英文药名:Yondelis(trabectedin) 中文药名:他比特定注射液 品牌药生产商:PharmaMar(西班牙Zeltia 公司和美国强生公司联合研制) 药品介绍: 他比特定(trabectedin)用于晚期软组织肉瘤治疗。Yondelis的活性成分trabectedin是从海洋生物海鞘(sea squirts)中提取物的四氢喹啉类生物碱的半合成产品。本品在2001年5月批准作为罕见病药物使用,2007年9月正式批准上市。本品的开发和获得批准在国外较受欢迎,原因是在过去30多年来,这是治疗软组织肉瘤的第一个上市新药。这对于常规化疗(阿霉素和异环磷酰胺)失败的晚期软组织肉瘤患者将是一个重要的新选择。 Yondelis是第一个获EMEA批准、由西班牙研究的抗癌药成果,也是PharmaMar公司经过20年的研究,第一个从实验室成功进入市场的产品。PharmaMar公司专门从海洋生物组织中获取治癌物质, Yondelis中的ET-743活性物质就是从一种会喷射很强毒素以避免被肉食的海洋生物提取的,这种毒素对癌细胞有进攻性。 今年六月份,Zeltia制药公司董事长José María Fernández de Sousa则指出, Yondelis在治疗卵巢癌症的药品市场中潜力是不可限量的,比治疗软组织肉瘤药物的市场潜力大出许多。 该药进行了一项名为OVA-301的多中心随机III期临床实验,受试者达672人,这是针对治疗复发性卵巢癌患者的最大临床实验之一,在实验中对比了 Yondelis+ Doxil+ Caelyx和Doxil+ Caelyx两种疗法的效果。 实验结果显示,两相比较,这种新疗法在延长患者病情无恶化生存期方面的效果明显优于Doxil+ Caelyx。 Yondelis (ET-743) is a promising antitumor drug with hepatotoxic properties in animals and humans. Here the hypothesis was tested that dexamethasone can ameliorate manifestations of yondelis-induced hepatotoxicity in the female Wistar rat, which is the animal species with the highest sensitivity toward the adverse hepatic effect of yondelis. Hepatotoxicity was adjudged by measurement of plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin, and by liver histopathology. Yondelis (40 μg/kg i.v.) alone caused a dramatic elevation of plasma alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels, and degeneration and patchy focal necrosis of bile duct epithelial cells. Pretreatment of rats with dexamethasone (5–20 mg/kg, p.o.) 24 h before yondelis ameliorated or abrogated the biochemical and histopathological manifestations of yondelis-induced liver changes. In contrast, when dexamethasone was administered simultaneously with yondelis, its toxicity was not reduced. Pretreatment with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) also reversed the gene expression changes induced by yondelis in rat liver. However, dexamethasone pretreatment did not interfere with the antitumor efficacy of yondelis in rats bearing the 13762 mammary carcinoma or in four murine models. Dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) administered 24 h before yondelis decreased hepatic levels of yondelis dramatically compared with those obtained after administration of yondelis alone, whereas yondelis plasma levels after the drug combination were not markedly different from those in rats on yondelis alone. The results suggest that pretreatment with high-dose dexamethasone effectively protects rats against yondelis-mediated hepatic damage by decreasing hepatic exposure to yondelis, perhaps linked to induction of metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pretreatment with high-dose dexamethasone should be investigated in patients who receive yondelis to ameliorate its unwanted effect on the liver. Concerns were raised by NICE’s Appraisal Committee over the drug’s effectiveness when compared with commonly-used treatments after analysing data provided by PharmaMar. Sir Andrew Dillon, NICE Chief Executive, says the manufacturer did not submit any evidence comparing Yondelis with the preferred treatment option, platinum-based chemotherapy. Instead, it compared it against drug regimes that did not include platinum and, as a result, NICE “cannot be sure” it extended patients’ lives. The guidance to the NHS was published on the same day that NICE issued its first clinical guideline on ovarian cancer calling for improved testing to allow faster diagnoses. The independent Appraisal Committee considered all the available evidence, including clinical trial data submitted by PharmaMar and expert opinion from clinical specialists. The Committee identified that Yondelis may be more effective in women with partially platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. But Sir Andrew Dillon explained other uncertainties. “The Committee could not be sure that the effectiveness of trabectedin in this group was genuinely different from that seen in the wider group of patients for which the drug is licensed and concluded that the subgroup data was not robust,” he said. PharmaMar also submitted a Patient Access Scheme as part of the appraisal but the Committee felt it “did not improve” Yondelis’ cost effectiveness enough to justify its use “given the uncertain benefits it may provide patients” Sir Andrew added. Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women, with around 6,800 women being diagnosed every year in the UK. NICE’s clinical guideline says more initial investigations should take place in primary care settings which would allow women to be referred to hospital specialists sooner and begin treatment quicker. Dr Fergus Macbeth, Director of the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE, says that ovarian cancer is a “silent killer” and that confusion with other conditions can often lead to the cancer developing to an advanced stage. Mr Sean Duffy, Medical Director of Yorkshire Cancer Network and Chair of the Guideline Development Group, says it is essential to diagnose ovarian cancer at an early stage. “Ovarian cancer is a very serious disease but it can be successfully treated if diagnosed early,” he said. “GPs and other primary care professionals can play a key role in facilitating earlier diagnoses by carrying out some of the initial investigations that would otherwise take place in hospitals, such as blood tests. “I hope that the NICE guideline will support healthcare professionals in their day-to-day practice and give all women the greatest chances possible to survive the disease.” 【摘要】背景与目的:Yondelis® (trabectedin) ,研制阶段称为ET-743, 为海洋生物Ecteinascidia turbinata的提取物,它直接作用于肿瘤细胞中DNA短支的缺口,影响并抑制蛋白质的合成,从而在基因水平上抑制肿瘤细胞的分裂和成长,总结76例复发或转移的软组织肉瘤的生物治疗经验。方法: 治疗组76 例患者Yondelis® (trabectedin) 1.5mg/m2 24小时静脉滴注,每三周重复,对照组50例常规的化疗方案。结果: 生物治疗组76例患者中完全缓解(Complete Response--CR)8例(10.6 %),部分缓解(Partial Response--PR)4例(5.3 %),稳定(Stable Disease--SD)34例(44.7 %),恶化(Progressive Disease--PD)30 例。临床受益(CR+PR)12例,受益率为15.9%。对照组临床受益率为2.0%,两组疗效差异有意义(P<0.05)。有关不良反应,生物治疗组骨髓抑制(中性粒细胞减少症) 只有12例(15.8%),而化疗组42例(84.0%)。 关键词:复发及转移型软组织肉瘤;生物治疗;Yondelis® (trabectedin) 软组织肉瘤是常见肿瘤,发病率为1.2/10万~2.3/10万;主要位于肢体,占所有病例的50%以上。单纯手术治疗,软组织肉瘤患者术后的局部复发转移率很高,导致死亡率也很高. 而非手术综合疗法(包括化疗和生物治疗)对这类肿瘤具有较好的治疗效果,但化疗的毒副作用大,且对多种软组织肉瘤不敏感,这要求软组织肉瘤的治疗需寻求另一条出路。 随着有效的生物抗癌药的出现,目前对这一类恶性肿瘤的治疗水平,尤其是对于复发或有转移的病例和传统化疗效果不明显的病例的二线疗效已有提高,生物抗癌药给患者带来了新的希望。Yondelis® (trabectedin) 现已正式被西班牙药物管理局批准上市发售,用于软组织肉瘤的二线治疗,尤其是对传统治疗如化疗不敏感或不能耐受的患者。我中心自2005年5月到2007年8月间共收治各种进展型(复发或转移)的软组织肉瘤126例,其中76例使用西班牙Zeltia 公司和美国强生公司联合研制的海洋源性抗肿瘤生物药物(trabectedin),现将两年来Trabectedin治疗复发或转移型软组织肉瘤的疗效和毒性反应分析报告如下。 1 资料 经西班牙药物管理局( agencia de madicamento de Espanya)批准和筛选的126例患者,入选的患者均为进展型(复发或转移) 软组织肉瘤,病理类型确定,患者在知情的情况下自愿选择化疗或trabectedin治疗。126例病例均来自地中海肿瘤研究中心2005年5月~2007年8月收治的患者,分为两组:生物治疗组76例,男性40例,女性36例;年龄8岁~70 岁,中位年龄40.5岁,对照组50例,男性26例,女性24例;年龄7~65岁,中位年龄40.2岁。两组患者均为术后复发或转移患者,其一般资料之间的差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。 1.3 药物来源 1.4 治疗方法 1.4.1 生物治疗组: 生物治疗组:trabectedin 1.5mg/m2,持续24h静脉滴注,d1;G-CSF(粒细胞集落刺激因子) 1.4.2 对照组: VCD方案:IE方案:每3周重复 以上两组治疗患者,重复3个疗程,评价疗效和副作用。 2.结果 2.2、不良反应 3、讨论 软组织肉瘤都是起源于非造血系统间叶组织,部分起源于外胚层神经组织的周围神经恶性肿瘤也为软组织肉瘤,软组织肉瘤占成人恶性肿瘤的1%,软组织肉瘤多发于肢体,手术仍是骨与软组织肉瘤主要的治疗手段,但软组织肉瘤的一个重要生物特征是局部复发和血道转移,早期软组织肿瘤以手术为主,手术是治疗四肢软组织肉瘤和骨肉瘤的主要方法,但是单纯手术治疗,患者术后的局部复发率很高。即使局部肿瘤得到控制,仍然有50﹪以上的软组织肉瘤患者,在术后2年内因发生复发或转移。术后一旦出现复发和转移,对化疗不再敏感,几乎不能治愈,中位生存期大多为1年左右。 应用Zeltia和美国强生公司联合研制生产的全新肿瘤生物制剂Yondelis® (Trabectedin) 对于复发或转移的复杂型软组织肉瘤的生物治疗,目的是为了保肢和提高患者生活质量及延长患者的生存期,这是我们研究中心参与Yondelis® (Trabectedin)的临床研究的主要方向。 上述126例病例均来自我中心2005年5月~2007年8月收治的软组织肉瘤的复发或转移患者,接受Trabectedin生物治疗和化疗的目的有如下几点: a) 部分患者的术前综合治疗,目的是尽可能的减小肿瘤体积,保肢等。 b) 全身转移的患者,无法手术,化疗或生物治疗为唯一方法。 c) 预测手术无法广泛切除者。 d) 晚期患者,已接受化疗数次但无效者。 2007年九月在巴塞罗那召开的第十四届 欧洲肿瘤会议(la Conferencia Europea sobre el Cancer - ECCO 14) 来自法国里昂的Jean Yves Blay医生 ,和来自英国伦敦的Royal Marsden Hospital 的Ian Judson医生,和同样来自法国的Institut Gustave Roussy en Villejuif的Axel Le Cesne医生,他们度报告了Trabectedin对于进展型软组织肉瘤患者较好的疗效,但同时他们也提到了Trabectedin的一些毒副作用,如白细胞减少,和一些患者转氨酶的升高。 关于Trabectedin治疗中的毒副作用,在不同的国家也见过相应的报道, 如美国的医生在2007年报道过在Trabectedin的使用中出现了心电图改变和心动过速及肠梗阻和肺部感染 及腹泻; 英国的医生在2007年报道过 中性细胞减少症和急性肾衰; 波兰的医生在2007年报道过Trabectedin引起的轻度贫血,咽痛和口疮和恶心呕吐等。在研究中发现, Trabectedin也会影响到正常健康的细胞,特别是那些快速增值的的健康细胞,像健康的血细胞,所以在使用Trabectedin之前,对那些血象正常的软组织肉瘤患者才能使用,并且需要经常的血象和肝功能的检测。 Trabectedin作为世界首个海洋源性生物抗癌药物,仍有尚未解答的问题,这也是今后要继续研究的方向,以下几点展开进一步的研究: |