英文药名：HERCEPTIN(TRASTUZUMAB)

中文药名：赫赛汀（注射用曲妥珠单抗）

生产厂家：Roche
药品介绍：
作用机制
曲妥珠单抗是一种重组DNA 衍生的人源化单克隆抗体，特异性地作用于人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)的细胞外部位。此抗体含人IgG1 框架，互补决定区源自鼠抗p185 HER2 抗体，能够与HER2 绑定。
HER2 原癌基因或C-erbB2 编码一个单一的受体样跨膜蛋白，分子量185kDa，其结构上与表皮生长因子受体相关。在原发性乳腺癌患者中观察到有25%-30%的患者HER2 过度表达。HER2 基因扩增的结果是这些肿瘤细胞表面HER2 蛋白表达增加，导致HER2 受体活化。
曲妥珠单抗在体外及动物实验中均显示可抑制HER2 过度表达的肿瘤细胞的增殖。另外，曲妥珠单抗是抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒反应（ADCC）的潜在介质。在体外研究中，曲妥珠单抗介导的ADCC 被证明在HER2 过度表达的癌细胞中比HER2 非过度表达的癌细胞中更优先产生。
致癌作用、突变、对生育的损害未检测曲妥珠单抗的致癌潜能。
在标准 Ames 细菌和人外周血淋巴细胞致突变试验中，曲妥珠单抗浓度达到5000μg/mL时，未观察到致突变反应。在体内微核试验中，快速静脉注射达到 118mg/kg 的曲妥珠单抗后，未有观察到小鼠骨髓细胞染色体损害的证据。
生育研究在雌性猕猴体内完成，曲妥珠单抗每周给药剂量高达人类维持剂量 2mg/kg 的25 倍，未发现生育受损。曲妥珠单抗对男性生育能力的影响未进行研究。
适应证和用途
赫赛汀是一种HER2/neu受体拮抗剂适用于；
（1）HER2过度表达乳癌的治疗。
（2）HER2-过度表达的转移胃或胃食管连接部腺癌是治疗。
剂量和给药方法
只为静脉(IV)输注。不要给予IV推注或大丸给药.
HER2-过度表达的乳癌的辅助治疗。
给予或:
（1）初始剂量4mg/kg历时90分钟IV输注，然后2mg/kg历时30分钟IV输注每周共52周，或
（2）初始剂量8mg/kg历时90分钟IV输注，然后6mg/kg历时30?90分钟IV输注每三周共52周。
转移HER2-过度表达的乳癌。
初始剂量4 mg/kg历时90分钟IV输注接着随后每周剂量2mg/kg历时30分钟IV输注。
转移HER2-过度表达的胃癌。
初始剂量8 mg/kg历时90分钟IV输注，接着每3周6mg/kg历时30至90分钟IV输注。
剂型和规格
多次给药小瓶标示含440mg赫赛汀冻干，无菌粉。
禁忌证
无。
警告和注意事项
（1）心肌病
（2）输注反应
（3）化疗-诱发中性粒细胞减少的加重。
（4）肺毒性。
（5）通过证实有能力的实验室用FDA批准试验进行测试HER2。
（6）胚胎-胎儿毒性
不良事件
乳癌辅助治疗
最常见不良事件(≥ 5%)是头痛，腹泻，恶心，和寒战。
转移乳癌
最常见不良事件(> 10%)是发热，寒战，头痛，感染，充血性心衰，失眠，咳嗽，和皮疹。
转移胃癌
最常见不良事件( ≥10%)是中性粒细胞减少，腹泻，疲劳，贫血，口炎，体重减轻，上呼吸道感染，发热，血小板减少，粘膜炎症，鼻咽炎，和味觉障碍。
在特殊人群中的使用
哺乳母亲：终止哺乳或终止赫赛汀。
厂家：德国（Roche）

Herceptin 150mg Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion
1. Name of the medicinal product
Herceptin 150 mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion
2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
One vial contains 150 mg of trastuzumab, a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by affinity and ion exchange chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures.
The reconstituted Herceptin solution contains 21 mg/mL of trastuzumab.
For a full list of excipients, (see section 6.1).
3. Pharmaceutical form
Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion.
White to pale yellow lyophilised powder.
4. Clinical particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer
Herceptin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer: (MBC):
- as monotherapy for the treatment of those patients who have received at least two chemotherapy regimens for their metastatic disease. Prior chemotherapy must have included at least an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments. Hormone receptor positive patients must also have failed hormonal therapy, unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments.
- in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease and for whom an anthracycline is not suitable.
- in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease.
- in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor positive MBC, not previously treated with trastuzumab.
Early breast cancer
Herceptin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with HER2 positive early breast cancer. (EBC).
- following surgery, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant) and radiotherapy (if applicable) (see section 5.1).
- following adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel.
- in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel and carboplatin.
- in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant Herceptin therapy, for locally advanced (including inflammatory) disease or tumours > 2 cm in diameter (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic or early breast cancer whose tumours have either HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification as determined by an accurate and validated assay (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Metastatic gastric cancer
Herceptin in combination with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with HER2 positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastro-esophageal junction who have not received prior anti-cancer treatment for their metastatic disease.
Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) whose tumours have HER2 overexpression as defined by IHC2+ and a confirmatory SISH or FISH result, or by an IHC 3+ result. Accurate and validated assay methods should be used (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
4.2 Posology and method of administration
HER2 testing is mandatory prior to initiation of therapy (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Herceptin treatment should only be initiated by a physician experienced in the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy (see section 4.4), and should be administered by a healthcare professional only.
It is important to check the product labels to ensure that the correct formulation (intravenous or subcutaneous fixed dose) is being administered to the patient, as prescribed. Herceptin intravenous formulation is not intended for subcutaneous administration and should be administered via an intravenous infusion only.
Limited information is currently available on switches from one formulation to the other.
In order to prevent medication errors it is important to check the vial labels to ensure that the drug being prepared and administered is Herceptin (trastuzumab) and not trastuzumab emtansine.
Posology
Metastatic breast cancer
Three-weekly schedule
The recommended initial loading dose is 8 mg/kg body weight. The recommended maintenance dose at three-weekly intervals is 6 mg/kg body weight, beginning three weeks after the loading dose.
Weekly schedule
The recommended initial loading dose of Herceptin is 4 mg/kg body weight. The recommended weekly maintenance dose of Herceptin is 2 mg/kg body weight, beginning one week after the loading dose.
Administration in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel
In the pivotal trials (H0648g, M77001), paclitaxel or docetaxel was administered the day following the first dose of Herceptin (for dose, see the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for paclitaxel or docetaxel) and immediately after the subsequent doses of Herceptin if the preceding dose of Herceptin was well tolerated.
Administration in combination with an aromatase inhibitor
In the pivotal trial (BO16216) Herceptin and anastrozole were administered from day 1. There were no restrictions on the relative timing of Herceptin and anastrozole at administration (for dose, see the SmPC for anastrozole or other aromatase inhibitors).
Early breast cancer
Three-weekly and weekly schedule
As a three-weekly regimen the recommended initial loading dose of Herceptin is 8 mg/kg body weight. The recommended maintenance dose of Herceptin at three-weekly intervals is 6 mg/kg body weight, beginning three weeks after the loading dose.
As a weekly regimen (initial loading dose of 4 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg every week) concomitantly with paclitaxel following chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.
See section 5.1 for chemotherapy combination dosing.
Metastatic gastric cancer
Three-weekly schedule
The recommended initial loading dose is 8 mg/kg body weight. The recommended maintenance dose at three-weekly intervals is 6 mg/kg body weight, beginning three weeks after the loading dose.
Breast cancer and gastric cancer
Duration of treatment
Patients with MBC or MGC should be treated with Herceptin until progression of disease.
Patients with EBC should be treated with Herceptin for 1 year or until disease recurrence, whichever occurs first; extending treatment in EBC beyond one year is not recommended (see section 5.1).
Dose reduction
No reductions in the dose of Herceptin were made during clinical trials. Patients may continue therapy during periods of reversible, chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression but they should be monitored carefully for complications of neutropenia during this time. Refer to the SmPC for paclitaxel, docetaxel or aromatase inhibitor for information on dose reduction or delays.
If left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) drops ≥ 10 ejection fraction (EF) points from baseline AND to below 50 %, treatment should be suspended and a repeat LVEF assessment performed within approximately 3 weeks. If LVEF has not improved, or declined further, or symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) has developed, discontinuation of Herceptin should be strongly considered, unless the benefits for the individual patient are deemed to outweigh the risks. All such patients should be referred for assessment by a cardiologist and followed up.
Missed doses
If the patient misses a dose of Herceptin by one week or less, then the usual maintenance dose (weekly regimen: 2 mg/kg; three-weekly regimen: 6 mg/kg) should be given as soon as possible. Do not wait until the next planned cycle. Subsequent maintenance doses (weekly regimen: 2 mg/ kg; three-weekly regimen: 6 mg/kg respectively) should then be given according to the previous schedule.
If the patient misses a dose of Herceptin by more than one week, a re-loading dose of Herceptin should be given over approximately 90 minutes (weekly regimen: 4 mg/kg; three-weekly regimen: 8 mg/kg). Subsequent Herceptin maintenance doses (weekly regimen: 2 mg/kg; three-weekly regimen 6 mg/kg respectively) should then be given (weekly regimen: every week; three-weekly regimen every 3 weeks) from that point.
Special populations
Dedicated pharmacokinetic studies in older people and those with renal or hepatic impairment have not been carried out. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, age and renal impairment were not shown to affect trastuzumab disposition.
Paediatric population
There is no relevant use of Herceptin in the paediatric population.
Method of administration
Herceptin loading dose should be administered as a 90-minute intravenous infusion. Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus. Herceptin intravenous infusion should be administered by a health-care provider prepared to manage anaphylaxis and an emergency kit should be available. Patients should be observed for at least six hours after the start of the first infusion and for two hours after the start of the subsequent infusions for symptoms like fever and chills or other infusion-related symptoms (see sections 4.4 and 4.8). Interruption or slowing the rate of the infusion may help control such symptoms. The infusion may be resumed when symptoms abate.
If the initial loading dose was well tolerated, the subsequent doses can be administered as a 30-minute infusion.
For instructions on reconstitution of Herceptin intravenous formulation before administration, see section 6.6.
4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to trastuzumab, murine proteins, or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
• Severe dyspnoea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy or requiring supplementary oxygen therapy.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
In order to improve traceability of biological medicinal products, the trade name of the administered product should be clearly recorded (or stated) in the patient file.
HER2 testing must be performed in a specialised laboratory which can ensure adequate validation of the testing procedures (see section 5.1).
Currently no data from clinical trials are available on re-treatment of patients with previous exposure to Herceptin in the adjuvant setting.
Cardiac dysfunction
General considerations
Patients treated with Herceptin are at increased risk for developing CHF) (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II-IV) or asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction. These events have been observed in patients receiving Herceptin therapy alone or in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel, particularly following anthracycline (doxorubicin or epirubicin) containing chemotherapy. These may be moderate to severe and have been associated with death (see section 4.8). In addition, caution should be exercised in treating patients with increased cardiac risk, e.g. hypertension, documented coronary artery disease, CHF, LVEF of <55%, older age.
All candidates for treatment with Herceptin, but especially those with prior anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC) exposure, should undergo baseline cardiac assessment including history and physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and/or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Monitoring may help to identify patients who develop cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac assessments, as performed at baseline, should be repeated every 3 months during treatment and every 6 months following discontinuation of treatment until 24 months from the last administration of Herceptin. A careful risk-benefit assessment should be made before deciding to treat with Herceptin.
Because the half-life of trastuzumab is approximately 28 - 38 days trastuzumab may persist in the circulation for up to 27 weeks after stopping Herceptin treatment. Patients who receive anthracyclines after stopping Herceptin may possibly be at increased risk of cardiac dysfunction. If possible, physicians should avoid anthracycline-based therapy for up to 27 weeks after stopping Herceptin. If anthracyclines are used, the patient's cardiac function should be monitored carefully.
Formal cardiological assessment should be considered in patients in whom there are cardiovascular concerns following baseline screening. In all patients cardiac function should be monitored during treatment (e.g. every 12 weeks). Monitoring may help to identify patients who develop cardiac dysfunction. Patients who develop asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction may benefit from more frequent monitoring (e.g. every 6 - 8 weeks). If patients have a continued decrease in left ventricular function, but remain asymptomatic, the physician should consider discontinuing therapy if no clinical benefit of Herceptin therapy has been seen.
The safety of continuation or resumption of Herceptin in patients who experience cardiac dysfunction has not been prospectively studied. If LVEF drops ≥10 ejection fraction (EF) points from baseline AND to below 50%, treatment should be suspended and a repeat LVEF assessment performed within approximately 3 weeks. If LVEF has not improved, or declined further, or symptomatic CHF has developed, discontinuation of Herceptin should be strongly considered, unless the benefits for the individual patient are deemed to outweigh the risks. All such patients should be referred for assessment by a cardiologist and followed up.
If symptomatic cardiac failure develops during Herceptin therapy, it should be treated with standard medicinal products for CHF. Most patients who developed CHF or asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction in pivotal trials improved with standard CHF treatment consisting of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and a beta-blocker. The majority of patients with cardiac symptoms and evidence of a clinical benefit of Herceptin treatment continued on therapy without additional clinical cardiac events.
Metastatic breast cancer
Herceptin and anthracyclines should not be given concurrently in combination in the MBC setting.
Patients with MBC who have previously received anthracyclines are also at risk of cardiac dysfunction with Herceptin treatment, although the risk is lower than with concurrent use of Herceptin and anthracyclines.
Early breast cancer
For patients with EBC, cardiac assessments, as performed at baseline, should be repeated every 3 months during treatment and every 6 months following discontinuation of treatment until 24 months from the last administration of Herceptin. In patients who receive anthracycline containing chemotherapy further monitoring is recommended, and should occur yearly up to 5 years from the last administration of Herceptin, or longer if a continuous decrease of LVEF is observed.
Patients with history of myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris requiring medical treatment, history of or existing CHF (NYHA II –IV), LVEF of < 55%, other cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia requiring medical treatment, clinically significant cardiac valvular disease, poorly controlled hypertension (hypertension controlled by standard medical treatment eligible), and hemodynamic effective pericardial effusion were excluded from adjuvant and neoadjuvant EBC pivotal trials with Herceptin and therefore treatment cannot be recommended in such patients.
Adjuvant treatment
Herceptin and anthracyclines should not be given concurrently in combination in the adjuvant treatment setting.
In patients with EBC an increase in the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic cardiac events was observed when Herceptin was administered after anthracycline-containing chemotherapy compared to administration with a non-anthracycline regimen of docetaxel and carboplatin and was more marked when Herceptin was administered concurrently with taxanes than when administered sequentially to taxanes. Regardless of the regimen used, most symptomatic cardiac events occurred within the first 18 months. In one of the 3 pivotal studies conducted in which a median follow-up of 5.5 years was available (BCIRG006) a continuous increase in the cumulative rate of symptomatic cardiac or LVEF events was observed in patients who were administered Herceptin concurrently with a taxane following anthracycline therapy up to 2.37% compared to approximately 1% in the two comparator arms (anthracycline plus cyclophosphamide followed by taxane and taxane, carboplatin and Herceptin).
Risk factors for a cardiac event identified in four large adjuvant studies included advanced age (> 50 years), low LVEF (<55%) at baseline, prior to or following the initiation of paclitaxel treatment, decline in LVEF by 10-15 points, and prior or concurrent use of anti-hypertensive medicinal products. In patients receiving Herceptin after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy the risk of cardiac dysfunction was associated with a higher cumulative dose of anthracycline given prior to initiation of Herceptin and a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2.
Neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment
In patients with EBC eligible for neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment, Herceptin should be used concurrently with anthracyclines only in chemotherapy-naive patients and only with low-dose anthracycline regimens i.e. maximum cumulative doses of doxorubicin 180 mg/m2 or epirubicin 360 mg/m2.
If patients have been treated concurrently with a full course of low-dose anthracyclines and Herceptin in the neoadjuvant setting, no additional cytotoxic chemotherapy should be given after surgery. In other situations, the decision on the need for additional cytotoxic chemotherapy is determined based on individual factors.
Experience of concurrent administration of trastuzumab with low dose anthracycline regimens is currently limited to two trials. Herceptin was administered concurrently with neoadjuvant chemotherapy that contained three to four cycles of an anthracycline (cumulative doxorubicin dose 180 mg/m2 or epirubicin dose 300 mg/m2). The incidence of symptomatic cardiac dysfunction was low in the Herceptin arms (up to 1.7 %).
Clinical experience is limited in patients above 65 years of age.
Infusion-related reactions, (IRRs) and hypersensitivity
Serious IRRs to Herceptin infusion including dyspnoea, hypotension, wheezing, hypertension, bronchospasm, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, reduced oxygen saturation, anaphylaxis, respiratory distress, urticaria and angioedema have been reported (see section 4.8). Pre-medication may be used to reduce risk of occurrence of these events. The majority of these events occur during or within 2.5 hours of the start of the first infusion. Should an infusion reaction occur the infusion should be discontinued or the rate of infusion slowed and the patient should be monitored until resolution of all observed symptoms (see section 4.2). These symptoms can be treated with an analgesic/antipyretic such as meperidine or paracetamol, or an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine. The majority of patients experienced resolution of symptoms and subsequently received further infusions of Herceptin. Serious reactions have been treated successfully with supportive therapy such as oxygen, beta-agonists, and corticosteroids. In rare cases, these reactions are associated with a clinical course culminating in a fatal outcome. Patients experiencing dyspnoea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy and comorbidities may be at increased risk of a fatal infusion reaction. Therefore, these patients should not be treated with Herceptin (see section 4.3).
Initial improvement followed by clinical deterioration and delayed reactions with rapid clinical deterioration have also been reported. Fatalities have occurred within hours and up to one week following infusion. On very rare occasions, patients have experienced the onset of infusion symptoms and pulmonary symptoms more than six hours after the start of the Herceptin infusion. Patients should be warned of the possibility of such a late onset and should be instructed to contact their physician if these symptoms occur.
Pulmonary events
Severe pulmonary events have been reported with the use of Herceptin in the post-marketing setting (see section 4.8). These events have occasionally been fatal. In addition, cases of interstitial lung disease including lung infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pleural effusion, respiratory distress, acute pulmonary oedema and respiratory insufficiency have been reported. Risk factors associated with interstitial lung disease include prior or concomitant therapy with other anti-neoplastic therapies known to be associated with it such as taxanes, gemcitabine, vinorelbine and radiation therapy. These events may occur as part of an infusion-related reaction or with a delayed onset. Patients experiencing dyspnoea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy and comorbidities may be at increased risk of pulmonary events. Therefore, these patients should not be treated with Herceptin (see section 4.3). Caution should be exercised for pneumonitis, especially in patients being treated concomitantly with taxanes.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No formal drug interaction studies have been performed. Clinically significant interactions with the concomitant medication used in clinical trials have not been observed based on the results of a population PK analysis (HO407g, HO551g, HO649g, and HO648g).
Effect of trastuzumab on the pharmacokinetics of other antineoplastic agents
Pharmacokinetic data from studies BO15935 and M77004 in women with HER2-positive MBC suggest that exposure to paclitaxel and doxorubicin (and their major metabolites 6-α hydroxyl-paclitaxel, POH, and doxorubicinol, DOL) is not altered in the presence of trastuzumab (8 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg IV loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg q3w or 2 mg/kg q1w IV, respectively).
However, trastuzumab may elevate the overall exposure of one doxorubicin metabolite, (7-deoxy-13 dihydro-doxorubicinone, D7D). The bioactivity of D7D and the clinical impact of the elevation of this metabolite is unclear.
Data from study JP16003, a single-arm study of trastuzumab (4 mg/kg IV loading dose and 2 mg/kg IV weekly) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2 IV) in Japanese women with HER2- positive MBC, suggest that concomitant administration of trastuzumab has no effect on the single dose pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Study JP19959 was a substudy of BO18255 (ToGA) performed in male and female Japanese patients with advanced gastric cancer to study the pharmacokinetics of capecitabine and cisplatin when used with or without trastuzumab. The results of this small substudy suggested that the exposure to the bioactive metabolites (e.g. 5-FU) of capecitabine was not affected by concurrent use of cisplatin or by concurrent use of cisplatin plus trastuzumab. However, capecitabine itself showed higher concentrations and a longer half-life when combined with trastuzumab. The data also suggested that the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin were not affected by concurrent use of capecitabine or by concurrent use of capecitabine plus trastuzumab.
Effect of antineoplastic agents on trastuzumab pharmacokinetics
By comparison of simulated serum trastuzumab concentrations after trastuzumab monotherapy (4 mg/kg loading/2 mg/kg q1w IV) and observed serum concentrations in Japanese women with HER2- positive MBC (study JP16003) no evidence of a PK effect of concurrent administration of docetaxel on the pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab was found.
Comparison of PK results from two Phase II studies (BO15935 and M77004) and one Phase III study (H0648g) in which patients were treated concomitantly with Herceptin and paclitaxel and two Phase II studies in which Herceptin was administered as monotherapy (W016229 and MO16982), in women with HER2-positive MBC indicates that individual and mean Herceptin trough serum concentrations varied within and across studies but there was no clear effect of the concomitant administration of paclitaxel on the pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab.
The administration of concomitant anastrozole did not appear to influence the pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Women of childbearing potential
Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use effective contraception during treatment with Herceptin and for at least 7 months after treatment has concluded.
Pregnancy
Reproduction studies have been conducted in cynomolgus monkeys at doses up to 25 times that of the weekly human maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg Herceptin intravenous formulation and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus. Placental transfer of trastuzumab during the early (days 20–50 of gestation) and late (days 120–150 of gestation) foetal development period was observed. It is not known whether Herceptin can affect reproductive capacity. As animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Herceptin should be avoided during pregnancy unless the potential benefit for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the foetus.
In the post-marketing setting, cases of foetal renal growth and/or function impairment in association with oligohydramnios, some associated with fatal pulmonary hypoplasia of the foetus, have been reported in pregnant women receiving Herceptin. Women who become pregnant should be advised of the possibility of harm to the foetus. If a pregnant woman is treated with Herceptin, close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team is desirable.
Breast-feeding
A study conducted in lactating cynomolgus monkeys at doses 25 times that of the weekly human maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg Herceptin intravenous formulation demonstrated that trastuzumab is secreted in the milk. The presence of trastuzumab in the serum of infant monkeys was not associated with any adverse effects on their growth or development from birth to 1 month of age. It is not known whether trastuzumab is secreted in human milk. As human IgG1 is secreted into human milk, and the potential for harm to the infant is unknown, women should not breast-feed during Herceptin therapy and for 7 months after the last dose.
Fertility
There is no fertility data available.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Herceptin has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive or use machines. However, patients experiencing infusion-related symptoms (see section 4.4) should be advised not to drive and use machines until symptoms abate.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile
Amongst the most serious and/or common adverse reactions reported in Herceptin usage (intravenous and subcutaneous formulations) to date are cardiac dysfunction, infusion-related reactions, haematotoxicity (in particular neutropenia), infections and pulmonary adverse reactions.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
In this section, the following categories of frequency have been used: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
Presented in Table 1 are adverse reactions that have been reported in association with the use of intravenous Herceptin alone or in combination with chemotherapy in pivotal clinical trials and in the post-marketing setting.
All the terms included are based on the highest percentage seen in pivotal clinical trials.
Table 1 Undesirable Effects Reported with Intravenous Herceptin Monotherapy or in Combination with Chemotherapy in Pivotal Clinical Trials (N = 8386) and in Post-Marketing

System organ class	Adverse reaction	Frequency
Infections and infestations	Infection	Very common
	Nasopharyngitis	Very common
	Neutropenic sepsis	Common
	Cystitis	Common
	Herpes zoster	Common
	Influenza	Common
	Sinusitis	Common
	Skin infection	Common
	Rhinitis	Common
	Upper respiratory tract infection	Common
	Urinary tract infection	Common
	Erysipelas	Common
	Cellulitis	Common
	Pharyngitis	Common
	Sepsis	Uncommon
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl. Cysts and polyps)	Malignant neoplasm progression	Not known
	Neoplasm progression	Not known
Blood and lymphatic system disorders	Febrile neutropenia	Very common
	Anaemia	Very common
	Neutropenia	Very common
	White blood cell count decreased/leukopenia	Very common
	Thrombocytopenia	Very common
	Hypoprothrombinaemia	Not known
Immune system disorders	Hypersensitivity	Common
	+Anaphylactic reaction	Not known
	+Anaphylactic shock	Not known
Metabolism and nutrition disorders	Weight decreased/Weight loss	Very common
	Anorexia	Very common
	Hyperkalaemia	Not known
Psychiatric disorders	Insomnia	Very common
	Anxiety	Common
	Depression	Common
	Thinking abnormal	Common
Nervous system disorders	1Tremor	Very common
	Dizziness	Very common
	Headache	Very common
	Paraesthesia	Very common
	Dysgeusia	Very common
	Peripheral neuropathy	Common
	Hypertonia	Common
	Somnolence	Common
	Ataxia	Common
	Paresis	Rare
	Brain oedema	Not known
Eye disorders	Conjunctivitis	Very common
	Lacrimation increased	Very common
	Dry eye	Common
	Papilloedema	Not known
	Retinal haemorrhage	Not known
Ear and labyrinth disorders	Deafness	Uncommon
Cardiac disorders	1 Blood pressure decreased	Very common
	1 Blood pressure increased	Very common
	1 Heart beat irregular	Very common
	1Palpitation	Very common
	1Cardiac flutter	Very common
	Ejection fraction decreased*	Very common
	+Cardiac failure (congestive)	Common
	+1Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia	Common
	Cardiomyopathy	Common
	Pericardial effusion	Uncommon
	Cardiogenic shock	Not known
	Pericarditis	Not known
	Bradycardia	Not known
	Gallop rhythm present	Not known
Vascular disorders	Hot flush	Very common
	+1 Hypotension	Common
	Vasodilatation	Common
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders	+1Wheezing	Very common
	+Dyspnoea	Very common
	Cough	Very common
	Epistaxis	Very common
	Rhinorrhoea	Very common
	+Pneumonia	Common
	Asthma	Common
	Lung disorder	Common
	+Pleural effusion	Common
	Pneumonitis	Rare
	+Pulmonary fibrosis	Not known
	+Respiratory distress	Not known
	+Respiratory failure	Not known
	+Lung infiltration	Not known
	+Acute pulmonary oedema	Not known
	+Acute respiratory distress syndrome	Not known
	+Bronchospasm	Not known
	+Hypoxia	Not known
	+Oxygen saturation decreased	Not known
	Laryngeal oedema	Not known
	Orthopnoea	Not known
	Pulmonary oedema	Not known
	Interstitial lung disease	Not known
Gastrointestinal disorders	Diarrhoea	Very common
	Vomiting	Very common
	Nausea	Very common
	1 Lip swelling	Very common
	Abdominal pain	Very common
	Dyspepsia	Very common
	Constipation	Very common
	Stomatitis	Very common
	Pancreatitis	Common
	Haemorrhoids	Common
	Dry mouth	Common
Hepatobiliary disorders	Hepatocellular injury	Common
	Hepatitis	Common
	Liver tenderness	Common
	Jaundice	Rare
	Hepatic failure	Not known
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders	Erythema	Very common
	Rash	Very common
	1 Swelling face	Very common
	Alopecia	Very common
	Nail disorder	Very common
	Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome	Very common
	Acne	Common
	Dry skin	Common
	Ecchymosis	Common
	Hyperhydrosis	Common
	Maculopapular rash	Common
	Pruritus	Common
	Onychoclasis	Common
	Dermatitis	Common
	Urticaria	Uncommon
	Angioedema	Not known
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders	Arthralgia	Very common
	1Muscle tightness	Very common
	Myalgia	Very common
	Arthritis	Common
	Back pain	Common
	Bone pain	Common
	Muscle spasms	Common
	Neck Pain	Common
	Pain in extremity	Common
Renal and urinary disorders	Renal disorder	Common
	Glomerulonephritis membranous	Not known
	Glomerulonephropathy	Not known
	Renal failure	Not known
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions	Oligohydramnios	Not known
	Renal hypoplasia	Not known
	Pulmonary hypoplasia	Not known
Reproductive system and breast disorders	Breast inflammation/mastitis	Common
General disorders and administration site conditions	Asthenia	Very common
	Chest pain	Very common
	Chills	Very common
	Fatigue	Very common
	Influenza-like symptoms	Very common
	Infusion related reaction	Very common
	Pain	Very common
	Pyrexia	Very common
	Mucosal inflammation	Very common
	Peripheral oedema	Very common
	Malaise	Common
	Oedema	Common
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications	Contusion	Common

+ Denotes adverse reactions that have been reported in association with a fatal outcome.
1 Denotes adverse reactions that are reported largely in association with Infusion-related reactions. Specific percentages for these are not available.
* Observed with combination therapy following anthracyclines and combined with taxanes
Description of selected adverse reactions
Cardiac dysfunction
Congestive heart failure, NYHA II - IV is a common adverse reaction associated with the use of Herceptin and has been associated with a fatal outcome (see section 4.4). Signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction such as dyspnoea, orthopnoea, increased cough, pulmonary oedema, S3 gallop, or reduced ventricular ejection fraction, have been observed in patients treated with Herceptin (see section 4.4).
In 3 pivotal clinical trials of adjuvant trastuzumab given in combination with chemotherapy, the incidence of grade 3/4 cardiac dysfunction (specifically symptomatic Congestive Heart Failure) was similar in patients who were administered chemotherapy alone (ie did not receive Herceptin) and in patients who were administered Herceptin sequentially to a taxane (0.3-0.4 %). The rate was highest in patients who were administered Herceptin concurrently with a taxane (2.0 %). In the neoadjuvant setting, the experience of concurrent administration of Herceptin and low dose anthracycline regimen is limited (see section 4.4).
When Herceptin was administered after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy NYHA class III-IV heart failure was observed in 0.6 % of patients in the one-year arm after a median follow-up of 12 months. In study BO16348, after a median follow-up of 8 years the incidence of severe CHF (NYHA III & IV) in the Herceptin 1 year treatment armwas 0.8 %, and the rate of mild symptomatic and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction was 4.6 %.
Reversibility of severe CHF (defined as a sequence of at least two consecutive LVEF values ≥50 % after the event) was evident for 71.4 % of Herceptin-treated patients. Reversibility of mild symptomatic and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction was demonstrated for 79.5 % of patients. Approximately 17 % of cardiac endpoints occurred after completion of Herceptin.
In the pivotal metastatic trials of intravenous Herceptin, the incidence of cardiac dysfunction varied between 9 % and 12 % when it was combined with paclitaxel compared with 1 % – 4 % for paclitaxel alone. For monotherapy, the rate was 6 % – 9 %. The highest rate of cardiac dysfunction was seen in patients receiving Herceptin concurrently with anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (27 %), significantly higher than for anthracycline/cyclophosphamide alone (7 % – 10 %). In a subsequent trial with prospective monitoring of cardiac function, the incidence of symptomatic CHF was 2.2 % in patients receiving Herceptin and docetaxel, compared with 0 % in patients receiving docetaxel alone. Most of the patients (79 %) who developed cardiac dysfunction in these trials experienced an improvement after receiving standard treatment for CHF.
Infusion reactions, allergic-like reactions and hypersensitivity
It is estimated that approximately 40 % of patients who are treated with Herceptin will experience some form of infusion-related reaction. However, the majority of infusion-related reactions are mild to moderate in intensity (NCI-CTC grading system) and tend to occur earlier in treatment, i.e. during infusions one, two and three and lessen in frequency in subsequent infusions. Reactions include chills, fever, dyspnoea, hypotension, wheezing, bronchospasm, tachycardia, reduced oxygen saturation, respiratory distress, rash, nausea, vomiting and headache (see section 4.4). The rate of infusion-related reactions of all grades varied between studies depending on the indication, the data collection methodology, and whether trastuzumab was given concurrently with chemotherapy or as monotherapy.
Severe anaphylactic reactions requiring immediate additional intervention can occur usually during either the first or second infusion of Herceptin (see section 4.4) and have been associated with a fatal outcome.
Anaphylactoid reactions have been observed in isolated cases.
Haematotoxicity
Febrile neutropenia occurred very commonly. Commonly occurring adverse reactions included anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The frequency of occurrence of hypoprothrombinemia is not known. The risk of neutropenia may be slightly increased when trastuzumab is administered with docetaxel following anthracycline therapy.
Pulmonary events
Severe pulmonary adverse reactions occur in association with the use of Herceptin and have been associated with a fatal outcome. These include, but are not limited to, pulmonary infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pleural effusion, respiratory distress, acute pulmonary oedema and respiratory insufficiency (see section 4.4).
Details of risk minimisation measures that are consistent with the EU Risk Management Plan are presented in (section 4.4) Warnings and Precautions.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions (see details below).
Ireland
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Tel: +353 1 6764971
Fax: +353 1 6762517
Website: www.hpra.ie
e-mail: medsafety@hpra.ie
Malta
ADR Reporting
The Medicines Authority
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4.9 Overdose
There is no experience with overdose in human clinical trials. Single doses of Herceptin alone greater than 10 mg/kg have not been administered in the clinical trials. Doses up to this level were well tolerated.
5. Pharmacological properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic agents, monoclonal antibodies, ATC code: L01XC03
Trastuzumab is a recombinant humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Overexpression of HER2 is observed in 20 %-30 % of primary breast cancers. Studies of HER2-positivity rates in gastric cancer (GC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) have shown that there is a broad variation of HER2-positivity ranging from 6.8 % to 34.0 % for IHC and 7.1 % to 42.6 % for FISH. Studies indicate that breast cancer patients whose tumours overexpress HER2 have a shortened disease-free survival compared to patients whose tumours do not overexpress HER2. The extracellular domain of the receptor (ECD, p105) can be shed into the blood stream and measured in serum samples.
Mechanism of action
Trastuzumab binds with high affinity and specificity to sub-domain IV, a juxta-membrane region of HER2's extracellular domain. Binding of trastuzumab to HER2 inhibits ligand-independent HER2 signalling and prevents the proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular domain, an activation mechanism of HER2. As a result, trastuzumab has been shown, in both in vitro assays and in animals, to inhibit the proliferation of human tumour cells that overexpress HER2. Additionally, trastuzumab is a potent mediator of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vitro, trastuzumab-mediated ADCC has been shown to be preferentially exerted on HER2 overexpressing cancer cells compared with cancer cells that do not overexpress HER2.
Detection of HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification
Detection of HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer
Herceptin should only be used in patients whose tumours have HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification as determined by an accurate and validated assay. HER2 overexpression should be detected using an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based assessment of fixed tumour blocks (see section 4.4). HER2 gene amplification should be detected using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) or chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) of fixed tumour blocks. Patients are eligible for Herceptin treatment if they show strong HER2 overexpression as described by a 3+ score by IHC or a positive FISH or CISH result.
To ensure accurate and reproducible results, the testing must be performed in a specialised laboratory, which can ensure validation of the testing procedures.
The recommended scoring system to evaluate the IHC staining patterns is as stated in Table 2:
Table 2 Recommended Scoring System to Evaluate the IHC Staining Patterns in Breast Cancer

Score	Staining pattern	HER2 overexpression assessment
0	No staining is observed or membrane staining is observed in < 10 % of the tumour cells	Negative
1+	A faint/barely perceptible membrane staining is detected in > 10 % of the tumour cells. The cells are only stained in part of their membrane.	Negative
2+	A weak to moderate complete membrane staining is detected in > 10 % of the tumour cells.	Equivocal
3+	Strong complete membrane staining is detected in > 10 % of the tumour cells.	Positive

In general, FISH is considered positive if the ratio of the HER2 gene copy number per tumour cell to the chromosome 17 copy number is greater than or equal to 2, or if there are more than 4 copies of the HER2 gene per tumour cell if no chromosome 17 control is used.
In general, CISH is considered positive if there are more than 5 copies of the HER2 gene per nucleus in greater than 50 % of tumour cells.
For full instructions on assay performance and interpretation please refer to the package inserts of validated FISH and CISH assays. Official recommendations on HER2 testing may also apply.
For any other method that may be used for the assessment of HER2 protein or gene expression, the analyses should only be performed by laboratories that provide adequate state-of-the-art performance of validated methods. Such methods must clearly be precise and accurate enough to demonstrate overexpression of HER2 and must be able to distinguish between moderate (congruent with 2+) and strong (congruent with 3+) overexpression of HER2.
Detection of HER2 over expression or HER2 gene amplification in gastric cancer
Only an accurate and validated assay should be used to detect HER2 over expression or HER2 gene amplification. IHC is recommended as the first testing modality and in cases where HER2 gene amplification status is also required, either a silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) or a FISH technique must be applied. SISH technology is however, recommended to allow for the parallel evaluation of tumor histology and morphology. To ensure validation of testing procedures and the generation of accurate and reproducible results, HER2 testing must be performed in a laboratory staffed by trained personnel. Full instructions on assay performance and results interpretation should be taken from the product information leaflet provided with the HER2 testing assays used.
In the ToGA (BO18255) trial, patients whose tumours were either IHC3+ or FISH positive were defined as HER2 positive and thus included in the trial. Based on the clinical trial results, the beneficial effects were limited to patients with the highest level of HER2 protein overexpression, defined by a 3+ score by IHC, or a 2+ score by IHC and a positive FISH result.
In a method comparison study (study D008548) a high degree of concordance (>95 %) was observed for SISH and FISH techniques for the detection of HER2 gene amplification in gastric cancer patients.
HER2 over expression should be detected using an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based assessment of fixed tumour blocks; HER2 gene amplification should be detected using in situ hybridisation using either SISH or FISH on fixed tumour blocks.
The recommended scoring system to evaluate the IHC staining patterns is as stated in Table 3:
Table 3 Recommended Scoring System to Evaluate the IHC Staining Patterns in Gastric Cancer

Score	Surgical specimen - staining pattern	Biopsy specimen – staining pattern	HER2 overexpression assessment
0	No reactivity or membranous reactivity in < 10 % of tumour cells	No reactivity or membranous reactivity in any tumour cell	Negative
1+	Faint ⁄ barely perceptible membranous reactivity in ≥ 10 % of tumour cells; cells are reactive only in part of their membrane	Tumour cell cluster with a faint ⁄ barely perceptible membranous reactivity irrespective of percentage of tumour cells stained	Negative
2+	Weak to moderate complete, basolateral or lateral membranous reactivity in ≥ 10 % of tumour cells	Tumour cell cluster with a weak to moderate complete, basolateral or lateral membranous reactivity irrespective of percentage of tumour cells stained	Equivocal
3+	Strong complete, basolateral or lateral membranous reactivity in ≥ 10 % of tumour cells	Tumour cell cluster with a strong complete, basolateral or lateral membranous reactivity irrespective of percentage of tumour cells stained	Positive

In general, SISH or FISH is considered positive if the ratio of the HER2 gene copy number per tumour cell to the chromosome 17 copy number is greater than or equal to 2.

Clinical efficacy and safety
Metastatic breast cancer
Herceptin has been used in clinical trials as monotherapy for patients with MBC who have tumours that overexpress HER2 and who have failed one or more chemotherapy regimens for their metastatic disease (Herceptin alone).
Herceptin has also been used in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel for the treatment of patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. Patients who had previously received anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy were treated with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 infused over 3 hours) with or without Herceptin. In the pivotal trial of docetaxel (100 mg/m2 infused over 1 hour) with or without Herceptin, 60 % of the patients had received prior anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were treated with Herceptin until progression of disease.
The efficacy of Herceptin in combination with paclitaxel in patients who did not receive prior adjuvant anthracyclines has not been studied. However, Herceptin plus docetaxel was efficacious in patients whether or not they had received prior adjuvant anthracyclines.
The test method for HER2 overexpression used to determine eligibility of patients in the pivotal Herceptin monotherapy and Herceptin plus paclitaxel clinical trials employed immunohistochemical staining for HER2 of fixed material from breast tumours using the murine monoclonal antibodies CB11 and 4D5. These tissues were fixed in formalin or Bouin's fixative. This investigative clinical trial assay performed in a central laboratory utilised a 0 to 3+ scale. Patients classified as staining 2+ or 3+ were included, while those staining 0 or 1+ were excluded. Greater than 70 % of patients enrolled exhibited 3+ overexpression. The data suggest that beneficial effects were greater among those patients with higher levels of overexpression of HER2 (3+).
The main test method used to determine HER2 positivity in the pivotal trial of docetaxel, with or without Herceptin, was immunohistochemistry. A minority of patients was tested using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH). In this trial, 87 % of patients entered had disease that was IHC3+, and 95 % of patients entered had disease that was IHC3+ and/or FISH-positive.
Weekly dosing in metastatic breast cancer
The efficacy results from the monotherapy and combination therapy studies are summarised in Table 4:
Table 4 Efficacy Results from the Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Studies

Parameter	Monotherapy	Combination Therapy
	Herceptin1   N=172	Herceptin plus paclitaxel2 N=68	Paclitaxel2   N=77	Herceptin plus docetaxel3 N=92	Docetaxel3   N=94
Response rate (95 %CI)	18 % (13 - 25)	49 % (36 - 61)	17 % (9 - 27)	61 % (50-71)	34 % (25-45)
Median duration of response (months) (95 %CI)	9.1 (5.6-10.3)	8.3 (7.3-8.8)	4.6 (3.7-7.4)	11.7 (9.3 – 15.0)	5.7 (4.6-7.6)
Median TTP (months) (95 %CI)	3.2 (2.6-3.5)	7.1 (6.2-12.0)	3.0 (2.0-4.4)	11.7 (9.2-13.5)	6.1 (5.4-7.2)
Median Survival (months) (95 %CI)	16.4 (12.3-ne)	24.8 (18.6-33.7)	17.9 (11.2-23.8)	31.2 (27.3-40.8)	22.74 (19.1-30.8)

TTP = time to progression; "ne" indicates that it could not be estimated or it was not yet reached.
1. Study H0649g: IHC3+ patient subset
2. Study H0648g: IHC3+ patient subset
3. Study M77001: Full analysis set (intent-to-treat), 24 months results
Combination treatment with Herceptin and anastrozole
Herceptin has been studied in combination with anastrozole for first line treatment of MBC in HER2 overexpressing, hormone-receptor (i.e. estrogen-receptor (ER) and/or progesterone-receptor (PR)) positive postmenopausal patients. Progression free survival was doubled in the Herceptin plus anastrozole arm compared to anastrozole (4.8 months versus 2.4 months). For the other parameters the improvements seen for the combination were for overall response (16.5 % versus 6.7 %); clinical benefit rate (42.7 % versus 27.9 %); time to progression (4.8 months versus 2.4 months). For time to response and duration of response no difference could be recorded between the arms. The median overall survival was extended by 4.6 months for patients in the combination arm. The difference was not statistically significant, however more than half of the patients in the anastrozole alone arm crossed over to a Herceptin containing regimen after progression of disease.
Three -weekly dosing in metastatic breast cancer
The efficacy results from the non-comparative monotherapy and combination therapy studies are summarised in Table 5:
Table 5 Efficacy Results from the Non-Comparative Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Studies

Parameter	Monotherapy		Combination Therapy
	Herceptin1   N=105	Herceptin2   N=72	Herceptin plus paclitaxel3  N=32	Herceptin plus docetaxel4  N=110
Response rate (95 %CI)	24 % (15 - 35)	27 % (14 - 43)	59 % (41-76)	73 % (63-81)
Median duration of response (months) (range)	10.1 (2.8-35.6)	7.9 (2.1-18.8)	10.5 (1.8-21)	13.4 (2.1-55.1)
Median TTP (months) (95 %CI)	3.4 (2.8-4.1)	7.7 (4.2-8.3)	12.2 (6.2-ne)	13.6 (11-16)
Median Survival (months) (95 %CI)	ne	ne	ne	47.3 (32-ne)

TTP = time to progression; "ne" indicates that it could not be estimated or it was not yet reached.
1. Study WO16229: loading dose 8 mg/kg, followed by 6 mg/kg 3 weekly schedule
2. Study MO16982: loading dose 6 mg/kg weekly x 3; followed by 6 mg/kg 3-weekly schedule
3. Study BO15935
4. Study MO16419
Sites of progression
The frequency of progression in the liver was significantly reduced in patients treated with the combination of Herceptin and paclitaxel, compared to paclitaxel alone (21.8 % versus 45.7 %; p=0.004). More patients treated with Herceptin and paclitaxel progressed in the central nervous system than those treated with paclitaxel alone (12.6 % versus 6.5 %; p=0.377).
Early breast cancer (adjuvant setting)
Early breast cancer is defined as non-metastatic primary invasive carcinoma of the breast.
In the adjuvant setting, Herceptin was investigated in 4 large multicentre, randomised, trials.
- Study BO16348 was designed to compare one and two years of three-weekly Herceptin treatment versus observation in patients with HER2 positive EBC following surgery, established chemotherapy and radiotherapy (if applicable). In addition, comparison of two years versus one year Herceptin treatment was performed. Patients assigned to receive Herceptin were given an initial loading dose of 8 mg/kg, followed by 6 mg/kg every three weeks for either one or two years.
- The NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 studies that comprise the joint analysis were designed to investigate the clinical utility of combining Herceptin treatment with paclitaxel following AC chemotherapy, additionally the NCCTG N9831 study also investigated adding Herceptin sequentially to AC→P chemotherapy in patients with HER2 positive EBC following surgery.
- The BCIRG 006 study was designed to investigate combining Herceptin treatment with docetaxel either following AC chemotherapy or in combination with docetaxel and carboplatin in patients with HER2 positive EBC following surgery.
Early breast cancer in the HERA trial was limited to operable, primary, invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast, with axillary nodes positive or axillary nodes negative if tumors at least 1 cm in diameter.
In the joint analysis of the NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 studies, EBC was limited to women with operable breast cancer at high risk, defined as HER2-positive and axillary lymph node positive or HER2 positive and lymph node negative with high risk features (tumor size > 1 cm and ER negative or tumor size > 2 cm, regardless of hormonal status).
In the BCIRG 006 study HER2 positive, EBC was defined as either lymph node positive or high risk node negative patients with no (pN0) lymph node involvement, and at least 1 of the following factors: tumour size greater than 2 cm, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative, histological and/or nuclear grade 2-3, or age < 35 years).
The efficacy results from the BO16348 trial following 12 months* and 8 years** median follow-up are summarized in Table 6:
Table 6 Efficacy Results from Study BO16348

Median follow-up 12 months*		Median follow-up 8 years**
Parameter	Observation N=1693	Herceptin 1 Year  N = 1693	Observation N= 1697***	Herceptin 1 Year  N = 1702***
Disease-free survival
- No. patients with event	219 (12.9 %)	127 (7.5 %)	570 (33.6 %)	471 (27.7 %)
- No. patients without event	1474 (87.1 %)	1566 (92.5 %)	1127 (66.4 %)	1231 (72.3 %)
P-value versus Observation	< 0.0001		< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio versus Observation	0.54		0.76
Recurrence-free survival
- No. patients with event	208 (12.3 %)	113 (6.7 %)	506 (29.8 %)	399 (23.4 %)
- No. patients without event	1485 (87.7 %)	1580 (93.3 %)	1191 (70.2 %)	1303 (76.6 %)
P-value versus Observation	< 0.0001		< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio versus Observation	0.51		0.73
Distant disease-free survival
- No. patients with event	184 (10.9 %)	99 (5.8 %)	488 (28.8 %)	399 (23.4 %)
- No. patients without event	1508 (89.1 %)	1594 (94.6 %)	1209 (71.2 %)	1303 (76.6 %)
P-value versus Observation	< 0.0001		< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio versus Observation	0.50		0.76
Overall survival (death)
- No. patients with event	40 (2.4 %)	31 (1.8 %)	350 (20.6 %)	278 (16.3 %)
- No. patients without event	1653 (97.6 %)	1662 (98.2 %)	1347 (79.4 %)	1424 (83.7 %)
P-value versus Observation	0.24		0.0005
Hazard Ratio versus Observation	0.75		0.76

*Co-primary endpoint of DFS of 1 year versus observation met the pre-defined statistical boundary
**Final analysis (including crossover of 52 % of patients from the observation arm to Herceptin)
*** There is a discrepancy in the overall sample size due to a small number of patients who were randomized after the cut-off date for the 12-month median follow-up analysis
The efficacy results from the interim efficacy analysis crossed the protocol pre-specified statistical boundary for the comparison of 1-year of Herceptin versus observation. After a median follow-up of 12 months, the hazard ratio (HR) for disease free survival (DFS) was 0.54 (95 % CI 0.44, 0.67) which translates into an absolute benefit, in terms of a 2-year disease-free survival rate, of 7.6 percentage points (85.8 % versus 78.2 %) in favour of the Herceptin arm.
A final analysis was performed after a median follow-up of 8 years, which showed that 1 year Herceptin treatment is associated with a 24 % risk reduction compared to observation only (HR=0.76, 95 % CI 0.67, 0.86). This translates into an absolute benefit in terms of an 8 year disease free survival rate of 6.4 percentage points in favour of 1 year Herceptin treatment.
In this final analysis, extending Herceptin treatment for a duration of two years did not show additional benefit over treatment for 1 year [DFS HR in the intent to treat (ITT) population of 2 years versus 1 year=0.99 (95 % CI: 0.87, 1.13), p-value=0.90 and OS HR=0.98 (0.83, 1.15); p-value= 0.78]. The rate of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction was increased in the 2-year treatment arm (8.1 % versus 4.6 % in the 1-year treatment arm). More patients experienced at least one grade 3 or 4 adverse event in the 2-year treatment arm (20.4 %) compared with the 1-year treatment arm (16.3 %).
In the NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 studies Herceptin was administered in combination with paclitaxel, following AC chemotherapy.
Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide were administered concurrently as follows:
- intravenous push doxorubicin, at 60 mg/ m2, given every 3 weeks for 4 cycles.
- intravenous cyclophosphamide, at 600 mg/ m2 over 30 minutes, given every 3 weeks for 4 cycles.
Paclitaxel, in combination with Herceptin, was administered as follows:
- intravenous paclitaxel - 80 mg/m2 as a continuous intravenous infusion, given every week for 12 weeks.
or
- intravenous paclitaxel - 175 mg/m2 as a continuous intravenous infusion, given every 3 weeks for 4 cycles (day 1 of each cycle).
The efficacy results from the joint analysis of the NSABP B-31 and NCCTG 9831 trials at the time of the definitive analysis of DFS* are summarized in Table 7. The median duration of follow up was 1.8 years for the patients in the AC→P arm and 2.0 years for patients in the AC→PH arm.
Table 7 Summary of Efficacy results from the joint analysis of the NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 trials at the time of the definitive DFS analysis*

Parameter	AC→P (n=1679)	AC→PH (n=1672)	Hazard Ratio vs AC→P (95% CI) p-value
Disease-free survival No. patients with event (%)	261 (15.5)	133 (8.0)	0.48 (0.39, 0.59) p<0.0001
Distant Recurrence No. patients with event	193 (11.5)	96 (5.7)	0.47 (0.37, 0.60) p<0.0001
Death (OS event): No. patients with event	92 (5.5)	62 (3.7)	0.67 (0.48, 0.92) p=0.014**

A: doxorubicin; C: cyclophosphamide; P: paclitaxel; H: trastuzumab
* At median duration of follow up of 1.8 years for the patients in the AC→P arm and 2.0 years for patients in the AC→PH arm
** p value for OS did not cross the pre-specified statistical boundary for comparison of AC→PH vs. AC→P
For the primary endpoint, DFS, the addition of Herceptin to paclitaxel chemotherapy resulted in a 52 % decrease in the risk of disease recurrence. The hazard ratio translates into an absolute benefit, in terms of 3-year disease-free survival rate estimates of 11.8 percentage points (87.2 % versus 75.4 %) in favour of the AC→PH (Herceptin) arm.
At the time of a safety update after a median of 3.5-3.8 years follow up, an analysis of DFS reconfirms the magnitude of the benefit shown in the definitive analysis of DFS. Despite the cross-over to Herceptin in the control arm, the addition of Herceptin to paclitaxel chemotherapy resulted in a 52 % decrease in the risk of disease recurrence. The addition of Herceptin to paclitaxel chemotherapy also resulted in a 37 % decrease in the risk of death.
The pre-planned final analysis of OS from the joint analysis of studies NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 was performed when 707 deaths had occurred (median follow-up 8.3 years in the AC→P H group). Treatment with AC→PH resulted in a statistically significant improvement in OS compared with AC→P (stratified HR=0.64; 95% CI [0.55, 0.74]; log-rank p-value < 0.0001). At 8 years, the survival rate was estimated to be 86.9% in the AC→PH arm and 79.4% in the AC→P arm, an absolute benefit of 7.4% (95% CI 4.9%, 10.0%).
The final OS results from the joint analysis of studies NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831 are summarized in Table 8 below:
Table 8 Final Overall Survival Analysis from the joint analysis of trials NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831

Parameter	AC→P (N=2032)	AC→PH (N=2031)	p-value versus AC→P	Hazard Ratio versus AC→P (95% CI)
Death (OS event): No. patients with event (%)	418 (20.6%)	289 (14.2%)	< 0.0001	0.64 (0.55, 0.74)

A: doxorubicin; C: cyclophosphamide; P: paclitaxel; H: trastuzumab
DFS analysis was also performed at the final analysis of OS from the joint analysis of studies NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831. The updated DFS analysis results (stratified HR = 0.61; 95% CI [0.54, 0.69]) showed a similar DFS benefit compared to the definitive primary DFS analysis, despite 24.8% patients in the AC→P arm who crossed over to receive Herceptin. At 8 years, the disease-free survival rate was estimated to be 77.2% (95% CI: 75.4, 79.1) in the AC→PH arm, an absolute benefit of 11.8% compared with the AC→P arm.
In the BCIRG 006 study Herceptin was administered either in combination with docetaxel, following AC chemotherapy (AC→DH) or in combination with docetaxel and carboplatin (DCarbH).
Docetaxel was administered as follows:
- intravenous docetaxel - 100 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion over 1 hour, given every 3 weeks for 4 cycles (day 2 of first docetaxel cycle, then day 1 of each subsequent cycle)
or
- intravenous docetaxel - 75 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion over 1 hour, given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles (day 2 of cycle 1, then day 1 of each subsequent cycle)
which was followed by:
- carboplatin – at target AUC = 6 mg/mL/min administered by intravenous infusion over 30-60 minutes repeated every 3 weeks for a total of six cycles
Herceptin was administered weekly with chemotherapy and 3 weekly thereafter for a total of 52 weeks.
The efficacy results from the BCIRG 006 are summarized in Tables 9 and 10. The median duration of follow up was 2.9 years in the AC→D arm and 3.0 years in each of the AC→DH and DCarbH arms.
Table 9 Overview of Efficacy Analyses BCIRG 006 AC→D versus AC→DH

Parameter	AC→D (n=1073)	AC→DH (n=1074)	Hazard Ratio vs AC→D (95 % CI) p-value
Disease-free survival No. patients with event	195	134	0.61 (0.49, 0.77) p<0.0001
Distant recurrence No. patients with event	144	95	0.59 (0.46, 0.77) p<0.0001
Death (OS event) No. patients with event	80	49	0.58 (0.40, 0.83) p=0.0024

AC→D = doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, followed by docetaxel; AC→DH = doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, followed by docetaxel plus trastuzumab; CI = confidence interval
Table 10 Overview of Efficacy Analyses BCIRG 006 AC→D versus DCarbH

Parameter	AC→D (n=1073)	DCarbH (n=1074)	Hazard Ratio vs AC→D (95 % CI)
Disease-free survival No. patients with event	195	145	0.67 (0.54, 0.83) p=0.0003
Distant recurrence No. patients with event	144	103	0.65 (0.50, 0.84) p=0.0008
Death (OS event) No. patients with event	80	56	0.66 (0.47, 0.93) p=0.0182

AC→D = doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, followed by docetaxel; DCarbH = docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab; CI = confidence interval
In the BCIRG 006 study for the primary endpoint, DFS, the hazard ratio translates into an absolute benefit, in terms of 3-year disease-free survival rate estimates of 5.8 percentage points (86.7 % versus 80.9 %) in favour of the AC→DH (Herceptin) arm and 4.6 percentage points (85.5 % versus 80.9 %) in favour of the DCarbH (Herceptin) arm compared to AC→D.
In study BCIRG 006, 213/1075 patients in the DCarbH (TCH) arm, 221/1074 patients in the AC→DH (AC→TH) arm, and 217/1073 in the AC→D (AC→T) arm had a Karnofsky performance status ≤90 (either 80 or 90). No disease-free survival (DFS) benefit was noticed in this subgroup of patients (hazard ratio = 1.16, 95 % CI [0.73, 1.83] for DCarbH (TCH) versus AC→D (AC→T); hazard ratio 0.97, 95 % CI [0.60, 1.55] for AC→DH (AC→TH) versus AC→D).
In addition a post-hoc exploratory analysis was performed on the data sets from the joint analysis (JA) NSABP B-31/NCCTG N9831* and BCIRG006 clinical studies combining DFS events and symptomatic cardiac events and summarised in Table 11:
Table 11 Post-Hoc Exploratory Analysis Results from the Joint Analysis NSABP B-31/NCCTG N9831 and BCIRG006 Clinical Studies Combining DFS Events and Symptomatic Cardiac Events

AC→PH (vs. AC→P) (NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831)*	AC→DH (vs. AC→D) (BCIRG 006)	DCarbH (vs. AC→D) (BCIRG 006)
Primary efficacy analysis DFS Hazard ratios (95 % CI) p-value	0.48 (0.39, 0.59) p<0.0001	0.61 (0.49, 0.77) p< 0.0001	0.67 (0.54, 0.83) p=0.0003
Post-hoc exploratory analysis with DFS and symptomatic cardiac events Hazard ratios  (95 % CI)	0.64 (0.53, 0.77)	0.70 (0.57, 0.87)	0.71 (0.57, 0.87)

A: doxorubicin; C: cyclophosphamide; P: paclitaxel; D: docetaxel; Carb: carboplatin; H: trastuzumab
CI = confidence interval
* At the time of the definitive analysis of DFS. Median duration of follow up was 1.8 years in the AC→P arm and 2.0 years in the AC→PH arm
Early breast cancer (neoadjuvant-adjuvant setting)
So far, no results are available which compare the efficacy of Herceptin administered with chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting with that obtained in the neo-adjuvant/adjuvant setting.
In the neoadjuvant-adjuvant setting, study MO16432, a multicentre randomised trial, was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy of concurrent administration of Herceptin with neoadjuvant chemotherapy including both an anthracycline and a taxane, followed by adjuvant Herceptin, up to a total treatment duration of 1 year. The study recruited patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced (Stage III) or inflammatory EBC. Patients with HER2+ tumours were randomised to receive either neoadjuvant chemotherapy concurrently with neoadjuvant-adjuvant Herceptin, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone.
In study MO16432, Herceptin (8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg maintenance every 3 weeks) was administered concurrently with 10 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
as follows:
• Doxorubicin 60mg/m2 and paclitaxel 150 mg/m2, administered 3-weekly for 3 cycles,
which was followed by
• Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 administered 3-weekly for 4 cycles,
which was followed by
• CMF on day 1 and 8 every 4 weeks for 3 cycles
which was followed after surgery by
• additional cycles of adjuvant Herceptin (to complete 1 year of treatment)
The efficacy results from MO16432 are summarized in Table 12. The median duration of follow-up in the Herceptin arm was 3.8 years.
Table 12 Efficacy Results from MO16432

Parameter	Chemo + Herceptin (n=115)	Chemo only (n=116)
Event-free survival			Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
No. patients with event	46	59	0.65 (0.44, 0.96) p=0.0275
Total pathological complete response* (95 % CI)	40 % (31.0, 49.6)	20.7 % (13.7, 29.2)	P=0.0014
Overall survival			Hazard Ratio (95 % CI)
No. patients with event	22	33	0.59 (0.35, 1.02) p=0.0555

* defined as absence of any invasive cancer both in the breast and axillary nodes
An absolute benefit of 13 percentage points in favour of the Herceptin arm was estimated in terms of 3-year event-free survival rate (65 % versus 52 %).
Metastatic gastric cancer
Herceptin has been investigated in one randomised, open-label phase III trial ToGA (BO18255) in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone.
Chemotherapy was administered as follows:
- capecitabine - 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks for 6 cycles (evening of day 1 to morning of day 15 of each cycle)
or
- intravenous 5-fluorouracil - 800 mg/m2/day as a continuous intravenous infusion over 5 days, given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles (days 1 to 5 of each cycle)
Either of which was administered with:
- cisplatin - 80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles on day 1 of each cycle.
The efficacy results from study BO18225 are summarized in Table 13:
Table 13 Efficacy Results from BO18225

Parameter	FP N = 290	FP +H N = 294	HR (95 % CI)	p-value
Overall Survival, Median months	11.1	13.8	0.74 (0.60-0.91)	0.0046
Progression-Free Survival, Median months	5.5	6.7	0.71 (0.59-0.85)	0.0002
Time to Disease Progression, Median months	5.6	7.1	0.70 (0.58-0.85)	0.0003
Overall Response Rate, %	34.5 %	47.3 %	1.70a (1.22, 2.38)	0.0017
Duration of Response, Median months	4.8	6.9	0.54 (0.40-0.73)	< 0.0001

FP + H: Fluoropyrimidine/cisplatin + Herceptin
FP: Fluoropyrimidine/cisplatin
a Odds ratio
Patients were recruited to the trial who were previously untreated for HER2-positive inoperable locally advanced or recurrent and/or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastro-oesophageal junction not amenable to curative therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival which was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. At the time of the analysis a total of 349 randomized patients had died: 182 patients (62.8 %) in the control arm and 167 patients (56.8 %) in the treatment arm. The majority of the deaths were due to events related to the underlying cancer.
Post-hoc subgroup analyses indicate that positive treatment effects are limited to targeting tumours with higher levels of HER2 protein (IHC 2+/FISH+ or IHC 3+). The median overall survival for the high HER2 expressing group was 11.8 months versus 16 months, HR 0.65 (95 % CI 0.51-0.83) and the median progression free survival was 5.5 months versus 7.6 months, HR 0.64 (95 % CI 0.51-0.79) for FP versus FP + H, respectively. For overall survival, the HR was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.51-1.11) in the IHC 2+/FISH+ group and the HR was 0.58 (95 % CI 0.41-0.81) in the IHC 3+/FISH+ group.
In an exploratory subgroup analysis performed in the TOGA (BO18255) trial there was no apparent benefit on overall survival with the addition of Herceptin in patients with ECOG PS 2 at baseline [HR 0.96 (95 % CI 0.51-1.79)], non measurable [HR 1.78 (95 % CI 0.87-3.66)] and locally advanced disease [HR 1.20 (95 % CI 0.29-4.97)].
Immunogenicity
903 breast cancer patients treated with Herceptin, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, have been evaluated for antibody production. Human anti-trastuzumab antibodies were detected in one patient, who had no allergic manifestations.
There are no immunogenicity data available for Herceptin in gastric cancer.
Paediatric population
The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with Herceptin in all subsets of the paediatric population in breast and gastric cancer (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab have been studied in patients with metastatic breast cancer, early breast cancer and advanced gastric cancer patients. Formal drug-drug interaction studies have not been performed with Herceptin.
Breast cancer
Short duration intravenous infusions of 10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg trastuzumab once weekly in patients demonstrated non-linear pharmacokinetics where clearance decreased with increasing dose.
Half-life
The elimination half-life is of 28-38 days and subsequently the washout period is up to 27 weeks (190 days or 5 elimination half-lives).
Steady State pharmacokinetics
Steady state should be reached by approximately 27 weeks. In a population pharmacokinetic (two compartment, model-dependent) assessment of Phase I, II and III clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer, the median predicted AUC at steady state over a three-week period was three times 578 mg•day/l (1677 mg•day/l) with 3 weekly doses of 2 mg/kg and 1793 mg day/l with one every three week dose of 6 mg/kg; the estimated median peak concentrations were 104 mg/l and 189 mg/l and the trough concentrations were 64.9 mg/l and 47.3 mg/l, respectively.
Early breast cancer patients administered an initial loading dose of 8 mg/kg followed by a three weekly maintenance dose of 6 mg/kg for 1 year, achieved steady state mean Cmax of 225 µg/mL and mean Cmin of 68.9 µg/mL at day 21 of cycle 18, the last cycle of treatment for 1 year of treatment. These concentrations were comparable to those reported previously in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Clearance (CL)
The typical trastuzumab clearance (for a body weight of 68 kg) was 0.241 l/day.
The effects of patient characteristics (such as age or serum creatinine) on the disposition of trastuzumab have been evaluated. The data suggest that the disposition of trastuzumab is not altered in any of these groups of patients (see section 4.2), however, studies were not specifically designed to investigate the impact of renal impairment upon pharmacokinetics.
Volume of distribution
In all clinical studies, the volume of distribution of the central (Vc) and the peripheral (Vp) compartment was 3.02 l and 2.68 l, respectively, in the typical patient.
Circulating shed antigen
Detectable concentrations of the circulating extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor (shed antigen) are found in the serum of some patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancers. Determination of shed antigen in baseline serum samples revealed that 64 % (286/447) of patients had detectable shed antigen, which ranged as high as 1880 ng/mL (median = 11 ng/mL). Patients with higher baseline shed antigen levels were more likely to have lower serum trough concentrations of trastuzumab. However, with weekly dosing, most patients with elevated shed antigen levels achieved target serum concentrations of trastuzumab by week 6 and no significant relationship has been observed between baseline shed antigen and clinical response.
Advanced Gastric Cancer
Steady state pharmacokinetics
A two compartment nonlinear population pharmacokinetic model, based on data from Phase III study BO18255, was used to estimate the steady state pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced gastric cancer administered trastuzumab at a loading dose of 8 mg/kg followed by a 3-weekly maintenance dose of 6 mg/kg. The observed serum levels of trastuzumab were lower and thus total clearance was estimated to be higher in AGC patients compared to breast cancer patients receiving the same dosing regimen. The reason for this is unknown. At high concentrations, total clearance is dominated by linear clearance, and the half-life in AGC patients is approximately 26 days. The median predicted steady-state AUC values (over a period of 3 weeks at steady state) is equal to 1213 mg•day/L, the median steady-state Cmax is equal to 132 mg/l and the median steady-state Cmin values is equal to 27.6 mg/L.
There are no data on the level of circulating extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor (shed antigen) in the serum of gastric cancer patients.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
There was no evidence of acute or multiple dose-related toxicity in studies of up to 6 months, or reproductive toxicity in teratology, female fertility or late gestational toxicity/placental transfer studies. Herceptin is not genotoxic. A study of trehalose, a major formulation excipient did not reveal any toxicities.
No long-term animal studies have been performed to establish the carcinogenic potential of Herceptin, or to determine its effects on fertility in males.
6. Pharmaceutical particulars
6.1 List of excipients
L-histidine hydrochloride
L-histidine
α,α-trehalose dihydrate
polysorbate 20
6.2 Incompatibilities
This medicinal product must not be mixed or diluted with other medicinal products except those mentioned under section 6.6
Do not dilute with glucose solutions since these cause aggregation of the protein.
6.3 Shelf life
4 years
After reconstitution with water for injections the reconstituted solution is physically and chemically stable for 48 hours at 2°C – 8°C. Any remaining reconstituted solution should be discarded.
Solutions of Herceptin for intravenous infusion are physically and chemically stable in polyvinylchloride, polyethylene or polypropylene bags containing sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9 %) solution for injection for 24 hours at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.
From a microbiological point of view, the reconstituted solution and Herceptin infusion solution should be used immediately. The product is not intended to be stored after reconstitution and dilution unless this has taken place under controlled and validated aseptic conditions. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions are the responsibility of the user.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C).
For storage conditions of the opened medicinal product, see section 6.3 and 6.6.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Herceptin vial:
One 15 mL clear glass type I vial with butyl rubber stopper laminated with a fluoro-resin film containing 150 mg of trastuzumab.
Each carton contains one vial.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Appropriate aseptic technique should be used. Each vial of Herceptin is reconstituted with 7.2 mL of water for injections (not supplied). Use of other reconstitution solvents should be avoided.
This yields a 7.4 mL solution for single-dose use, containing approximately 21 mg/mL trastuzumab, at a pH of approximately 6.0. A volume overage of 4 % ensures that the labelled dose of 150 mg can be withdrawn from each vial.
Herceptin should be carefully handled during reconstitution. Causing excessive foaming during reconstitution or shaking the reconstituted solution may result in problems with the amount of Herceptin that can be withdrawn from the vial.
The reconstituted solution should not be frozen.
Instructions for reconstitution:
1) Using a sterile syringe, slowly inject 7.2 mL of water for injections in the vial containing the lyophilised Herceptin, directing the stream into the lyophilised cake.
2) Swirl the vial gently to aid reconstitution. DO NOT SHAKE!
Slight foaming of the product upon reconstitution is not unusual. Allow the vial to stand undisturbed for approximately 5 minutes. The reconstituted Herceptin results in a colourless to pale yellow transparent solution and should be essentially free of visible particulates.
Determine the volume of the solution required:
• based on a loading dose of 4 mg trastuzumab/kg body weight, or a subsequent weekly dose of 2 mg trastuzumab/kg body weight:

• based on a loading dose of 8 mg trastuzumab/kg body weight, or a subsequent 3-weekly dose of 6 mg trastuzumab/kg body weight:

The appropriate amount of solution should be withdrawn from the vial and added to an infusion bag containing 250 mL of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. Do not use with glucose-containing solutions (see section 6.2). The bag should be gently inverted to mix the solution in order to avoid foaming. Once the infusion is prepared it should be administered immediately. If diluted aseptically, it may be stored for 24 hours (do not store above 30°C).
Parenteral medicinal products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
Herceptin is for single-use only, as the product contains no preservatives. Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
No incompatibilities between Herceptin and polyvinylchloride, polyethylene or polypropylene bags have been observed.
7. Marketing authorisation holder
Roche Registration Limited
6 Falcon Way
Shire Park
Welwyn Garden City
AL7 1TW
United Kingdom
8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
EU/1/00/145/001
9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
Date of first authorisation: 28 August 2000
Date of latest renewal: 28 August 2010
10. Date of revision of the text
26 June 2014
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu.
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产地国家: 德国
原产地英文商品名:
HERCEPTIN 150mg Powder for Infusion Solution
原产地英文药品名:
TRASTUZUMAB
中文参考商品译名:
赫赛汀 粉劑(输注液用) 150毫克/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
曲妥珠单抗
生产厂家中文参考译名:
CC-Pharma GmbH.
生产厂家英文名:
CC-Pharma GmbH.