)片剂作为单日疗法用于免疫力正常的复发型生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者。Famvir可显著降低愈合时间,并减少症状。此外,FDA还批准Famvir作为单剂量疗法用于治疗免疫力正常的复发型口唇疱疹患者。
与其他抗病毒药物联合应用治疗HBV感染的也有报道。Kruger[155]报道用泛昔洛韦和α-2b干扰素联合治疗了1例患乙型肝炎相关性结节性多动脉炎的56岁男性患者,获得成功。Piqueras等[156]报道用泛昔洛韦+干扰素成功治疗1例慢性乙型肝炎患者的肝衰竭。Marques等[157]用泛昔洛韦加α干扰素对5例以前用干扰素治疗失败的成人慢性HBV感染者治疗了20周。治疗方法是:先用泛昔洛韦治疗4周,再加用α干扰素治疗12周,最后停用干扰素,继续使用泛昔洛韦治疗4周。结果有2例患者的HBV DNA阴转,肝功能和肝脏组织学改善。侯金林等[120]在拉米夫定和拉米夫定+泛昔洛韦治疗期间HBV动态改变的研究中也同样证实,联合治疗可提高拉米夫定的抗病毒疗效。
尽管对泛昔洛韦的研究早于拉米夫定,但近年来用其治疗乙型肝炎的报道远远低于拉米夫定。其原因主要是因为其抗HBV作用低于拉米夫定,且同样可诱导HBV多聚酶的YMDD耐药性变异,而治疗费用高于拉米夫定。
Seehofer等[72]对1988年-1998年间的179例肝移植后复发性HBV感染的治疗进行了回顾性的分析,比较了使用泛昔洛韦或拉米夫定+乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白治疗肝移植后复发性HBV感染的疗效,发现泛昔洛韦的疗效低于拉米夫定,且使用泛昔洛韦治疗后出现耐药的患者使用拉米夫定治疗仍然有效。Rayes等[10]对肝移植后长期应用泛昔洛韦和拉米夫定(20例)治疗乙型肝炎进行了比较性研究。32例患者使用泛昔洛韦治疗,20例患者使用拉米夫定治疗,7例患者在泛昔洛韦治疗失败后再用拉米夫定治疗。结果19例用泛昔洛韦治疗的患者和76%用拉米夫定治疗的患者HBV DNA阴转;用拉米夫定治疗的患者中有24%的患者HBsAg阴转,而用泛昔洛韦治疗的患者中无1例HBsAg阴转。对泛昔洛韦治疗失败的患者,拉米夫定治疗也是有效的。作者认为,拉米夫定的抗病毒效应比泛昔洛韦强。
最近,Berenguer等[158]报道了6例肝移植后的HBV感染者(HBsAg阳性,HBV DNA阳性,其中4例HBeAg阳性)用泛昔洛韦500mg tid治疗了至少12个月。结果无1例患者完全有效。有3例患者的ALT接近正常,无1例患者出现抗-HBs或抗-HBe的血清转换。2例患者的HBV DNA阴转,1例下降,其余3例甚至比治疗前DNA水平升高。仅1例患者治疗后肝脏组织学改善。因此作者认为,单独应用泛昔洛韦治疗肝移植后的HBV感染疗效欠佳。
在泛昔洛韦的Ⅲ期临床实验中,证实泛昔洛韦是一种强有力的抗HBV药物,但同时也发现长期应用后同样可以导致HBV多聚酶的YMDD基序变异。动物试验结果还证实,HBV对拉米夫定与泛昔洛韦有交叉耐药性。Mutimer[43]证实,在对拉米夫定耐药的两种变异株中,M550V-L526M与泛昔洛韦有交叉耐药性,而M550I与泛昔洛韦无关。据Rayes等[10]报道,长期治疗的患者中拉米夫定的耐药率为55%,而泛昔洛韦为80%。
【原产地英文商品名】FAMVIR 500mg/tab 30tabs/bottle 【原产地英文药品名】FAMCICLOVIR 【中文参考商品译名】 注:以下产品不同规格和不同价格,购买时请以电话咨询为准! ·FAMVIR 250毫克/片 30片/瓶 ·FAMVIR 125毫克/片 30片/瓶 ·FAMVIR 500毫克/片 30片/瓶 【中文参考药品译名】泛昔洛韦 【生产厂家中文参考译名】诺华 【生产厂家英文名】NOVARTIS
Famvir (famciclovir)
Marketed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp (East Hanover, NJ)
Indication: July 28, 2006?Novartis announced FDA approval of Famvir tablets as a single-day treatment for immunocompetent patients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH), based on a supplemental new drug application. Famvir was shown to significantly reduce the healing time of nonaborted lesions, as well as the time to resolution of studied symptoms in RGH patients with lesions, by almost 2 days. The FDA also approved Famvir as a single-dose treatment for recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in immunocompetent patients.
Dosage Form: Tablets: 125, 250, and 500 mg
General description
Famvir is the brand name for the drug famciclovir produced by Smithkline Beecham. Famciclovir is a prodrug of penciclovir. It is an acyclic guanine derivative that acts an an inhibitor of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and HSV 2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). MechanismIn the body, famciclovir is transformed to penciclovir, and acts in the same manner as penciclovir. IndicationsFamvir is indicated for use against acute herpes zoster. It is also indicated for treatment of recurrent genital herpes in immunocompromised patients and recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections of patients infected with HIV. Usage/Dosage
Indication and normal dosage regimen |
Creatine clearance (mL/min) |
Adjusted Dosage Regimen |
Dosing Interval |
Herpes Zoster 500 mg every 8 hours |
>60 |
500 |
every 8 hours |
|
40-59 |
500 |
every 12 hours |
|
20-39 |
500 |
every 24 hours |
|
<20 |
250 |
every 24 hours |
|
hemodialysis |
250 |
following each dialysis |
Recurrent Genital Herpes 125 mg every 12 hours |
>40 |
125 |
every 12 hours |
|
20-39 |
125 |
every 24 hours |
|
<20 |
125 |
every 24 hours |
|
hemodialysis |
125 |
following each dialysis |
Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes 250 mg every 12 hours |
>40 |
250 |
every 12 hours |
|
20-39 |
125 |
every 12 hours |
|
<20 |
125 |
every 24 hours |
|
hemodialysis |
125 |
following each dialysis |
Recurrent Orolabial and Genital Herpes Simplex Infection in HIV-Infected Patients 500 mg every 12 hours |
>40 |
500 |
every 12 hours |
|
20-39 |
500 |
every 24 hours |
|
<20 |
205 |
every 24 hours |
|
hemodialysis |
205 |
following each dialysis |
Precautions
Patients should know that Famvir is not a cure for genital herpes. It is unknown whether Famvir can act to prevent transmission with others, so during treatment, patients should be careful of transmission. The drug has been found to be a carcinogen in rats, though no studies have been performed with humans yet. The efficacy of Famvir has not yet been established for treating initial episodes of genital herpes, ophtalmic zoster, disseminated zoster, or immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster.
Contraindications
Famvir is contraindicated for patients with known hypersensitivity to components of the drug, its product, or to Denavir. Potential Adverse EffectsThe most common side effect is headache. This drug appears to be relatively safe. |