英文药名：Kalimate Powder（Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate）

中文药名：聚苯乙烯磺酸钙粉

生产厂家：兴和制药
类别名称
血清钾抑制剂
商標名
Kalimate Powder
一般名
ポリスチレンスルホン酸カルシウム
（Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate）
構造式
并具有不规则错杂具有复杂的三维结构，该结构是部分地如下；

性状
在晴朗的黄白色至淡黄色粉末，无臭，味。
水，并在乙醇中（95）或乙醚中几乎不溶。
药效药理
1. 药理作用
(1) 其中本发明的药剂进行干燥包含7.0至9.0％的钙，也1克是在体外（KCl溶液），被替换为53〜71mg（1.36〜1.82mEq））钾。
(2) 血钾水平约为1mEq/ L的第15天〜30克为肾功能衰竭患者的管理（成人）抑制
(3) 在肾功能衰竭的本药物的使用，提高的不像在使用钠型树脂血清钠和磷的值的时间，在血清钙值的降低是不允许（人）
(4) 由于钙型，即使在患者钠限制都可以使用，此外，它也是不水肿，表达和高血压或心脏衰竭恶化由于钠（人）
2.作用机序
口服给药后，或灌肠剂，而不被消化吸收，肠道，尤其是在结肠的附近，对于钙离子和在药物的肠道交换钾离子，它不发生变化，聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂无，它被排泄在粪便中不变。其结果钾在肠道被从体内除去。
适应证
急性和慢性肾功能衰竭引起的高钾血症
剂量和给药方法
1.口服
成人的第一15〜30g的2-3倍，在单剂量在水中30〜50毫升，口服悬浮。此外，将根据症状调整。
2.灌肠给药
一旦30克的成人灌肠水或2％甲基纤维素溶液100毫升暂停。将离开加热悬浮液至约体温灌肠进行30分钟到1小时中的肠道。液体向在枕头上臀部高程如果这种泄漏，或假设的膝部胸部位置一段时间。
5％的葡萄糖溶液，而不是水或2％的甲基纤维素溶液可以使用。
包装规格
1. カリメート散　5ｇ×126包
2. カリメート散　500ｇ

生产商：日本兴和制药
KALIMATE Powder（Calcium polystyrene sulfonate，カリメート散）
Brand name : KALIMATE Powder
　Active ingredient: Calcium polystyrene sulfonate
　Dosage form: faintly yellowish white to pale yellow powder
　Print on wrapping: カリメート散, 5g, KALIMATE Powder
Effects of this medicine
This medicine is calcium type of cation-exchange resin. It exchanges potassium ions in the intestine for calcium ions of the medicine, prompts potassium excretion and lowers blood level of potassium.
It is usually used to treat hyperkalemia due to renal failure.
Before using this medicine, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist
•If you have previously experienced any allergic reactions (itch, rash, etc.) to any medicines.
If you have: intestinal obstruction, tendency of constipation, narrowing of colon lumen or gastrointestinal tract ulcer.
•If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
•If you are taking any other medicinal products. (Some medicines may interact to enhance or diminish medicinal effects. Beware of over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements as well as other prescription medicines.)
Dosing schedule (How to take this medicine)
•Your dosing schedule prescribed by your doctor is <<to be written by a healthcare professional>>
•In general, for adults, take 15 to 30 g a day in two to three divided doses. Add a dose to 30 to 50 mL of water, stir up and take it. The dosage may be adjusted according to the symptoms. Strictly follow the instructions.
•If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and follow your regular dosing schedule. You should never take two doses at one time.
•If you accidentally take more than your prescribed dose, consult with your doctor or pharmacist.
•Do not stop taking this medicine unless your doctor instructs you to do so.
Precautions while taking this medicine
•Possible adverse reactions to this medicine
The most commonly reported adverse reactions include constipation, loss of appetite, nausea and rash. If any of these symptoms occur, consult with your doctor or pharmacist.
The symptoms described below are rarely seen as initial symptoms of the adverse reactions indicated in brackets. If any of these symptoms occur, stop taking this medicine and see your doctor immediately.
•constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, melena [intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, large intestine ulcer]
The above symptoms do not describe all the adverse reactions to this medicine. Consult with your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any symptoms of concern other than those listed above.
Storage conditions and other information
•Keep out of reach of children. Store away from direct sunlight, heat and moisture.
•Discard the remainder. Do not store them.
http://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/pack/2190016X1105_2_06/
Kowa Co., Ltd.Internal
Revised: 6/2015
The information on this sheet is based on approvals granted by the Japanese regulatory authority. Approval details may vary by country. Medicines have adverse reactions (risks) as well as efficacies (benefits). It is important to minimize adverse reactions and maximize efficacy. To obtain a better therapeutic response, patients should understand their medication and cooperate with the treatment.
聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂临床治疗慢性肾衰高血钾的效果
高血钾是临床遇到的急症之一，多见于慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）常伴有少尿、无尿情况下，处理不及时可发生各种心律失常，致心跳骤停而死亡。因此及时处于高血钾对慢性肾衰患者极为重要。采用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散治疗高血钾获得了理想疗效。
入选的40例慢性肾衰患者中，均存在各种原因引起的高钾血症，其中透析22例，每次血透前血钾浓度≥5．5mind／L；非透析患者18例，其血钾为：5．5mmol／L≤血钾浓度≤60mmd／L。患者入院后，每日服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂1-2次，每次20g，共7d，观察期间不用洋地黄制剂及碱性药物、胰岛素、利尿剂等。
结果发现，使用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂后，患者血钾水平均明显下降。血液透析患者服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂3d，血K+由5．525mmol／L降至4．75mmol；服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂l周，显著降低4.45mmol/L。
CRF非血液透析高血钾患者使用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂
3d后，血钾浓度由5.54mmol/L降至4．40mmol/，1周后降至4．04mmol/L。其中下降1mmol/L者29例占72．5％；下降0．5～0．9mmol／L者为7例，占17．4％。4例下降，但不足0.5mmol/L，未发现有血K+升高者。观察过程中发现治疗前血钾浓度越高者，下降的幅度越大。
患者服用中服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散剂期间，出现食欲欠佳者2例，恶心2例，呕吐者I例，纳差与恶心、呕吐同时出现者1例，停药后以上症状自行消失，服药期中发生便秘者1例，停药后恢复正常。均无需特别处理。
聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散口服后不被消化和吸收，在肠道内特别是结肠附近，药物中的钙离子和肠道内的钾离子交换，聚苯乙烯磺酸树脂本身没有任何变化，以原样从粪便中被排泄，其结果使肠道内的钾被清除至体外
本研究证实，慢性肾功能衰竭患者服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙散后，能快速降低血钾浓度，有效防治高血钾的发生，提高患者生活质量。