硝唑尼特（Nitazoxanide，Alinia®, Romark Laboratories, L.C., Tampa, Fl, USA)是第一个thiazolide类药物，2002年在美国获得批准，用于治疗免疫功能健全的成人和儿童的小球隐孢子虫和蓝氏贾第虫感染。而现在大量的临床前及临床试验表明硝唑尼特对于乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒感染有活性。
抗病毒作用机制 
   硝唑尼特抗原虫和厌氧菌的作用机制是直接抑制丙酮酸铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶反应。但其抗病毒作用机制与此不同。其作用机制可能是激活一种蛋白激酶，这种蛋白激酶可以被双链RNA激活，而这种蛋白激酶也是干扰素诱导的抗病毒反应的中介物质。这种蛋白激酶称为PKR，其激活导致底物真核启动因子2α(eIF2a)的磷酸化。硝唑尼特代表了一类新作用机制的抗病毒药，由于其针对宿主的抗病毒机制，因此发生病毒耐药的门槛要显著高于直接针对病毒的药物。
抗乙肝和丙肝病毒体外活性 
   最初是在应用硝唑尼特治疗艾滋病人原虫感染时偶然发现其具有抗肝病毒活性，其后应用标准的体外抗病毒检测方法证实了硝唑尼特及其代谢物替唑尼特的抗病毒活性。硝唑尼特和替唑尼特都是潜在的乙肝病毒抑制剂，与其它抗病毒药物如拉米夫定、阿德福韦联用具有协同效应，硝唑尼特和替唑尼特同样对耐受拉米夫定、阿德福韦的乙肝病毒变异体有效。此外，在以a-和1b基因型启动复制子的细胞和2a基因型细胞培养模型中，硝唑尼特和替唑尼特也是潜在的丙肝病毒抑制剂，与干扰素联用具有协同效应。以硝唑尼特预先处理丙肝病毒复制模型三天，使病毒对之后的干扰素治疗更敏感，这为正在进行的联合治疗之前采用硝唑尼特导入期的临床研究提供了依据。
治疗慢性乙肝 
   单独使用硝唑尼特治疗慢性乙肝（疗程为一年）的疗效已得到初步证明，每天两次，每次500mg硝唑尼特的给药方案使4名HBeAg阳性患者血清乙肝病毒DNA水平全部出现下降，4名患者中2名患者乙肝病毒DNA含量降低到检测水平以下，3名患者HBeAg转阴，1名患者HBsAg转阴。8名HBeAg阴性患者中7名患者乙肝病毒DNA降低到检测水平以下，2名患者HBsAg转阴。另外，硝唑尼特单独治疗组有1例，硝唑尼特加阿德福韦联合治疗组也有1例患者在治疗后，获得了乙肝病毒DNA低于检测水平，HBeAg和HBsAg抗原转阴的效果。这些初步研究结果显示硝唑尼特治疗HBsAg转阴率要高于目前已批准的其他任何乙肝治疗药物。与干扰素相似的作用机制提示，硝唑尼特单独使用或与核苷(酸)类似物联用都可能使HBsAg阴转率提高（治疗终极终点）。一项正式的Ⅱ期试验计划将于2009年启动（但检索尚未发现硝唑尼特治疗乙肝的临床试验注册信息）。

 
ALINIA
Alinia Information
Alinia is a medical product that is also well known as Nitazoxanide. This medication belongs to a wide class of drugs - antiprotozoals. Such products are widely prescribed in the therapy of diarrhea that has been triggered by a certain form of protozoa.

Alinia Indications
Alinia is quite effective in the prophylaxis for diarrhea in the case of children and adults, if the symptom is caused by Giardia lamblia or other types of protozoa (including Cryptosporidium parvum). In other words, a therapy with this medicine is prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with travelers' diarrhea. However, a treatment trial with this medicine can prove effective in the therapy of some other medical conditions. It is important to refer to your personal health care provider if you have any further questions regarding this matter.

Alinia Warnings
The presence of other medical disorders (apart from traveler’s diarrhea) can prevent an individual from being prescribed a treatment trial with Alinia. For this reason, it is important to alert your personal health care provider if you are suffering from any immune system medical conditions (including HIV), kidney disorders or any liver medical conditions. While some patients who present these medical disorders will not be allowed to start using Alinia on a regular basis, others will be prescribed lower doses of this drug. However, their therapy with this antiprotozoal must be closely supervised by an authorized health care provider.

The oral form (suspension) of Alinia is known to contain about 1.48 grams of sucrose in a teaspoon of medicine (5 mL). This is why patients who are suffering from diabetes should lower their daily intake of sucrose during their therapy with this type of medicine.

Studies have shown that Nitazoxanide (Alinia) is a category B FDA pregnancy medicine. In other words, a treatment trial with this medical product should not harm a growing fetus in any way. However, it is best that each pregnant female who wants to start using this medicine on a regular basis should discuss the prospects of a potential therapy with Alinia with her personal health care provider. It has not yet been determined whether the ingredients of this medication are able to pass into the patient’s breast milk or not. In such conditions, we recommend all nursing mothers to stop breastfeeding their infants during their treatment trial with this medical product.

Alinia Intake Guidelines
Your personal health care provider is entitled to prescribe you the necessary precautions that you ought to take into consideration during your future therapy with Alinia. He or she will also tell you exactly how you should use each of your doses of this medical product.

All doses of Alinia should be accompanied with food. In this way, you will avoid experiencing the unpleasant symptoms of stomach disturbances. If you have been prescribed by your personal health care provider to use the suspension form of Alinia, we strongly advise you to make sure that you have well shaken the medicine before measuring your dose. Most physicians recommend their patients to measure their doses of Alinia with a special instrument (a dose measuring cup, dropper and / or spoon). If you do not own such devices, you should buy one from the nearest pharmacy. You may store your medicine at the average room temperature. Ask your pharmacist to tell you how you could discard the unused medicine.

Alinia Dosage
Your personal health care provider (your physician) will prescribe you the dose of Alinia that you should use on a regular basis, the one that will ensure that you will be granted the best effects from your treatment trial with this medicine. Periodically, your physician might want to alter your dose of this drug. It is important to follow each and every one of your doctor’s directions. Unauthorized alterations to your normal dosage of Alinia are not reccommended.

Alinia Overdose
All patients who are suspected to be suffering from an overdose with Alinia ought to be granted immediate medical care. We have no information regarding the potential symptoms that this medical condition may trigger. For this reason, we advise you to ask your pharmacist, a nurse or a doctor for further information.

Alinia Missed Dose
Any disruption in your regular Alinia therapy schedule will affect the beneficial results of your treatment trial with this drug. If you have missed using a dose of this medicine, we recommend you to skip the one that you have missed and to proceed with your regular treatment schedule. If you are unhappy with the therapy schedule that your physician has prescribed you, we advise you to contact your doctor and set up an appointment in which you will discuss you’re your physician which changes will suit you best.

Alinia Side Effects
If an individual who is following a therapy with Alinia develops the severe symptoms of an allergic reaction (throat closure, breathing difficulties, swelling, hives, and so on), he or she should immediately stop their intake of this drug. A prolonged therapy with this medication may trigger the following less severe adverse reactions: headache, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and so on.

Alinia Drug Reactions
Studies have shown that the way in which the ingredients of Alinia are metabolized by the patient’s organism can be affected by the intake of other medical products. Therefore, adjacent therapies that have not been authorized by the patient’s personal health care provider may easily lead to higher or lower levels of medicine in the patient’s blood.

Buy Alinia
Alinia is available through our Online Pharmacy Escrow Service or at any Canada Pharmacy selling Online Prescriptions.