英文药名: Fortaz(Ceftazidime Vials) 中文药名: 头孢他啶注射剂 品牌药生产厂家: Glaxo Smith Kline 药品名称 头孢他啶注射粉剂 - Ceftazidime   药理作用 头孢他啶对大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌等肠杆菌科细菌和流感杆菌、绿脓杆菌等有高度抗菌活性。对硝酸盐阴性杆菌、产碱杆菌等亦有良好抗菌作用。对于细菌产生的大多数β-内酰胺酶高度稳定，故其对上述革兰氏阴性杆菌中多重耐药菌株仍可具抗菌活性。肺炎球菌、溶血性链球菌等革兰氏阳性球菌对本品高度敏感，但本品对葡萄球菌仅具中度活性，肠球菌和耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌则往往对本品耐药。本品对消化球菌和消化链球菌等厌氧菌具一定抗菌活性，但对脆弱类杆菌抗菌作用差。 药代动力学 成人单次静滴和静注头孢他啶1 g后，高峰血药浓度分别可达70-72 mg/L和120-146 mg/L。本品的消除半衰期约为1.5-2.3小时。给药后在多种组织和体液中分布良好，也可透过血脑屏障，脑膜有炎症时，脑脊液内药物浓度可达同期血浓度的17-30%。本品的血浆蛋白结合率为5-23%。本品主要自肾小球滤过排出，静脉给药后24小时内以原形排出给药量的84-87%，胆汁中排出量少于给药量的1%。中、重度肾功能损害者本品的消除半衰期延长，当内生肌酐清除率≤ (smaller than or equal to) 2 mL/分钟时，消除半衰期可延长至14-30小时。本品可通过血液透析清除。本品在新生儿中的半衰期稍延长(平均4-5小时)。 适应症 敏感革兰氏阴性杆菌所致的败血症、下呼吸道感染、腹腔胆系感染、复杂性尿路感染和严重的皮肤软组织感染。对于由多种耐药革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的免疫缺陷者感染、医院内感染，以及革兰氏阴性杆菌或绿脓杆菌所致的中枢神经神经系统感染尤为适用。 用法用量 败血症、下呼吸道感染、胆系感染：每日4-6 g，分2-3次静滴或静注，疗程10-14天。 泌尿系感染和重度皮肤软组织感染：每日2-4 g，分2次静滴或静注，疗程7-14天。 对某些危及生命的感染、严重绿脓杆菌感染和中枢神经系统感染: 可酌情增量至150-200 mg/kg/日，分3次静滴或静注。 婴幼儿：30-100 mg/kg/日，分2-3次静滴或静注，每日最大剂量不超过6 g。 临用前，加灭菌注射用水适量，使溶解。 任何疑问，请遵医嘱！ 不良反应 本品的不良反应少见而轻微。少数患者发生皮疹、皮肤瘙痒、药物热、恶心、腹泻、腹痛；注射部位轻度静脉炎；偶可发生一过性血清转氨酶(SGPT)、血尿素氮、血肌酐值轻度升高；白细胞、血小板降低及嗜酸性细胞增高。 禁忌症 对本品或头孢菌素类有过敏反应史者禁用。 对青霉素类有过敏性休克史者不宜应用本品。 注意事项 对青霉素过敏者慎用。肾功能明显减退者应用本品时需根据肾功能损害程度减量应用。重症革兰氏阳性球菌感染，本品为非首选药。 孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药 可以使用本品，但非首选。 老年患者用药 本品的有效性及安全性在老年人与年轻人之间无显著差别。 药物相互作用 如与氨基糖甙类抗生素或速尿等强利尿剂合用时，需严密观察肾功能，以避免肾损害的发生。 包装规格：1 gram(克)/vial(瓶) 10 (支) 粉剂 FORTAZ (ceftazidime) injection, powder, for solution FORTAZ (ceftazidime sodium) injection, solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC] CHEMICAL NAME CEFTAZIDIME. INDICATIONS Fortaz(CEFTAZIDIME) are antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, skin infections and urinary tract infections. This antibiotic only treats bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness. DIRECTIONS Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. This is done by administering the drug at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day and night. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Continue to use this medication until the full prescribed time is finished even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow resulting in a relapse of the infection. Before using, check the product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use it. MISSED DOSE: If you should miss a dose, use it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. If it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not "double-up" the dose. SIDE EFFECTS An allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include: itching, swelling, dizziness, rash, trouble breathing. Report promptly: vomiting, severe stomach cramps, watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, unusual weakness, fast/pounding heartbeat. Unlikely but report promptly: yellowing eyes and skin, persistent sore throat, easy bruising or bleeding, change in amount of urine, seizures. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. OVERDOSAGE If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include seizures. INFORMATION Do not share this medicine with others for whom it was not prescribed. Do not use this medicine for other health conditions. Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when it is full. NOTES The above information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician,pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you. Consult your healthcare professional before taking the product. DRUG INTERACTIONS Tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: aminoglycosides, "blood thinners" (e.g., warfarin), "water pills" (e.g., furosemide, thiazides), live vaccines. Certain cephalosporins (your medication belongs to this class of drugs) can interact strongly with alcohol. Do not drink alcohol while using this medication and for 72 hours after the last dose has been injected. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about the medication prescribed for you and the use of alcohol. This drug may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. Discuss using other methods of birth control with your doctor. This drug may cause false positive results in some diabetic urine testing products (cupric sulfate-type). Consult your doctor or pharmacist for recommendations. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.