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部分中文Indocin信息资料（仅供参考）
Information on Indomethacin
Learn more about usage, cautions, and possible side effects.
Capsules
Chemical Name: INDOMETHACIN (in-doe-METH-a-sin)
Common uses
This medicine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Before using
WARNING: THE RISK OF SERIOUS AND SOMETIMES FATAL HEART PROBLEMS, HEART ATTACK, AND STROKE may be increased with the use of this medicine. This risk may be increased the longer you use this medicine. Risk may also be higher in patients who have heart problems or who are at risk for heart problems. THIS MEDICINE SHOULD NOT BE USED to treat pain before or after coronary artery heart bypass (CABG) surgery. THE RISK OF SERIOUS AND SOMETIMES FATAL STOMACH AND BOWEL PROBLEMS, including bleeding, ulcers, and holes in the stomach and bowel, is increased while using this medicine. These problems may occur at any time during therapy, with or without symptoms. Elderly patients are at higher risk for serious stomach problems. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information about this medicine and its side effects. Some medicines or medical conditions may interact with this medicine. INFORM YOUR DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST of all prescription and over-the-counter medicine that you are taking. DO NOT TAKE THIS MEDICINE if you are taking diflunisal, another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) (such as ibuprofen), or triamterene. ADDITIONAL MONITORING OF YOUR DOSE OR CONDITION may be needed if you are taking anticoagulants (such as warfarin), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (such as captopril), angiotensin receptor blockers (such as losartan), beta-blockers (such as metoprolol), corticosteroids (such as prednisone), cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, digoxin, diuretics (such as hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, or spironolactone), heparin, lithium, methotrexate, probenecid, quinolone antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin), salicylates (such as aspirin), serotonin reuptake blockers (such as fluoxetine or citalopram), or sulfonylureas (such as glipizide). DO NOT START OR STOP any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval. Inform your doctor of any other medical conditions including heart problems (such as heart failure or history of heart attack), swelling of the hands, feet, or ankles (edema), high blood pressure, history of stroke, blood clotting problems, stomach or bowel problems (such as bleeding or ulcers), history of tobacco use or alcohol use, kidney problems, liver problems, blood or bleeding problems (such as anemia), asthma, growths in the nose (nasal polyps), any allergies - especially aspirin/NSAID allergy (e.g., ibuprofen, celecoxib), pregnancy, or breast-feeding. USE OF THIS MEDICINE IS NOT RECOMMENDED if you have history of severe kidney disease or if you are going to have or have recently had coronary artery heart bypass (CABG) surgery. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about taking this medicine.
Directions
Follow the directions for using this medicine provided by your doctor. This medicine may come with a medication guide. Read it carefully. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist any questions that you may have about this medicine. TAKE THIS MEDICINE with a full glass of water. TAKE THIS MEDICINE with food. Taking it with food may not decrease the risk of stomach or bowel problems (such as bleeding or ulcers) that may occur while taking this medicine. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you experience persistent stomach upset. STORE THIS MEDICINE at room temperature, away from heat and light. IF YOU MISS A DOSE OF THIS MEDICINE, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Cautions
THIS MEDICINE INCREASES YOUR RISK OF SERIOUS STOMACH OR BOWEL PROBLEMS (such as ulcers and bleeding). This risk is increased if you are elderly or are in poor health, if you have a history of smoking or drinking alcohol, if you take corticosteroid medicines (such as prednisone) or "blood thinners" (such as warfarin), or if you take this medicine for a long period of time. THIS MEDICINE MAY ALSO INCREASE YOUR RISK for certain serious heart and blood vessel problems (such as heart attack and stroke). TAKE THIS MEDICINE EXACTLY AS PRESCRIBED BY YOUR DOCTOR, at the lowest possible dose for the shortest time needed. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for further information. DO NOT TAKE THIS MEDICINE IF YOU HAVE HAD A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION to aspirin or any medicine containing aspirin or to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (such as piroxicam, ibuprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin). A severe reaction includes a severe rash, hives, breathing difficulties, or dizziness. If you have a question about whether you are allergic to this medicine or if a certain medicine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, contact your doctor or pharmacist. IF YOU EXPERIENCE difficulty breathing; tightness of chest; swelling of eyelids, face, or lips; or if you develop a rash or hives, tell your doctor immediately. Do not take any more of this medicine unless your doctor tells you to do so. Laboratory and/or medical tests, including blood counts, liver function tests, and kidney function tests, may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects, especially if you are taking this medicine for a long period of time. KEEP ALL DOCTOR AND LABORATORY APPOINTMENTS while you are taking this medicine. DO NOT DRIVE, OPERATE MACHINERY, OR DO ANYTHING ELSE THAT COULD BE DANGEROUS until you know how you react to this medicine. Using this medicine alone, with other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks. ALCOHOL WARNING: If you consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor whether you should take this medicine or other pain relievers/fever reducers. This medicine may cause stomach bleeding. BEFORE YOU BEGIN TAKING ANY NEW MEDICINE, either prescription or over-the-counter, check with your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any medicine that contains aspirin or other non-prescription pain relievers. CAUTION IS ADVISED when using this medicine in children because they may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine. CAUTION IS ADVISED WHEN USING THIS MEDICINE IN THE ELDERLY because they may be more sensitive to the effects of this medicine, especially the risk of stomach or bowel effects (such as bleeding or ulcers) or kidney effects. FOR WOMEN: THIS MEDICINE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO CAUSE HARM to the human fetus. IF YOU PLAN ON BECOMING PREGNANT, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using this medicine during pregnancy. THIS MEDICINE IS EXCRETED IN BREAST MILK. DO NOT BREAST-FEED while taking this medicine.
Possible side effects
SIDE EFFECTS, that may go away during treatment, include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gas, constipation, indigestion, dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, or headache. If they continue or are bothersome, check with your doctor. CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE if you experience depression, fatigue, or ringing in ears. CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY if you experience seizures. CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY if you experience sharp or crushing chest pain; sudden shortness of breath; sudden leg pain; sudden severe headache, vomiting, dizziness, or fainting; changes in vision; numbness of an arm or leg; slurred speech; one-sided weakness; sudden unexplained weight gain; change in amount of urine produced; severe or persistent stomach pain; vomit that looks like coffee grounds; black tarry stools; itching, reddened, swollen, blistered, painful, or peeling skin; yellowing of the skin or eyes; dark urine; right-sided tenderness; severe or persistent tiredness; fever, chills, or sore throat; severe or persistent nausea; swelling of hands, ankles, feet, face, lips, eyes, throat, or tongue; difficulty swallowing or breathing; or hoarseness. AN ALLERGIC REACTION TO THIS MEDICINE is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.
Drug interactions
Drug interactions can result in unwanted side effects or prevent a medicine from doing its job. Use our drug interaction checker to find out if your medicines interact with each other. Check drug interactions
If you take too much
If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, intense headache, dizziness, confusion, and seizures.
Additional information
DO NOT SHARE THIS MEDICINE with others for whom it was not prescribed. DO NOT USE THIS MEDICINE for other health conditions. KEEP THIS MEDICINE out of the reach of children and pets. IF USING THIS MEDICINE FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, obtain refills before your supply runs out.
Selected data included with permission and copyrighted by Medi-Span, 2008. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a Licensed data provider and is not for distribution in professional healthcare settings.
【药理毒理】
本品具有抗炎、解热及镇痛作用，其作用机理为通过对环氧酶的抑制而减少前列腺素的合成。制止炎症组织痛觉神经冲动的形成，抑制炎性反应，包括抑制白细胞的趋化性及溶酶体酶的释放等。至于退热作用，由于作用于下视丘体温调节中枢，引起外周血管扩张及出汗，使散热增加。这种中枢性退热作用也可能与在下视丘的前列腺素合成受到抑制有关。
急性毒性试验结果：大鼠经口LD50为12mg/kg；小鼠经口LD50为50mg/kg。
【药代动力学】
口服吸收完全，食物或服用含铝及镁的制酸药可稍使吸收缓慢，吸收入血后，约有99%与血浆蛋白结合。口服1～4小时血药浓度达峰值，用量25mg时血药浓度为1.4µg/ml，50mg时为2.8µg/ml；T1/2平均为4.5小时，早产儿明显延长。本品在肝脏代谢为去甲基化物和去氯苯甲酰化物，又可水解为吲哚美辛重新吸收再循环。60%从肾脏排泄，其中10%～20%以原形排出；33%从胆汁排泄，其中1.5%为原形药；在乳汁中也有排出(每天可达0.5～2.0mg)。本品不能被透析清除。
【适应症】
用于
①关节炎，可缓解疼痛和肿胀。
②软组织损伤和炎症；
③解热；
④其他：用于治疗偏头痛、痛经、手术后痛、创伤后痛等。
【用法用量】
口服
（1）成人常用量：
①抗风湿，初始剂量一次25～50mg，一日2～3次，一日最大量不应超过150mg。
②镇痛，首剂一次25～50mg，继之25mg，一日3次，直到疼痛缓解，可停药；
③退热，一次6.25～12.5mg，一日不超过3次。
（2）小儿常用量：一日按体重1.5～2.5mg/kg，分3～4次。待有效后减至最低量。
【不良反应】
本品的不良反应较多。
①胃肠道：出现消化不良、胃痛、胃烧灼感、恶心反酸等症状，出现溃疡、胃出血及胃穿孔；
②神经系统：出现头痛、头晕、焦虑及失眠等，严重者可有精神行为障碍或抽搐等；
③肾：出现血尿、水肿、肾功能不全，在老年人多见；
④各型皮疹，最严重的为大疱性多形红斑（Stevens-Johnson综合征），
⑤造血系统受抑制而出现再生障碍性贫血，白细胞减少或血小板减少等；
⑥过敏反应，哮喘，血管性水肿及休克等。
【禁忌症】 活动性溃疡病、溃疡性结肠炎及病史者，癫痫，帕金森病及精神病患者，肝肾功能不全者，对本品或对阿司匹林或其他非甾体抗炎药过敏者，血管神经性水肿或支气管哮喘者禁用。
【注意事项】
（1）交叉过敏反应：本品与阿司匹林有交叉过敏性．由阿司匹林过敏引起的喘息病人，应用本品时可引起支气管痉挛。对其他非甾体抗炎、镇痛药过敏者也可能对本品过敏。
（2）本品解热作用强，通常1次服6.25mg或12.5mg即可迅速大幅度退热，故应防止大汗和虚脱，补充足量液体，
（3）本品因对血小板聚集有抑制作用，可使出血时间延长，停药后此作用可持续1天，用药期间血尿素氮及血肌酐含量也常增高。
（4）下列情况应慎用：
①本品能导致水钠潴留，故心功能不全及高血压等患者应慎用；
②因本品可使出血时间延长．加重出血倾向，故血友病及其他出血性疾病患者应慎用，此外，本品对造血系统有抑制作用，再生障碍性贫血、粒细胞减少等患者也应慎用。
（6）用药期间应定期随访检查：
①血象及肝、肾功能；
②个案报道提及本品能导致角膜沉着及视网膜改变(包括黄斑病变)，遇有视力模糊时应立即作眼科检查。
（6）为减少药物对胃肠道的刺激，本品宜于饭后服用或与食物或制酸药同服。
（7）本品不能控制疾病过程的进展，故必须同时应用能使疾病过程改善的药物。由于本品的毒副反应较大，治疗关节炎一般已不作首选用药，仅在其他非甾体药无效时才考虑应用。
【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】
（1）本品用于妊娠的后3个月时可使胎儿动脉导管闭锁，引起持续性肺动脉高压，孕妇禁用。
（2）本品可自乳汁排出，对婴儿可引起毒副反应．哺乳期妇女禁用。
【儿童用药】 14岁以下小儿一般不宜应用此药，如必须应用时应密切观察，以防止严重不良反应的发生。
【老年患者用药】 老年患者易发生肾脏毒性，应慎用。
【药物过量】 用量过大(尤其是一日超过150mg时)容易引起毒性反应，如恶心、呕吐、紧张性头痛、嗜睡、精神行为障碍等，采用催吐或洗胃，对症及支持治疗。
【规格】 25mg
【贮藏】 遮光，密封保存。
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产地国家: 美国
所属类别: 骨科药物->类风湿关节炎
原产地英文商品名:
Indocin 50MGx30capsules
原产地英文药品名:
Indomethacin
中文参考商品译名:
Indocin 50毫克x30胶囊/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
氯苯酰甲氧基甲基吲哚乙酸
生产厂家英文名:
Lvax pharmaceuticals,Inc
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