【中文品名】头孢他啶
【药效类别】抗生素>头孢菌素类
【通用药名】CEFTAZIDIME
【别　　名】噻甲羧肟头孢菌素, 头孢齐定, 复达欣, 凯复定, 头孢噻甲羧肟, Cefortam, Fortam, Fortaz, Fortum, Glazidim, Kefadim, Magnacef, Modacin, Panzid, Tazicef, Tazidime, Antibiotic GR-20263, Strarcef SN-401
【化学名称】 Pyridinium, 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-, inner salt, pentahydrate
【CA登记号】[72558-82-8]
【结 构 式】

【分 子 式】C22H22N6O7S2 . 5H2O
【分 子 量】636.58
【收录药典】
【开发单位】Glaxo (英国)
【首次上市】1984年，英国
【性　　状】
白色或微黄色结晶性粉末，无臭或稍有特异臭味。易溶于二甲亚砜，几乎不溶于乙醚、乙酸乙酯、难溶于水，极难溶于乙醇。[α]D20=-30°(pH6磷酸缓冲液)。
【构效关系】3-位、7-位酰胺基上侧链的改变，决定了该药的药代动力学特性、安全性和抗菌活性。在头孢甲肟的7-位亚氨甲氧基处连接羧异丙基，使该药具有较优的抗绿脓杆菌活性和对β-内酰胺酶的高度稳定性。同时却使CAZ对G+菌PBPs亲和力降低，所以对G+菌的抗菌活性不如头孢甲肟。3-位吡啶基使该药的蛋白结合率降低(17%)和仅有微量肾小管排泄。
【抗菌活性】
细菌对CAZ敏感性标准，当MIC≤8μg/ml时对CAZ敏感，MIC≥32μg/ml时对CAZ耐药(菌量接种104--106CFU)。
CAZ对假单孢菌和肠杆菌科细菌有较强的抗菌活性，其MIC范围为0.5--32μg/ml。其它第三代头孢菌素为2--128μg/ml。它对耐氨基糖甙类抗生素和耐羧苄青霉素的绿脓杆菌仍敏感(MIC90为1--4μg/ml)。CAZ对绿脓杆菌具有杀菌作用，对庆大霉素敏感的绿脓杆菌，其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为8.5μg/ml。
【药代动力学及临床】CAZ的药代动力学与第三代相似，静注或肌注给药1g，血药浓度比它对绿脓杆菌及肠杆菌科细菌的MIC值要高好几倍，并能维持6--8 h，血中半衰期近2 h，肾功能不全患者更长。本品不被代谢，不经肾小管分泌，由肾小球过滤排出。最初的24 h 约有给药量的80--90%由原尿中排出。临床上CAZ特别适合治疗由绿脓杆菌所引起的各种类型感染，一般情况下，单独用药比联合用药效果好。
【用　　途】属第三代头孢菌素，主要抑制细菌细胞壁的合成，从而起杀菌作用，抗菌谱似头孢氨噻肟，对绿脓杆菌作用优于头孢磺苄和氨基糖甙类抗生素。绝大多数病原菌株，包括对氨基糖甙类、青霉类及其他头孢菌素耐药细菌对本品敏感，如金葡萄菌、表皮葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、肺炎杆菌及其他克雷白菌属、变形菌属、肠杆菌属、沙雷菌属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属、流感噬血杆菌、脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌等革兰氏阴性菌，消化球菌属和消化链球菌属、梭杆菌属、拟杆菌属等厌氧菌。肌注本品1g，1.3 小时血药浓度峰值37ug／ml，静注lg，5分钟达87ug／ml。给药后，大多数组织的最小抑制浓度高于其他中枢神经系统。本品易通过胎盘，但很难透入正常的血脑屏障。t1／2约为 1.8小时。血清蛋白结合率约10％。24小时内约90％的药以原型通过肾小球滤过而随尿排出。
用于上述敏感菌引起的严重感染症：败血症、腹膜炎以及患血液病或恶性肿瘤的免疫抑制性病人合并的感染，也用于烧伤、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、耳鼻咽喉、皮肤和软组织以及胃肠道感染。

临床上对老年和肾衰竭病人，可安全地替代氨基糖甙类。

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate Solution for injection

What is this medicine?

CEFTAZIDIME (SEF tay zi deem) is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
 
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•bleeding problems
•kidney disease
•stomach, intestinal problems like colitis
•an unusual or allergic reaction to ceftazidime, cephalosporin or penicillin antibiotics, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

This medicine is injected into a muscle, or infused through a vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting.

If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this medicine. Use exactly as directed. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.

It is important that you put your used needles and syringes in a special sharps container. Do not put them in a trash can. If you do not have a sharps container, call your pharmacist or healthcare provider to get one.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What may interact with this medicine?

•certain antibiotics given by injection
•chloramphenicol
•female hormones, like estrogens or progestins and birth control pills

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Tell your doctor or health care professional if your symptoms do not begin to improve or if you get new symptoms. Your doctor will monitor your condition and blood work as needed.

Do not treat diarrhea with over-the-counter products. Contact your doctor if you have diarrhea that lasts more than 2 days or if the diarrhea is severe and watery.

This medicine can interfere with some urine glucose tests. If you use such tests, talk with your health care professional.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•burning, numbness, or tingling
•confusion
•dark urine
•difficulty breathing, wheezing
•discolored, sore mouth
•fever
•low blood pressure
•muscle stiffness
•pain or difficulty passing urine
•redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth
•seizures
•unusual bleeding, bruising
•unusually weak or tired
•yellowing of eyes, skin

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•diarrhea
•headache
•mouth irritation
•nausea, vomiting
•pain, swelling or irritation at the injection site
•vaginal itch, irritation

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

You will be instructed on how to store this medicine, if needed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label.

Last updated: 7/1/2002

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.