部分中文DIFLUCAN处方资料（仅供参考）

药品名称
药物名称：大扶康
英文名：Diflucan
别名: 大扶康；氟康唑；麦尼芬；麦道氟康
外文名：Fluconazole, Diflucan

药理作用
本品为新型三唑类抗真菌药，是真菌甾醇合成的强效特异性抑制剂，对真菌细胞色素P－450依赖酶的抑制作用具有高度选择性。口服和静脉注射对各种动物真菌感染模型有效。

药代动力学
静脉注射或口服的药代动力学性质相似。口服吸收良好，在禁食条件下，口服后0.5－1.5小时血浆浓度达峰值，血浆药物浓度可达同剂量药物静注后浓度的90%以上，剂量与血药浓度成正比。血浆消除半衰期接近30小时。口服吸收率不受进食影响。每日一次，多剂量给药后，血浆浓度约在4－5天达稳态浓度的90%。第一天给予每日常规剂量的2倍后，血浆浓度可在第二天接近稳态浓度的90%。表观分布容积接近体内水份总量，血浆蛋白结合率低（11－12%）。
本品能很好渗透到人体的各种体液中。在唾液和痰液中的浓度与血浆浓度接近。在真菌性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液中，药物浓度接近其血浆浓度的80%。
主要通过肾脏排泄，约80%剂量的药物在尿中以原形排出。其清除率与肌酐清除率成正比。未发现循环代谢产物。

适应症
隐球菌病，包括隐球菌性脑膜炎及其他部位的隐球菌感染；
系统性念珠菌病，包括念珠菌血症、播散性念珠菌病及其他形式的侵入性念珠菌感染；
粘膜念珠菌病，包括口咽部、食道、非侵入性支气管肺部感染，念珠菌尿症，皮肤粘膜和口腔慢性萎缩性念珠菌病；
生殖系统念珠菌病，包括急性或复发性阴道念珠菌病。预防接受化疗或放疗的恶性肿瘤易感患者的真菌感染；
皮肤真菌病，包括体癣、股癣、足癣、花斑癣、甲癣和皮肤念珠菌感染；
免疫功能正常者的深部地方性真菌病。

用法用量
每日剂量应依据真菌感染的性质和严重程度确定。单剂量对大多数阴道念珠菌病患者治疗有效。对那些需要多剂量治疗的感染应持续用药，直到临床指征或实验室检查结果表明活动性真菌感染已消退为止。疗程不足可导致急性感染的复发。
艾滋病和隐球菌脑膜炎或复发性口咽部念珠菌病患者常需要维持治疗，以预防疾病复发。
成人隐球菌性脑膜炎和其他部位隐球菌感染：第1天400 mg，随后200-400 mg/日，疗程视临床和真菌学疗效而定，但对隐球菌性脑膜炎，疗程一般至少为6－8周。
念珠菌血症、播散性念珠菌病及其他侵袭性念珠菌感染：第1天400 mg，以后200-400 mg/日，根据临床反应可增至400 mg/日，疗程根据临床反应而定。
口咽部念珠菌病：50-100 mg，每日1次，连服7－14天。对免疫功能严重缺陷患者必要时可延长疗程。
对除生殖系念珠菌病以外的其它粘膜念珠菌感染：50-100 mg，每日1次，连用14－30天。
阴道念珠菌病：单剂量口服150 mg。为减少复发性念珠菌病的发生，可使用150 mg，每月一次。
预防念珠菌病: 推荐剂量为50-400 mg，每日1次。对有系统感染高危因素的患者，推荐剂量为400 mg，每日1次。
包括体癣、股癣、足癣和其他念珠菌感染在内的皮肤感染：推荐剂量为150 mg，每周1次或50 mg，每日1次，疗程一般为2-4周，足癣可治疗至6周。
指/趾甲癣：推荐剂量为150 mg，每周1次。疗程2-4个月，视病情可适用延长疗程。
肾功能不全患者单剂量用药不需调整剂量，对接受多剂量治疗者（包括儿童），首剂给予饱和剂量50-400 mg，此后按肌酐清除率调整用药剂量。老年人如无肾功能损害表现，应使用常规推荐剂量。
儿童疗程以临床和真菌学疗效而定。每日用药剂量不应超过成人最大用药量，应每日单剂量给药。
粘膜念珠菌病：每日推荐剂量为3 mg/kg，第一天可使用饱和剂量6 mg/kg。
系统性念珠菌病和隐球菌脑膜炎：根据疾病的严重程度，每日推荐剂量为6-12 mg/kg。
预防免疫损伤者-化疗或放疗后中性粒细胞减少患儿的真菌感染，根据中性粒细胞减少出现时间的长短和期限，剂量应为每日3-12 mg/kg。
年龄<2周的患儿，按年龄较大患儿用药剂量，每72小时给药一次；年龄为3-4周的患儿，相同剂量每48小时给药一次。给药方法可口服给药，也可以不超过10 mL/分的速度静脉滴注，给药途径视患者临床状况而定。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！

用药须知
静脉注射液可与下列注射用溶液配伍：20%葡萄糖溶液，乳酸钠林格注射液，Hartmann氏溶液，含氯化钾的葡萄糖溶液，4.2%重碳酸钠，混合氨基酸溶液，生理用水。不推荐在静脉注射前，与其他任何药物混合。从静脉改为口服给药时，不需要改变每日用药剂量；反过来也是如此。由于静脉注射液为为盐水稀释液，如患者需要重新调整钠盐和液体摄入量，应明确给出所用液体的比例。

不良反应
人对本品通常耐受良好。在临床试验中观察到的本品最常见的不良反应为头痛，皮疹，腹痛，腹泻，腹胀，恶心，碱性磷酸酶、胆红素、SGOT和SGPT升高。

禁忌症
对氟康唑或其他三唑类药物过敏者禁用。接受400 mg/日或更高剂量多剂量治疗者禁止同时使用特非那定。接受本品治疗者禁止同服西沙必利。

注意事项
对应用过程中有肝功能异常的患者，应监视是否有更严重的肝损害发生。如患者的临床症状和体征持续出现提示为与本品有关的肝病，应停药。如浅部真菌感染患者出现了与本品有关的皮疹，或患者出现了大疤性损害或多形性红斑，应停药 ；如侵袭性/系统性真菌感染患者出现了皮疹，应对其严密监视。应对同时服用本品（<400 mg/日）和特非那定的患者进行严密监视。极少报道发生过敏反应。本品不太可能损害患者的驾驶和操作能力。

孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药
妊娠妇女应避免使用本品，除非患者患有严重、甚至威胁生命的真菌感染，并且预期的治疗益处超过对胎儿潜在的危害时，才可考虑使用本品。不推荐哺乳妇女使用本品。

药物相互作用
本品可使服用华法令的健康男性志愿者凝血酶原时间延长，建议严密监测同时使用香豆素类抗凝血药患者的凝血酶原时间。
健康志愿者同时口服磺酰脲类药物后，本品显示能延长其血清半衰期，糖尿病患者可同时使用本品和口服磺酰脲类药物，但应警惕患者发生低血糖的可能性。
使用本品的健康志愿者同时服用多剂量氢氯噻嗪后，可使本品血浆浓度增加40%。
本品和苯妥英钠合用时，可使苯妥英钠的血药浓度升高到具有临床意义的水平，如需合用两药时，应监测苯妥英钠的血药浓度，并调整苯妥英钠的剂量使其血药浓度维持在治疗水平。
应用多剂量本品时，不会影响同时服用的口服避孕药的效果。
与利福平合用时，可导本品的曲线下面积减少25%，并使其半衰期缩短20%，对合用利福平的患者，应考虑增加本品的剂量。
建议对合用环孢菌素和本品的患者，应监测其环孢菌素的血浆浓度。
接受高剂量茶碱治疗或具有其它茶碱中毒危险的患者，在合用本品时应注意观察其茶碱中毒症状；如果出现中毒症状，应相应调整用药方案。由于合用特非那定和三唑类抗真菌药的患者发生了严重心律失常－继发性QTc间期延长，因此禁止400 mg或更高剂量的本品与特非那定合用。当本品每日服用剂量低于400 mg并与特非那定合用时，应严密监测特非那定的血药浓度。
同时服用本品和西沙必利的患者可出现心脏不良反应，包括尖端扭转型心动过速。
本品与利福布丁合用可引起利福布丁血清浓度升高，也可引起葡萄膜炎，应对合用两药的患者严密监视。
本品与他克莫司合用可引起他克莫司血清浓度升高，也可引起肾毒性，应对合用两药的患者严密监视。
本品与齐多夫定合用可升高齐多夫定的血药浓度，对同时服用两药的患者应监视齐多夫定相关性不良反应的发生。
同时服用西沙必利，阿司米唑，利福布丁，他克莫司，或其他通过细胞色素P-450系统代谢的药物时，可导致这些药物血清浓度升高。在缺乏明确资料的情况下，当与本品合用时，应谨慎使用这些药物。应严密监视患者。
当本品与食物，西咪替丁和抗酸药同服时，或因患者需要骨髓移植接受人体全辐射治疗后服用氟康唑时，并未出现本品有明显临床意义的吸收障碍。医生应对其它尚未研究但可能发生的药物相互作用引起注意。

药物过量
已有用药过量的病例报道。对用药过量的患者，应给予对症疗法（支持疗法；必要时洗胃）。强迫利尿可能增加本品的清除率。3小时的血液透析可使血浆浓度降低约50%。

DIFLUCAN®
(fluconazole) Tablets
(fluconazole) Injection - for Intravenous Infusion only
(fluconazole) for Oral Suspension
What is Diflucan?
Diflucan (fluconazole ) is an antifungal antibiotic.
Diflucan is used to treat infections caused by fungus, which can invade any part of the body including the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, bladder, genital area, and the blood.

Diflucan is also used to prevent fungal infection in people with weak immune systems caused by cancer treatment, bone marrow transplant, or diseases such as AIDS.
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What is the most important information I should know about Diflucan?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to Diflucan, or similar drugs such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin), econazole (Spectazole), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), sertaconazole (Ertaczo), sulconazole (Exelderm), terconazole (Terazol), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), or voriconazole (Vfend). Do not use Diflucan if you are also taking cisapride (Propulsid) or terfenadine (Seldane).
Before taking Diflucan, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, a heart rhythm disorder, or a history of "Long QT syndrome.
Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Diflucan will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
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What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Diflucan?
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to Diflucan, or similar drugs such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin), econazole (Spectazole), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), sertaconazole (Ertaczo), sulconazole (Exelderm), terconazole (Terazol), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), or voriconazole (Vfend). Do not use Diflucan if you are also taking cisapride (Propulsid).
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Diflucan
liver disease;
kidney disease;
a heart rhythm disorder; or
a personal or family history of "Long QT syndrome.
If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Diflucan.
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Diflucan is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Diflucan can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby
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How should I take Diflucan?
Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your dose will depend on the infection you are treating. Vaginal infections are often treated with only one pill.
For other infections, your first dose may be a double dose. Carefully follow your doctors instructions. Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve.
Take this medicine with a full glass of water. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Diflucan will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Store the tablets at room temperature away from moisture and heat. You may store liquid Diflucan in a refrigerator, but do not allow it to freeze. Throw away any leftover liquid medicine that is more than 2 weeks old.
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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Symptoms of a Diflucan overdose may include confusion or unusual thoughts or behavior.
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What should I avoid while taking Diflucan?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are using Diflucan
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What are the possible side effects of Diflucan?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;
severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness; or
seizure (convulsions).
Less serious Diflucan side effects may include:
mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or upset stomach;
headache;
dizziness;
unusual or unpleasant taste in your mouth; or
skin rash or itching.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Diflucan side effects in more detail
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What other drugs will affect Diflucan?
Before taking Diflucan, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin);
clopidogrel (Plavix);
cyclosporine (Gengraf, Sandimmune, Neoral);
an oral diabetes medicine such as glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide(Diabeta,Micronase,Glynase),tolbutamide (Orinase), tolazamide (Tolinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and others;
rifabutin (Mycobutin) or rifampin (Rifadin, Rifater, Rifamate, Rimactane);
a sedative such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), or midazolam (Versed);
seizure medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin) or valproic acid (Depakene);
tacrolimus ((Prograf); or
theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair, Theochron, Elixophyllin, Slo-Phyllin, others).
If you are using any of these drugs, you may not be able to use Diflucan, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
There may be other drugs not listed that can affect Diflucan. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about Diflucan.
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What does my medication look like?
Fluconazole is available with a prescription under the brand name Diflucan. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.
Diflucan 50 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan 100 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan 150 mg pink, oval tablets
Diflucan 200 mg pink, trapezoidal tablets
Diflucan Suspension 10 mg/mL orange-flavored suspension
Diflucan Suspension 40 mg/mL orange-flavored suspension
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United
States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist
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原产地英文商品名:
DIFLUCAN INJ 0.4g/200ml/200piggyback
原产地英文药品名:
FLUCONAZOLE/SALINE
中文参考商品译名:
大扶康注射剂 0.4克/200毫升/200醅
中文参考药品译名:
氟康唑/盐溶液
生产厂家中文参考译名:
辉瑞
生产厂家英文名:
PFIZER