2011年3月24日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)发布公告,批准Zostavax疫苗用于50岁至59岁成人预防带状疱疹。 Zostavax是一种减毒活病毒疫苗,并在早先于2006年5月26日被FDA批准用于60岁及以上成人预防带状疱疹。此次,FDA批准将50—59岁年龄范围增加入适用人群。
在美国,带状疱疹每年约影响20万50岁至59岁之间的健康人。带状疱疹由水痘带状疱疹病毒引起,是引起水痘的同一种病毒,属于疱疹病毒家族。发作过一次水痘后,病毒就休眠潜伏于体内某些神经位置。由于尚未被完全了解的原因,病毒可以带状疱疹的形式重新出现,这在免疫力低下及老年人种更常发生。
“随着年龄增长,发生带状疱疹的可能性也随之增加。在更年轻年龄组中可用Zostavax,为预防这种令人痛苦并使人衰弱的疾病增加了额外的机会”,FDA生物制品评价和研究中心主任Midthun博士说。
此次核准是基于在美国和其他4个国家进行一项多中心研究。这项研究纳入了大约22000例50-59岁的成年人,按照1:1的比例分别接受Zostavax或安慰剂治疗,之后随访至少1年,以观察是否发生带状疱疹。与安慰剂相比,Zostavax组发生带状疱疹的危险减少了约70%。
研究中被观察到最通常的副作用为注射部位红肿、疼痛及肿胀,另外还有头痛。
带状疱疹的特点是发生水疱,一般发生身体的一侧并呈带状,可能引起严重的疼痛并持续数周,在一些人群中更有可能在发作后持续数月或数年。
ZOSTAVAX SDV D/SHIP .65ML 1
ZOSTAVAX SDV D/SHIP .65ML 10
Generic Name for ZOSTAVAX Varicella zoster vaccine, live, attenuated; minimum of 19,400 PFU/0.65mL dose; pwd for SC inj after reconstitution; contains porcine gelatin, neomycin and bovine serum (trace); preservative-free.
Legal Classification: Rx
Manufacturer of ZOSTAVAX Merck & Co., Inc.
Indications for ZOSTAVAX Prevention of herpes zoster (shingles) in adults ≥60 years of age.
Adult dose for ZOSTAVAX <60 yrs: not recommended. ≥60 yrs: one 0.65mL dose by SC inj once in upper arm. Administer immediately upon reconstitution.
Children's dosing for ZOSTAVAX Not recommended.
Contraindications for ZOSTAVAX Immunodeficiency (eg, HIV, leukemia, lymphoma, bone marrow or lymphatic cancer, immunosuppressive therapy). Pregnancy (Cat.C).
Warnings/Precautions for ZOSTAVAX Not for preventing primary varicella infection. Defer in untreated tuberculosis. Consider deferral in acute illness. Have epinephrine inj (1:1000) available. May not protect 100% of recipients. Virus transmission may occur between recipients and susceptible contacts. Nursing mothers.
Interactions for ZOSTAVAX See Contraindications. Immunosuppressants may cause disseminated disease.
Adverse Reactions for ZOSTAVAX Inj site reactions (eg, erythema, pain, swelling, pruritus), headache, cardiovascular diseases (eg, CHF, pulmonary edema).
Notes for ZOSTAVAX To register pregnant patients exposed to Zostavax: (800) 986-8999. To report adverse events to VAERS: (800) 822-7967.
How is ZOSTAVAX supplied? Single-dose vials—1, 10 (w. diluent)
Related Disease: Immunization Shingles~vaccines
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