英文药名: Symmetrel(Amantadine Syrup)

中文药名: 金刚烷胺糖浆,三环癸胺

生产厂家: Bristol Meyers Squibb

药品名称

【别名】金刚胺,三环癸胺,金刚烷胺
【外文名】Amantadine
药理作用

有显著抑制病毒的脱壳作用。其抗震颤麻痹的作用机制，可能为增加多巴胺合成，促使多巴胺释放，抑制多巴胺主动摄取机制及/或直接刺激多巴胺能受体。
适应症

1.对震颤麻痹有明显疗效，缓解震颤、僵直效果好，起效快，用药后４８小时即出现明显作用，２周后达高峰。药物以原形由肾排出，酸性尿排泄加速。
2.抗亚洲Ａ－Ⅱ型流感病毒作用，对与该型流感接触者保护率约７０％。
3.退热作用对多种炎症、败血症、病毒性肺炎等有效，若与抗生素合用，退热作用比单用抗生素好。
用法用量

口服：成人每次０．１ｇ，早晚各１次，最大剂量每日４００ｍｇ。小儿用量酌减，可连用３～５日，最多１０日。１～９岁小儿，每日每千克体重３ｍｇ，最大用量不超过每日１５０ｍｇ。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
注意事项

1.不良反应少，少数病人服后可有嗜睡、眩晕、抑郁、食欲减退等，亦可出现四肢皮肤青斑、踝部水肿等。
2.震颤麻痹病人超过每日２００ｍｇ时，疗效不增，毒性渐增。老年病人耐受性低，可出现幻觉谵妄。
3.精神病、脑动脉硬化、癫痫、哺乳期妇女慎用。因可致畸胎，孕妇禁用。
 
包装规格
·50mg/ml ：450ml（Alliance生产）
·50mg/ml ：500ml
·50mg/ml ：500ml 

Symmetrel is generically prescribed as amantadine and can be used to treat and prevent influenza A. Symmetrel can also be used to treat disease such as Parkinson’s disease and disease that mimic the symptoms of Parkinson’s. Symmetrel is an antiviral medication. When used to treat Parkinson’s disease, this medication should not be suddenly stopped.

Symmetrel should not be prescribed without a thorough medical history. Patients with a medical history which includes epilepsy, seizure disorders, kidney disease, liver disease, congestive heart failure, the accumulation of fluid in the extremities, or a chronic rash may not be able to undergo drug therapy with Symmetrel or may require careful monitoring while taking this medication, depending on the condition and the severity of the condition.

The American Food and Drug Administration rated Symmetrel as a pregnancy risk category C which means that there is a likelihood that this medication will cause harm or birth defects in an unborn baby. It has yet to be determined if Symmetrel passes through the mother’s breast milk and affects a nursing baby, thus it is recommended that nursing mothers avoid taking Symmetrel. This medication should be avoided for women who are pregnant or have a high likelihood of becoming pregnant, or are trying to get pregnant.

There may be side effects associated with Symmetrel, and some of them could be serious. Side effects such as allergic reactions, congestive heart failure, severe stiffness of the extremities, involuntary reactions of the extremities, or confusion after discontinuing the medication or reducing the dose require immediate emergency medical attention. Allergic reactions will present with symptoms such as swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, or throat, hives, and difficulty breathing while congestive heart failure is likely to present with fatigue, sudden swelling of the hands, legs, or feet, and difficulty breathing.

Less serious side effects are not typically urgent enough to require medical attention however reporting them to the prescribing physician is highly recommended. Less serious side effects may include symptoms such as insomnia, a decrease in appetite, nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, headaches, dry mouth, anxiety, depression, constipation, or confusion. Less serious side effects may be alleviated by altering the dose of Symmetrel or by changing the time of day it is typically taken.

Symmetrel should only be taken as it has been prescribed. If a dose it missed it should not be made up by a double dose, rather it should be taken as soon as it is remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. If it is almost time for the following dose, the missed dose should simply be skipped. Taking too much Symmetrel may result in an overdose, which would require medical intervention. An overdose may present with symptoms such as blurry vision and a severe headache indicating an increase in blood pressure, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, aggression, tremors, paranoia, hallucinations, coma, and death.

Symmetrel presents a risk of drug interactions which may occur when other medications are taken at the same time. Patients should always inquire with the prescribing physician before taking any new medications, even over the counter drugs or herbal remedies. Medications with a known interaction with Symmetrel include phenothiazines, decongestants, diet pills, caffeine, allergy medications, products which promote wakefulness, and other medications which may stimulate the nervous system.

• Symmetrel available : 50mg/5ml syrup, 100mg tablets