美国食品药品监督管理局批准了Gilenya(Fingolimod)胶囊用于减少多发性硬化症(MS)复发,并可推迟患者的肢体障碍的时间。FDA药品评价研究中心神经病学部负责人Russell Katz博士表示:Gilenya是首个口服用于多发性硬化症的药物,它的出现给患者提供了注射疗法之外新的治疗方案。今年6月Gilenya获得FDA专家的认可,专家建议批准其上市申请。
MS是一种慢性、会致残的的中枢系统疾病,发病于大脑、脊髓以及视神经等。美国约有40万MS患者,全世界约210万。Fingolimod可以阻断淋巴结中的血细胞,减少其迁移到大脑和脊髓,这样可以缓解多发性硬化症状,这是首个此种作用机理的药物。
MS的发病历程、严重性及症状因人而异且不可预计,某些症状可能很严重,比如四肢麻木甚至更严重或者视力模糊乃至失明等。
使用Gilenya的患者在用药时应密切关注是否有心律降低现象发生,该药物也可能增加感染的风险,由于用药者可能出现严重的眼部疾病(黄斑水肿)应密切关注眼科症状。常见的不良反应报告有:头痛、流行性感冒、腹泻、背痛、肝转氨酶升高以及咳嗽等。
Gilenya胶囊的剂量为0.5mg,由位于瑞士巴塞尔的诺华公司生产
GILENYA (芬戈莫德)胶囊美国最初批准:2010
适应证和用途
GILENYA是一种神经鞘氨醇1-磷酸受体调节剂适用于复发性多发性硬化症患者的治疗减少临床加重的频数和延缓身体残疾的积蓄。
剂量和给药方法
推荐剂量:0.5 mg口服每天1次,有或无食物。
剂型和规格
0.5 mg硬胶囊。
禁忌证
无。
警告和注意事项
(1)首次给予GILENYA后心率和/或房室传导减慢:首次剂量后6小时所有患者观察到心动过缓的征象和症状。心动过缓高风险患者中如无最近可利用首次剂量前得到基线ECG。患者接受类别Ia或类别III 抗心律失常药, β阻滞剂, 钙通道阻滞剂, 有慢心率患者, 昏厥史, 病态窦房结综合征, 二级或更高级传导阻滞, 缺血性心脏病,或充血性心衰是处在发生心动过缓或心阻断风险增加。
(2)感染:GILENYA可能增加感染的风险。开始用GILENYA治疗前应得到最近的CBC。治疗期间及停药后2个月监查感染的征象和症状以。有活动性急性或慢性感染患者中不要开始GILENYA治疗。
(3)黄斑水肿:可能发生有或无视力症状。开始GILENYA前和在治疗起始后3-4个月时应进行眼科评价。在基线时和常规评价患者期间监查视力。有糖尿病或葡萄膜炎史患者是增加风险和应定期眼科评价。
(4)用GILENYA肺功能试验中减低:当临床上有指征时获取肺活量和对一氧化碳肺弥散量(DLCO)。
(5)肝效应:GILENYA可能增加肝转氨酶。开始用GILENYA治疗前应可得到最近肝酶结果。如症状提示肝发生损伤评估肝酶。如证实显著肝损伤停止GILENYA。(5.5)
(6)胎儿风险:GILENYA治疗期间和停止后2个月内育龄潜能妇女应使用有效避孕。
不良反应
最常见不良反应(发生率 ≥10%和> 安慰剂):头痛、流感、腹泻、背痛、肝转氨酶升高和咳嗽。
药物相互作用
(1)类别Ia或类别III抗心律失常药:因为严重节律紊乱的风险,用类别Ia或类别III抗心律失常药治疗患者开始期间仔细监查。
(2)β阻滞剂:因为对心率相加作用的风险,用β阻滞剂治疗患者开始期间仔细监查。
(3)酮康唑[Ketoconazole]:因为与全身酮康唑同时使用期间GILENYA暴露增加70%,和不良反应的风险更大,严密监查患者。
(4)疫苗:由于感染的风险,避免减毒活疫苗时,和GILENYA治疗停止后2个月。
在特殊人群中的使用
(1)妊娠:根据动物资料, 可能引起胎儿危害。可得到妊娠注册。
(2)儿童患者:尚未确定安全性和有效性。
(3)肝损伤:严密监查严重肝损伤患者,因GILENYA暴露加倍,和不良反应的风险较大。
Gilenya(芬戈莫德胶囊)用于多发性硬化症说明书[附件:/uploadfile/article/uploadfile/201009/20100923032707119.pdf]
Manufacturer:
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp
Pharmacological Class:
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator.
Active Ingredient(s):
Fingolimod (as HCl) 0.5mg; caps.
Indication(s):
For relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS): to reduce the frequency of clinical exacerbations and to delay the accumulation of physical disability.
Pharmacology:
Fingolimod blocks lymphocytes from leaving lymph nodes, reducing the numbers of circulating lymphocytes. The exact mechanism for its effects on MS is not known, but it may involve the reduction of lymphocyte migration in the CNS.
Clinical Trials:
Two studies were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of fingolimod in treating patients with relapsing remitting MS. Study 1 was a placebo-controlled study in patients who had not received interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate for at least the previous 3 months and had not received natalizumab for at least the previous 6 months. The primary endpoint was the annualized relapse rate. At randomization, patients had an Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) ranging from 0–5.5 (median 2.0). Patients given fingolimod 0.5mg daily had an annualized response rate of 0.18, compared to 0.4 for those given placebo. Seventy percent of patients in the fingolimod 0.5mg group were relapse-free, compared to 46% for placebo. The 1.25mg dose did not show any additional benefit.
Study 2 was a double-dummy, active-controlled study in patients who had not received any natalizumab in the previous 6 months; prior therapy with glatiramer acetate or interferon-beta was permitted up to the time of randomization. The median baseline EDSS score was 2.0. Patients were randomized to fingolimod 0.5mg/day, fingolimod 1.25mg/day, or interferon beta-1a 30mcg IM once weekly for up to 12 months. The annualized relapse rate for patients given fingolimod 0.5mg/day was 0.16, compared to 0.33 for those given interferon. Eighty-three percent of those on fingolimod 0.5mg were relapse-free, compared to 70% of those on interferon. There was no additional benefit seen with fingolimod dosed at 1.25mg daily. A secondary endpoint, the number of new or enlarging T2 lesions seen on MRI, showed an advantage for fingolimod as well.
Legal Classification:
Rx
Adults:
≥18years: 0.5mg once daily. Monitor 1st dose (6 hours).
Children:
<18years: not recommended.
Warnings/Precautions:
Active acute or chronic infection: do not start treatment until infection resolved. Obtain recent CBC before starting treatment. Consider suspending therapy if serious infection develops; monitor for infections during treatment and for 2 months after discontinuation. Test for antibodies to varicella zoster virus; consider immunization before starting fingolimod. Immunosuppressed. Cardiac risk factors: monitor for bradycardia for 6 hours after 1st dose; consider baseline ECG. Bradycardia (<55bpm). History of syncope. Sick sinus syndrome. 2nd or 3rd degree heart block. Cardiac ischemia. CHF. QT prolongation. Arrhythmias. Diabetes, history of uveitis: increased risk of macular edema. Monitor visual acuity and for visual disturbances. Do ophthalmic exam at baseline, and at 3–4 months after starting therapy. Recent LFTs (eg, within 6 months) should be available; monitor; discontinue if liver injury occurs. Respiratory dysfunction. Renal or severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy (Cat.C) (use effective contraception during and for 2 months after discontinuation), nursing mothers: not recommended.
Interaction(s):
Potentiated by ketoconazole. Class Ia (eg, quinidine, procainamide) or Class III antiarrhythmics (eg, amiodarone, sotalol), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers: increased risk of bradycardia. Avoid live virus vaccines during treatment and for 2 months after discontinuing fingolimod; may have suboptimal response. Caution with antineoplastic, immunosuppressant or immunomodulating therapies: increased risk of immunosuppression.
Adverse Reaction(s):
Headache, influenza, diarrhea, back pain, increased liver transaminases, cough, hypertension; transient decreased heart rate and AV conduction, increased infection risk, macular edema, decreased pulmonary function.
How Supplied:
Caps—7, 28
FDA发布芬戈莫德安全通告
2011年12月20日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)网站发布信息称,他们收到了一例多发性硬化(MS)病人应用第一剂芬戈莫德(fingolimod)(商品名:Gilenya)后24小时内死亡的报告。
报告称,该例病人还同时应用了美托洛尔(β-阻滞剂)和氨氯地平(钙通道阻滞剂)。用第一剂芬戈莫德后病人接受了6小时监测,平安无事,但在用药后24小时内死亡。死亡的确切原因还未确定。当前,FDA也不能断定是否为芬戈莫德导致病人死亡。FDA正在与芬戈莫德生产商密切合作,一起评估此例上市后死亡病例报告,一旦有任何新消息将立即通报。
FDA相信,如果按照说明书应用芬戈莫德,该药有重要的健康益处。FDA建议医务人员按照已被批准的芬戈莫德药物标签上的建议使用该药。在没有征得医师同意前,MS病人不应该自行停用芬戈莫德。
FDA建议医务人员:
1、严格按照芬戈莫德药物标上的建议使用该药。
2、使用第一剂芬戈莫德后,要观察6个小时,监测心动过缓的症状和体征。
3、在使用第一剂芬戈莫德前,对于有心动过缓危险的病人,如果患者近期没有做过心电图(ECG),建议做基线ECG。
4、芬戈莫德还没有在以下病人中进行过研究,包括有缺血性心脏病、充血性心力衰竭、2度或3度房室传导阻滞、病态窦房结综合征或Q-T间期延长,以及同时应用芬戈莫德和Ⅰa类或Ⅲ类抗心律失常药的病人。这些病人和正在使用β-阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂的病人,以及心率慢或有晕厥史的病人,发生心动过缓和传导阻滞的危险增加。在开始使用芬戈莫德治疗时要认真监测这些病人。
5、如果Gilenya已停用2周以上,再开始应用芬戈莫德时,芬戈莫德对心率和房室(AV)传导的影响可再出现。应该采用与第一次使用芬戈莫德时相同的预防措施和监督办法。
6、确保你的病人知道心动过缓的症状和体征,以及什么时候需要去医院。
7、向FDA MedWatch项目报告与芬戈莫德有关的不良事件。
芬戈莫德有数种已知的副作用,包括使用第一剂芬戈莫德后心率和(或)房室传导减慢。正在用Ⅰa类或Ⅲ类抗心律失常药、β-阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂的病人,以及心率慢,有晕厥史,有病态窦房结综合征、2度或3度房室传导阻滞、缺血性心脏病或充血性心力衰竭的病人,发生心动过缓或心脏传导阻滞的危险增加。Gilenya(剂型:0.5 mg口服胶囊)是一种治疗成人复发型多发性硬化(MS)的口服药,可降低临床恶化频率和延缓身体残疾的发生.