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他克莫司软膏Protopic(tacrolimus ointment)

2013-04-11 00:04:43  作者:新特药房  来源:互联网  浏览次数:2167  文字大小:【】【】【
简介: 英文药名: Protopic(tacrolimus ointment) 中文药名: 他克莫司软膏(普特皮) 药品名称普特彼(Protopic)又名他克莫司软膏。 他克莫司(Tacrolimus,商品名Protopic,普特彼),是从日本发现的链霉菌s ...

英文药名: Protopic(tacrolimus ointment)

中文药名: 他克莫司软膏(普特皮)

药品名称
普特彼(Protopic)又名他克莫司软膏。
他克莫司(Tacrolimus,商品名Protopic,普特彼),是从日本发现的链霉菌streptomyces tsukubaens 培养液中提取的大环内酯类抗生素,外用制剂为0.03%和0.1%软膏。
作用机制  
其治疗作用和毒副作用都是通过抑制细胞增殖的信号传导通道而产生的。他克莫司与特异性胞浆内免疫亲和蛋白(FKBP-12)结合后,抑制T细胞内钙依赖性信号传导途径,从而阻止IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5以及其他细胞因子如GM-CSF、TNF-α、IFN-γ的转录与合成。体外研究显示,他克莫司可以降低从正常人体皮肤分离出的朗格罕斯细胞对T细胞的刺激活性,同时还可以抑制皮肤肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞释放炎性介质[1-3]。临床资料显示外用他克莫司后其血药浓度很低,其持续时间非常短暂。尚无证据表明长期(1年)外用治疗的成人与儿童患者会出现他克莫司的蓄积。他克莫司主要在肝脏经CYP 3A4代谢。成人和儿童反复外用他克莫司软膏的平均半衰期分别为75 h和65 h。
适应症
*特应性皮炎(AD)
特应性皮炎(异位性皮炎)是一种顽固性、炎症性的慢性皮肤病,好发于婴幼儿及青少年,发病部位遍及脸、颈、手肘、四肢背侧等,由于患处反复发作且瘙痒难耐,对个人甚至家庭的生活质量可能产生严重影响。在美国的3项临床研究(2项为成年人,1项为儿童)中,使用0.03%或0.1%他克莫司软膏的治疗组中,临床总体评估改善率≥90%的患者比例较安慰剂组高出4~5倍。在美国和欧洲的两项长疗程(1年)、开放的临床试验中,对0.1% 他克莫司软膏进行评价,结果均在用药1周内显现疗效,并且在随后的1年时间里病情持续获得改善,未出现长期用药而疗效随之降低的征象。  
*银屑病
试验证明局部应用免疫调节剂对临床前T细胞介导的皮肤病模型有很好疗效。由于T细胞活化是银屑病的关键病因之一,所以使用他克莫司治疗银屑病有效。系统应用他克莫司治疗各种严重的、复发性银屑病已取得良效。一项16例的慢性斑块状银屑病白人患者自身对照临床试验中,选择分散性的小斑块皮损外用他克莫司,每2~3天封包1次,疗程2周。结果使用他克莫司的皮损处的红斑、浸润、表层血流和皮肤厚度均有显著改善;而使用倍他米松、卡泊三醇或安慰剂都未出现皮肤的上述变化。
*皮炎、湿疹
局部免疫调节剂他克莫司皮肤局部应用对皮炎、湿疹可以有很好的疗效,而无外用糖皮质激素的不良反应。在对出汗不良性掌部湿疹的随机单盲、自身对照临床试验中,0.1%他克莫司软膏与0.1%糠酸莫米松软膏进行比较,结果2周后两组出汗不良症状的面积和严重指数均减少50%以上。
*扁平苔藓
扁平苔藓是一种亚急性或慢性炎症性皮肤病,表现为紫红色的多角形丘疹,病因不明,以往的治疗方法疗效不佳。扁平苔藓可能是由T细胞介导的炎症性皮肤病,提示可用局部免疫调节剂治疗。在一项19例患者,疗程8周的开放性临床试验中,外用0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗顽固性糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓。结果用药1周后患者的临床症状即有明显改善,8周后溃疡面积平均缩小73.3%,但停药后2~5周内有68.4%患者复发。因此,延长治疗时间可能是重要的。
*坏疽性脓皮病
坏疽性脓皮病病因不明,以疼痛、迅速扩大的溃疡为主要特征。Reich等对2例坏疽性脓皮病患者使用0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗。其中1例于开始时单用他克莫司(2次/d)以治疗早期溃疡,3周后治愈。对以后新发皮损外用他克莫司软膏,结合口服环孢素治疗,也取得了良好效果,并减少了环孢素的用量。另1例在开始就以外用他克莫司软膏(1次/d)结合口服环孢素治疗,3周后停用他克莫司,5周后溃疡面缩小一半,再随访5个月未见复发。可见对于坏疽性脓皮病,早期的溃疡可单用他克莫司软膏治疗,晚期可联合用系统免疫抑制剂,在停用系统免疫抑制剂后,可外用他克莫司软膏,以预防复发。
*其他
目前已有报道外用他克莫司软膏治疗的皮肤疾病中,可能有效的包括由皮质激素引起的酒渣鼻,斑秃,白癜风,鱼鳞病,结节病,移植物抗宿主病,良性淋巴细胞浸润症等。
用法用量  
该种钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂可用于全身体表的任何部位,包括头面部、颈部、屈侧部和擦破的部位,但不能用于粘膜。将药物在受累皮肤局部涂一薄层,轻柔地充分涂擦,2次/d,直到症状和体征消失。停药后若症状和体征再次出现,应立即重新开始使用,以预防病情加重。通常在开始治疗1周内即出现病情改善。
不良反应  
长期使用他克莫司软膏既无外用糖皮质激素产生的副作用,也没有全身性免疫抑制的副作用。最常见的是用药部位出现皮肤刺激症状,如烧灼感、瘙痒和红斑,这些反应通常发生于治疗早期,一般为轻度或中度,且持续时间短,治疗开始1周内趋于消退。其他常见的皮肤刺激症状包括皮肤敏感性增加、皮肤刺痛感。酒精不耐受(饮用含酒精饮料后出现面部潮红或皮肤刺激)也较常见。
注意事项
(1)不能用于黏膜部位。避免与眼睛及其他黏膜接触。若不小心接触到这些部位时,应将其彻底擦除和/或用水冲洗。
(2)不能用于急性皮肤病毒感染(单纯疱疹、水痘等)部位。
(3)不推荐使用封包治疗。治疗期间,应尽量减少暴露在日光下,并避免使用紫外线灯、UVB或光化学(PUVA)治疗。建议患者采取适当的日光防护措施,并穿适当衣服遮盖皮肤。
(4)特应性皮炎患者易患浅表皮肤感染,包括疱疹性湿疹。外用他克莫司或吡美莫司治疗也可能使皮肤单纯疱疹病毒感染或疱疹性湿疹(表现为水疱和糜烂)快速播散发生的危险性增加。当出现皮肤单纯疱疹病毒感染时,应暂时中止在感染部位用药,待病毒感染清除后方可重新使用。
(5)如果用于非手部治疗,患者用药后应洗手。
(6)妊娠期不宜使用。哺乳期不推荐使用。


Protopic(他克莫司)治疗白癜风的介绍
Protopic(商品名),化学名他克莫司(Tacrolimus,又名FK506),是由日本藤泽公司生产的局部用免疫抑制剂。

他克莫司的治疗白癜风作用和毒副作用都是通过抑制细胞增殖的信号传导信道而产生的。T淋巴细胞是他克莫司作用的主要靶细胞,通过抑制早期淋巴细胞相关基因的表达,从而抑制T淋巴细胞的免疫活性。他克莫司也能抑制皮肤肥大细胞IgE介导的释放组织胺的作用,这可能也是治疗皮肤病的重要理论基础之一。实验研究发现,局部应用他克莫司可抑制唑酮(oxazolone)诱导的局部淋巴结细胞(LNC)的增殖。
最近,有人外用他克莫司治疗白癜风取得了成功。Tanghetti等用0.1%他克莫司软膏每日2次对15例患者(包括5例成年人)进行了为期9个月的治疗。疗程结束时有13例患者色素完全再生,1例出现50%-70%的色素再生,9例出现0-25%的色素再生。疗效一般在治疗6-8周时出现,且与季节、发病部位有关,在光暴露部位如头、颈部效果最好,肤色较黑者效果也较好。所有患者都能耐受治疗。局部不良反应和安全性在动物实验中,外用0.03%-0.3%他克莫司软膏52周未发现皮肤组织的超微结构改变;人体局部应用他克莫司在2期及3期临床试验证明是相当安全的,在表皮中无药物累积;在人体的临床试验中,仅有暂时性的轻度刺激作用,如红斑、轻度烧灼感等,未出现持久的刺激反应、过敏、光毒反应、光过敏性反应。离体研究中未发现对角质形成细胞产生影响,也未发现影响皮肤胶原的合成。与皮质类固醇相比,它无皮肤萎缩、毛细血管扩张、膨胀纹等,也无色素减退、皮肤功能紊乱等不良反应。在欧洲的一项多中心研究中,外用他克莫司时平均血清浓度为0.1mg/ml,即使大面积使用高浓度(0.3%)他克莫司时,血清中的浓度也是低的,保持在0.18-0.32mg/ml之间,与移植患者中>5-20mg/ml的浓度相比是安全的,局部应用不会出现全身用药后引起的全身感染、高血压、高血糖、肾毒性、神经毒性和肿瘤形成等。不同的文献报道他克莫司外用于小儿也相当安全,而且已有人用0.1%的浓度在2-15岁的儿童身上使用1年以上,未出现新的或严重的不良反应,长期使用可能是安全的。
使用他克莫司治疗白癜风的常见不良反应包括:皮肤灼烧、瘙痒,或者有痒觉,皮肤发红。这些不良反应一般持续时间较短,在治疗几天后反应会逐渐减轻。


Protopic(tacrolimus)
What is Protopic?

 

Protopic is an ointment that contains the active substance tacrolimus (0.1% and 0.03%).
What is Protopic used for?
Protopic is used to treat ‘flare-ups’ (recurrence or worsening) of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (eczema, an itchy red rash of the skin). ‘Atopic’ means that the dermatitis is linked to an allergy. Protopic is used in patients aged two years and above who do not respond well to or do not tolerate conventional treatments such as locally applied corticosteroids.
Protopic can also be used to prevent flare-ups of the disease or prolong the time that patients are free from flare-ups. In maintenance treatment, it is used in patients who usually have four or more flare-ups per year and who have had a response to an initial
course of Protopic used twice a day for up to six weeks.
While Protopic 0.03% can be used in all patients over two years of age, Protopic 0.1% is only used in adults and adolescents over 16 years of age.
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription.
How is Protopic used?
Protopic should be prescribed by a doctor with experience in the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis. The ointment should be applied as a thin layer to the skin.
When used for flare-ups, Protopic can be used for short-term and intermittent long-term treatment, but it should not be used continuously on a long-term basis. Protopic treatment should begin as soon as symptoms appear. Each affected area is treated twice a day with Protopic until the skin is clear. Generally, improvement is seen within one week of starting treatment.
If there is no improvement after two weeks, the doctor should consider other treatment options.
Children should use Protopic 0.03% twice a day for up to three weeks before reducing the frequency to once a day.
Adults should start treatment with Protopic 0.1% twice a day but should switch to less frequent application or use of the lower strength (0.03%) as the condition improves.
When used as maintenance treatment, Protopic should be applied twice a week to areas of the skin commonly affected by the disease.
If there are signs of a flare-up, treatment should revert to twice a day as above. The doctor should review the need to continue maintenance treatment after a year. In children, this should include suspension of treatment to allow the doctor to assess whether continued treatment for the disease is necessary.
How does Protopic work?
The way in which Protopic works in atopic dermatitis is not fully understood. The active substance in Protopic, tacrolimus, is an immunomodulator.
This means that it works on the immune system (the body’s natural defences). Tacrolimus has been used since the mid-1990s to help prevent rejection in transplant patients (when the immune system attacks the transplanted organ). In atopic dermatitis,
an over-reaction of the skin’s immune system causes skin inflammation (itchiness, redness and dryness). Tacrolimus reduces the activity of the immune system, helping to relieve the skin inflammation and the itching.
How has Protopic been studied?
The use of Protopic in the treatment of flare-ups has been studied in six main studies involving 1,202 patients over the age of 16 years, and 1,535 aged from two to 16 years. Protopic was compared either with placebo (a dummy treatment) or with hydrocortisone (a
corticosteroid often used for eczema). The main measure of effectiveness was the improvement in the eczema seen at the end of the studies, after three or 12 weeks, using a scoring system that looks at all of the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Another study looked at the repeated use of Protopic for up to four years in about 800 patients.
Maintenance treatment with Protopic has been studied in two main studies involving 224 patients aged 16 years or over, and 250 aged from two to 15 years. All of the patients had atopic dermatitis that had responded to a maximum of six weeks of previous treatment with Protopic. The studies compared twice-weekly Protopic with placebo,
although both groups of patients could use Protopic whenever they had a flare-up of the disease.
The main measure of effectiveness was the number of flare-ups the patients had over a year.
What benefit has Protopic shown during the studies?
In the treatment of flare-ups of atopic dermatitis, Protopic was more effective than hydrocortisone at producing improvements in symptoms, although it also produced more burning than hydrocortisone.
In the longer study, Protopic could be used repeatedly without losing its effectiveness.
In maintenance treatment, Protopic was more effective than placebo at reducing the number of flare-ups.
In both studies, the patients with moderate to severe disease who were using Protopic had an average of one flare-up over a year, compared with three in those using placebo.
What is the risk associated with Protopic?
The most common side effects with Protopic (seen in more than 1 patient in 10) are a burning sensation and itching at the application site. For the full list of all the side effects reported with Protopic, see the package leaflet.
Protopic should not be used in people who may be hypersensitive(allergic) to tacrolimus, any of the other ingredients or macrolides.
Why has Protopic been approved?
The CHMP decided that Protopic’s benefits are greater than its risks and recommended that it be given marketing authorisation.
Other information about Protopic
The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Protopic on 28 February 2002.
For more information about treatment with Protopic, read the package leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist.
附件:
20126319110634.PDF


--------------------------------------------------------------
注:以下产品不同规格和不同价格,购买时以咨询为准
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.1% OINTMENT 60G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.1%软膏 60克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.1% OINTMENT 30G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.1%软膏 30克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.1% OINTMENT 100G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.1%软膏 100克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.03% OINTMENT 30G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.03%软膏 30克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.03% OINTMENT 60G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.03%软膏 60克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
--------------------------------------------------------------
产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
PROTOPIC 0.03% OINTMENT 100G/TUBE
原产地英文药品名:
TACROLIMUS
中文参考商品译名:
普特皮0.03%软膏 100克/管
中文参考药品译名:
他克莫司
生产厂家中文参考译名:
安斯泰来
生产厂家英文名:
ASTELLAS
该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.protopic.com/
该药品相关信息网址2:
www.drugs.com/protopic.html
该药品相关信息网址3:
www.rxlist.com/protopic-drug.htm

责任编辑:admin


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