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NORVIR（ritonavir）利托那韦口服软胶囊
最初美国批准：1996
生产商：雅培
适应症
NORVIR是一种HIV蛋白酶抑制剂与其他抗逆转录病毒药物治疗HIV-1感染的组合表示。
剂量和用法
与其他蛋白酶抑制剂使用时，剂量对NORVIR的修改是必要的。
成人患者：600毫克，如果可能的话三餐，每天两次。
儿科患者：建议每天两次的剂量大于一岁一个月的儿童体表面积的基础上，并应随餐不超过600毫克，每天两次，如果可能的话。
剂型和优势
胶囊，软胶囊：100毫克。
禁忌
NORVIR是禁忌的患者已知的过敏利托那韦（例如，中毒性表皮坏死，Stevens-Johnson综合征），或任何其成分。
合作与药物管理高度依赖于CYP3A的间隙和血浆浓度升高，可能与严重和/或危及生命的事件相关。
联合用药与药物显着减少利托。
注意事项：
以下已观察病人接受NORVIR：
药物相互作用：考虑药物相互作用的潜在严重或危及生命的不良反应，以减少风险。
肝脏反应：死亡事故时有发生。前和治疗期间监测肝功能，尤其是在与潜在的肝脏疾病，包括乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎，或明显转氨酶升高的患者。
胰腺炎：死亡事故时有发生;暂停临床适当的治疗。
已报告的过敏反应/过敏：过敏反应，包括过敏性休克，中毒性表皮坏死溶解，Stevens-Johnson综合征，支气管和血管性水肿。如果发展严重的反应，停止治疗。
PR间期延长，可能会出现在某些患者。第二和第三度心脏传导阻滞的病例报道。与现有的传导系统疾病，缺血性心脏疾病，心肌病的患者慎用，相关结构性心脏疾病或与其他药物有可能延长PR间行政时使用。
总胆固醇和甘油三脂升高：前治疗和其后定期监控。
患者可能发展的新发或加重糖尿病，高血糖。
患者可发展为免疫重建综合征。
患者可能发展再分配/体内脂肪堆积。
血友病：可能发生自发性出血，和额外的第八因子可能需要。
不良反应
最常见的不良反应（大于5％的中度至重度强度），腹痛，乏力，头痛，全身乏力，厌食，腹泻，消化不良，恶心，呕吐，感觉异常，circumoral感觉异常，周围感觉异常，头晕，味觉异常。
药物相互作用
管理有限公司NORVIR可以改变其他药物的浓度。前和治疗过程中必须考虑潜在的药物相互作用。
在特殊人群中使用
哺乳母亲：因为双方的艾滋病毒传播的潜力和哺乳婴儿的严重不良反应的潜力，母亲应指示不进行母乳喂养，如果他们正在接受NORVIR。
日期：04/2012
Norvir (Ritonavir)
Norvir (ritonavir) is one of the wide variety of HIV medications on the market. Most of these drugs work on the same principles. They try to prevent the virus from multiplying and spreading around the organism. Once a patient is diagnosed with it, the sad news is that there is no treatment to completely eradicate it. The good news is that it can be treated. With the evolution of the medicine within the last decades, the HIV patients can live as normally as everyone else, but under a treatment. Just like most other similar drugs, this one is based on ritonavir too.
Norvir (ritonavir) can be used whether the HIV has caused AIDS already or not. It is FDA approved since 1996 and obviously requires a medical evaluation before being used.
Administration
The Norvir (ritonavir) treatment must be started by a specialist doctor with experience in treating the HIV infection. The substance is given orally, with food. The treatment is usually individualized since it depends on a lot of factors. When given as a pharmacokinetic enhancer, the medication is administered in associated therapies with other inhibitors. Here come a lot of situations. There are around 10 such other medications and the dosage for each of them differs.
When used as an antiretroviral medication, the optimal dosage for adults is 600mg twice a day. It is gradually increased to improve the tolerance. The treatment is initiated with only 300mg doses for the first 3 days. If no severe reactions are observed, it is increased with 100mg over a period of time no longer than 2 weeks. It is very important to maintain the 300mg dose for only 3 days. When it comes to children, the optimal dose depends on their overall body surface – 350mg per square meter. It is also given two times a day and should never get over 600mg.
The capsules are supposed to be swallowed whole, as well as the extended release tablets. Norvir (ritonavir) is also available as an oral suspension that should be measured only with the special measuring device coming in the package.
Warnings
Norvir (ritonavir) does not protect your partners from taking HIV, so don’t share personal hygiene stuff or have unprotected sexual relationships. The alcohol is also contraindicated while on the treatment.
Secondary effects
Among the most common secondary effects of Norvir (ritonavir), you can expect nausea, headaches, diarrhea, fever, irregular heartbeat or mood changes. Let your doctor know if they become exquisite. | 
