部分中文kenalog处方资料（仅供参考）
【药物过量】可引起类肾上腺皮质功能亢进综合症。
【贮藏】遮光，密闭保存。
【性状】
本品为微细颗粒的混悬液，静置后微细颗粒下沉，振摇后成均匀的乳白色混悬液。
药理毒理
本品为肾上腺皮质激素类药物 。具有抗炎、抗过敏和抑制免疫等多种药理作用。
(1)抗炎作用：糖皮质激素减轻和防止组织对炎症的反应，从而减轻炎症的表现。
(2)免疫抑制作用：防止或抑制细胞中介的免疫反应，延迟性的过敏反应，并减轻原发免疫反应的扩展。
(3)抗毒、抗休克作用：糖皮质激素能对抗细菌内毒素对机体的刺激反应，减轻细胞损伤，发挥保护机体的作用。
【药代动力学】
肌注后数小时内生效。经1-2日达最大效应，作用可维持2-3周。
【适应症】
适用于各种皮肤病、过敏性鼻炎、关节痛、支气管哮喘、肩周炎、腱鞘炎、滑膜炎、急性扭伤、类风湿【用法用量】性关节炎等。
肌注： 一周一次，一次20-100mg 关节腔或皮下注射：一般一次2.5-5mg
孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药：
（1） 妊娠期用药：糖皮质激素可通过胎盘。动物实验研究证实孕期给药可增加胚胎腭裂，胎盘功能不全、自发性流产和子宫内生长发育迟缓的发生率。人类使用药理剂量的糖皮质激素可增加胎盘功能不全、新生儿体重减少或死胎的发生率。
（2） 哺乳期用药：由于糖皮质激素可由乳汁中排泄，对婴儿造成不良影响，如生长受抑制、肾上腺皮质功能抑制等。孕妇及哺乳期妇女在权衡利弊情况下，尽可能避免使用。
儿童用药：小儿如长期使用肾上腺皮质激素，须十分慎重。
老年患者用药：老年患者用糖皮质激素易发生高血压和糖尿病。老年患者尤其是更年期后的女性应用糖皮质激素易加重骨质疏松。
【不良反应】
糖皮质激素在应用生理剂量替代治疗时无明显不良反应，不良反应多发生在应用药药理剂量时，而且与疗程、剂量、用药种类、用法及给药途径等有密切关系。常见不良反应有以下几类：
1.长程使用可引起以下副作用：医源性库欣综合症面容和体态、体重增加、下肢浮肿、紫纹、易出血倾向、创口愈合不良、痤疮、月经紊乱、肱或股骨头缺血性坏死、骨质疏松及骨折（包括脊椎压缩性骨折、长骨病理性骨折）、肌无力、肌萎缩、低血钾综合征、胃肠道刺激（恶心、呕吐）、胰腺炎、消化性溃疡或穿孔，儿童生长受到抑制、青光眼、白内障、良性颅内压升高综合征、糖耐量减退和糖尿病加重。
2.患者可出现精神症状：欣快感、激动、谵妄、不安、定向力障碍，也可表现为抑制。精神症状由易发生与患慢性消耗性疾病的人及以往有过精神不正常者。
3.并发感染为肾上腺皮质激素的主要不良反应。以真菌、结核菌、葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌和各种疱疹病毒为主。
4.糖皮质激素停药综合征。有时患者在停药后出现头晕、昏厥倾向、腹痛或背痛、低热、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、肌肉或关节疼痛、头疼、乏力、软弱，经仔细检查如能排除肾上腺皮质功能减退和原来疾病的复燃，则可考虑为对糖皮质激素的依赖综合征。
【禁忌症】
对本品及甾体激素类药物过敏者禁用，以下疾病患者一般不宜使用，特殊情况下应权衡利弊使用，注意病情恶化的可能：严重的精神病（过去或现在）和癫痫，活动性消化性溃疡病，新近胃肠吻合手术，骨折，创伤修复期，角膜溃疡，肾上腺皮质机能亢进症，高血压，糖尿病，孕妇，抗菌药物不能控制的感染如水痘、麻疹、霉菌感染、较重的骨质疏松症等。
注意事项
诱发感染：在激素作用下，原来已被控制的感染可活动起来，最常见者为结核感染复发。在某些感染时应用激素可减轻组织的破坏、减少渗出、减轻感染中毒症状，但必须同时用有效的抗生素治疗、密切观察病情变化，在短期用药后，即应迅速减量、停药。
对诊断的干扰
（1） 糖皮质激素可使血糖、血胆固醇和血脂肪酸、血钠水平升高、使血钙、血钾下降。
（2） 对外周血象的影响为淋巴细胞、真核细胞及嗜酸、嗜碱细胞数下降，多核白细胞和血小板增加，后者也可下降。
（3） 长期大剂量服用躺皮质激素可使皮肤试验结果呈假阴性，如结核菌素试验、组织胞浆菌素试验和过敏反应皮试等。
（4） 还可使甲状腺131I摄取率下降，减弱促甲状腺激素（TSH）对TSH释放素（TRH）刺激的反应，使TRH兴奋实验结果呈假阳性。干扰促黄体生成素释放素（LHRH）兴奋试验的结果。
（5） 使同位素脑和骨显象减弱或稀疏。
【慎用】
心脏病或急性心力衰竭、糖尿病、憩室炎、情绪不稳定和有精神病倾向、全身性真菌感染、青光眼、肝功能损害、眼单纯性疱疹、高脂蛋白血症、高血压、甲减（此时糖皮质激素作用增强）、重症肌无力、骨质疏松、胃溃疡、胃炎或食管炎、肾功能损害或结石、结核病等。
随访检查
长期应用糖皮质激素者，应定期检查以下项目：
（1） 血糖、尿糖或糖耐量试验，尤其是糖尿病或糖尿病倾向者。
（2） 小儿应定期检测生长和发育情况。
（3） 眼科检查，注意白内障、青光眼或眼部感染的发生。
（4） 血清电解质和大便隐血。
（5） 高血压和骨质疏松的检查，尤以老年人为然。
【药物相互作用】
⑴非甾体消炎镇痛药可加强其致溃疡作用。
⑵可增强对乙酰氨基酚的肝毒性。
⑶与两性霉素B或碳酸酐酶抑制剂合用，可加重低钾血症，长期与碳酸酐酶抑制剂合用，易发生低血钙和骨质疏松。
⑷与蛋白质同化激素合用，可增加水肿的发生率，使痤疮加重。
⑸与抗胆碱能药（如阿托品）长期合用，可致眼压增高。
⑹三环类抗抑郁药可使其引起的精神症状加重。
⑺与降糖药如胰岛素合用时，因可使糖尿病患者血糖升高，应适当调整降糖药剂量。
⑻甲状腺激素可使其代谢清除率增加，故甲状腺激素或抗甲状腺药与其合用,应适当调整后者的剂量。
⑼与避孕药或雌激素制剂合用，可加强其治疗作用和不良反应。
⑽与强心苷合用，可增加洋地黄毒性及心律紊乱的发生。
⑾与排钾利尿药合用，可致严重低血钾，并由于水钠潴留而减弱利尿药的排钠利尿效应。
⑿与麻黄碱合用，可增强其代谢清除。
⒀与免疫抑制剂合用，可增加感染的危险性，并可能诱发淋巴瘤或其他淋巴细胞增生性疾病。
⒁可增加异烟肼在肝脏代谢和排泄，降低异烟肼的血药浓度和疗效。
⒂可促进美西律在体内代谢，降低血药浓度。
⒃与水杨酸盐合用，可减少血浆水杨酸盐的浓度。
⒄与生长激素合用，可抑制后者的促生长作用。

KENALOG-triamcinolone acetonide aerosol, spray
Ranbaxy Laboratories Inc.
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(0.147 mg/g)
Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP
Rx only
For dermatologic use only
Not for ophthalmic use
DESCRIPTION
The topical corticosteroids constitute a class of primarily synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory and antipruritic agents. The steroids in this class include triamcinolone acetonide. Triamcinolone acetonide is designated chemically as 9-Fluoro-11β, 16α, 17 , 21-tetrahydroxypregna-1 ,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone. Graphic formula:

A two-second application, which covers an area approximately the size of the hand, delivers an amount of triamcinolone acetonide not exceeding 0.2 mg. After spraying, the nonvolatile vehicle remaining on the skin contains approximately 0.2% triamcinolone acetonide. Each gram of spray provides 0.147 mg triamcinolone acetonide in a vehicle of isopropyl palmitate, dehydrated alcohol (10.3%), and isobutane propellant.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Topical corticosteroids share anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive actions.
The mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the topical corticosteroids is unclear. Various laboratory methods, including vasoconstrictor assays, are used to compare and predict potencies and/or clinical efficacies of the topical corticosteroids. There is some evidence to suggest that a recognizable correlation exists between vasoconstrictor potency and therapeutic efficacy in man.
Pharmacokinetics
The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings.
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in’ the skin increase percutaneous absorption. Occlusive dressings substantially increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. Thus, occlusive dressings may be a valuable therapeutic adjunct for treatment of resistant dermatoses (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Kenalog Spray (Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol USP) is indicated for relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Topical corticosteroids are contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components of the preparations.
PRECAUTIONS
General
Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in some patients.
Conditions which augment systemic absorption include the application of the more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, prolonged use, and the addition of occlusive dressings.
Therefore, patients receiving a large dose of any potent topical steroid applied to a large surface area or under an occlusive dressing should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression by using the urinary free cortisol and ACTH stimulation tests, and for impairment of thermal homeostasis. If HPA axis suppression or elevation of the body temperature occurs, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, substitute a less potent steroid, or use a sequential approach when utilizing the occlusive technique.
Recovery of HPA axis function and thermal homeostasis are generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug. Infrequently, signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. Occasionally, a patient may develop a sensitivity reaction to a particular occlusive dressing material or adhesive and a substitute material may be necessary.
Children may absorb proportionally larger amounts of topical corticosteroids and thus be more susceptible to systemic toxicity (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use).
If irritation develops, topical corticosteroids should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.
In the presence of dermatological infections, the use of an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be instituted. If a favorable response does not occur promptly, the corticosteroid should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled.
Information for the Patient
Patients using topical corticosteroids should receive the following information and instructions:
This medication is to be used as directed by the physician. It is for external use only; avoid contact with the eyes and inhalation of the spray.
Patients should be advised not to use this medication for any disorder other than for which it was prescribed.
The treated skin area should not be bandaged or otherwise covered or wrapped as to be occlusive unless directed by the physician.
Patients should report any signs of local adverse reactions especially under occlusive dressing.
Parents of pediatric patients should be advised not to use tight-fitting diapers or plastic pants on a child being treated in the diaper area, as these garments may constitute occlusive dressings.
Laboratory Tests
A urinary free cortisol test and ACTH stimulation test may be helpful in evaluating HPA axis suppression.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential or the effect on fertility of topical corticosteroids.
Studies to determine mutagenicity with prednisolone and hydrocortisone showed negative results.
Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects
Category C. Corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. The more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women on teratogenic effects from topically applied corticosteroids. Therefore, topical corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Drugs of this class should not be used extensively on pregnant patients, in large amounts, or for prolonged periods of time.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether topical administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in breast milk. Systemically administered corticosteroids are secreted into breast milk in quantities not likely to have a deleterious effect on the infant. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised when topical corticosteroids are administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
Pediatric patients may demonstrate greater susceptibility to topical corticosteroid-induced HPA axis suppression and Cushing’s syndrome than mature patients because of a larger skin surface area to body weight ratio.
HPA axis suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, low plasma cortisol ievels, and absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.
Administration of topical corticosteroids to children should be limited to the least amount compatible with an effective therapeutic regimen. Chronic corticosteroid therapy may interfere with the growth and development of children.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following local adverse reactions are reported infrequently with topical corticosteroids, but may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings (reactions are listed in an approximate decreasing order of occurrence): burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria.
OVERDOSAGE
Topically applied corticosteroids can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects (see PRECAUTIONS, General).
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Directions for use of the spray can are provided on the label. The preparation may be applied to any area of the body, but when it is sprayed about the face, care should be taken to see that the eyes are covered, and that inhalation of the spray is avoided.
Three or four applications daily of Kenalog Spray (Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol) are generally adequate.
Occlusive Dressing Technique
Occlusive dressings may be used for the management of psoriasis or other recalcitrant conditions. Spray a small amount of the preparation onto the lesion, cover with a pliable nonporous film, and seal the edges. If needed, additional moisture may be provided by covering the lesion with a dampened clean cotton cloth before the nonporous film is applied or by briefly wetting the affected area with water immediately prior to applying the medication. The frequency of changing dressings is best determined on an individual basis. It may be convenient to apply the spray under an occlusive dressing in the evening and to remove the dressing in the morning (i.e., 12-hour occlusion). When utilizing the 12-hour occlusion regimen, additional spray should be applied, without occlusion, during the day. Reapplication is essential at each dressing change.
If an infection develops, the use of occlusive dressings should be discontinued and appropriate antimicrobial therapy instituted.
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
KENALOG AEROSOL SPRAY 63g/bottle
原产地英文药品名:
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE
中文参考商品译名:
康宁克喷雾剂 63克/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
曲安奈德
生产厂家中文参考译名:
APOTHECON
生产厂家英文名:
APOTHECON