Adenoscan(adenosine 腺苷注射剂)是一种领先的药理应激剂，用于心肌灌注成像 【中文品名】腺苷 【药效类别】辅酶类药>冠脉扩张药 【通用药名】ADENOSINE 【别　　名】Adenocard, Adenoscan, Laearnol, Embran, Adenine, Riboside 【化学名称】 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl- 【CA登记号】[58-61-7] 【结 构 式】 【分 子 式】C10H13N5O4 【分 子 量】267.24 【收录药典】 【开发单位】Lyphomed (美国) 【首次上市】1989年，美国 【性　　状】 白色结晶性粉末，无臭，味苦。难溶于水，不溶于乙醇，几乎不溶于乙醚和三氯甲烷。mp234~235℃，[α]D11-61.7℃(C=0.706，H2O)。 【用　　途】 强效冠脉扩张剂。具有扩张周围血管作用。用于治疗心绞痛，心肌梗塞，冠脉功能不全，动脉硬化症，原发性高血压，脑血管障碍，中风后遗症和进行性心肌萎缩症等。 【用法用量】 成人常用量： 静脉注射，在2s内直接静脉注射或通过静脉输液通路的最近端快速冲击推注，然后以氯化钠注射液快速冲洗。初始剂量3mg，第二次给药剂量为6mg，第三次为12mg，间隔1～2s，若出现高度房室传导阻滞不得再增加补充。 国外用法用量如下作为参考。 1.成人常用量：静脉注射： (1)室上性心动过速：首剂为6mg，在2s内直接静脉快速推注，然后以氯化钠注射液快速冲洗。如心动过速未终止，可在1～2min后给第二剂和第三剂各12mg；也可以先给初始剂量3mg，如心动过速仍然存在，可间隔1～2min给第二剂6mg，第三剂12mg。一次给药不超过12mg。 (2)铊-201心肌显像：按每分钟140μg/kg静脉给药，总量为0.84mg/kg，在6min内输注完。肾功能不全或肝功能不全患者无需调整剂量。 2.儿童常用量：静脉注射，体重＜50kg者，快速静脉注射0.05～0.1mg/kg，如1～2min未转复，增加0.05～0.1mg/kg，最大不超过0.3mg/kg。 【包装规格】 ADENOSCAN 3MG/ML 20ML SDV 1/EA  ADENOSINE     00469-0871-20      ADENOSCAN 3MG/ML 30ML SDV 1/EA  ADENOSINE     00469-0871-30         ADENOSCAN VIAL 3MG/ML 20ML  ADENOSINE     00469-0871-20      ADENOSCAN VIAL 3MG/ML 30ML  ADENOSINE     00469-0871-30  生产厂家： 安斯泰来制药美国公司 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ADENOSCAN safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ADENOSCAN. ADENOSCAN ® (adenosine) injection, for intravenous use Initial U.S. Approval: 1995 RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions: Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Myocardial Infarction (5.1)                             10/2013 Warnings and Precautions: Cerebrovascular Accidents (5.5)    8/2014 Warnings and Precautions: Seizures (5.6)             8/2014 Warnings and Precautions: Hypersensitivity (5.7)   8/2014 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Adenoscan, a pharmacologic stress agent, is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients unable to exercise adequately (1) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Recommended dose is 0.14 mg/kg/min infused over six minutes as a continuous peripheral intravenous infusion (total dose of 0.84 mg/kg) (2) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS For Injection: 3 mg/mL in single-dose vials (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS • Second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker) ( 4) • Sinus node disease, such as sick sinus syndrome or symptomatic bradycardia (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker) ( 4) • Known or suspected bronchoconstrictive or bronchospastic lung disease (e.g., asthma) ( 4) • Known hypersensitivity to Adenoscan ( 4) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Myocardial Infarction. Fatal cardiac events have occurred. Avoid use in patients with symptoms or signs of acute myocardial ischemia. Appropriate resuscitative measures should be available ( 5.1) • Sinoatrial (SA) and Atrioventricular (AV) Nodal Block. First-, second- or third-degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia can occur. Discontinue Adenoscan if patient develops persistent or symptomatic high-grade AV block ( 5.2) • Bronchoconstriction. Can induce dyspnea, bronchoconstriction, and respiratory compromise, especially in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Discontinue Adenoscan if patient develops severe respiratory difficulties ( 5.3) • Hypotension. Significant hypotension can occur. Discontinue Adenoscan if patient develops persistent or symptomatic hypotension ( 5.4) • Cerebrovascular Accidents. Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents have occurred ( 5.5) • Seizures. New onset or recurrence of convulsive seizures have occurred. Use of methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, aminophylline and theophylline) is not recommended in patients who experience seizures in association with Adenoscan ( 5.6) • Hypersensitivity. Dyspnea, throat tightness, flushing, erythema, rash, and chest discomfort have occurred. Have personnel and resuscitative equipment immediately available ( 5.7) • Atrial Fibrillation. Reported in patients with or without a history of atrial fibrillation ( 5.8) • Hypertension. Clinically significant increases in systolic and diastolic pressure have been observed ( 5.9) ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 10%) are: flushing; chest discomfort; shortness of breath; headache; throat, neck or jaw discomfort; gastrointestinal discomfort; and dizziness (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Astellas Pharma US, Inc. at 1-800-727-7003 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. DRUG INTERACTIONS • Methylxanthines interfere with the activity of Adenoscan ( 7.1, 10) • Nucleoside transport inhibitors such as dipyridamole can increase the activity of Adenoscan ( 7.1) See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 8/2014 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Adenoscan (adenosine) is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients unable to exercise adequately. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended Adenoscan dose is 0.14 mg/kg/min infused over six minutes (total dose of 0.84 mg/kg) (Table 1). • Administer Adenoscan only as a continuous peripheral intravenous infusion • Inject Thallium-201 at the midpoint of the Adenoscan infusion (i.e., after the first three minutes of Adenoscan) • Thallium-201 is physically compatible with Adenoscan and may be injected directly into the Adenoscan infusion set • Inject Thallium-201 as close to the venous access as possible to prevent an inadvertent increase in the dose of Adenoscan (the contents of the intravenous tubing) being administered Visually inspect Adenoscan for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not administer Adenoscan if it contains particulate matter or is discolored. There are no data on the safety or efficacy of alternative Adenoscan infusion protocols. The safety and efficacy of Adenoscan administered by the intracoronary route have not been established. Table 1. Dosage Chart for Adenoscan  Patient Weight (kilograms) Infusion Rate (mL per minute over 6 minutes for total dose of 0.84 mg/kg) 45 2.1 50 2.3 55 2.6 60 2.8 65 3 70 3.3 75 3.5 80 3.8 85 4 90 4.2 The nomogram displayed in Table 1 was derived from the following general formula: 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Adenoscan for injection is supplied as 20 mL and 30 mL single-dose vials containing a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution of adenosine 3 mg/mL. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Adenoscan is contraindicated in patients with: • Second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Sinus node disease, such as sick sinus syndrome or symptomatic bradycardia (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Known or suspected bronchoconstrictive or bronchospastic lung disease (e.g., asthma) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Known hypersensitivity to Adenoscan [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]  5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Myocardial Infarction Fatal and nonfatal cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular tachycardia (requiring resuscitation), and myocardial infarction have occurred following Adenoscan infusion. Avoid use in patients with symptoms or signs of acute myocardial ischemia, for example, unstable angina or cardiovascular instability; these patients may be at greater risk of serious cardiovascular reactions to Adenoscan. Appropriate resuscitative measures should be available [see Overdosage (10)]. 5.2 Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodal Block Adenoscan exerts a direct depressant effect on the SA and AV nodes and may cause first-, second- or third-degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia. In clinical trials, approximately 6% of patients developed AV block following Adenoscan administration (first-degree heart block developed in 3%, second-degree in 3%, and third-degree in 0.8% of patients) [see Clinical Trials Experience (6.1)]. Use Adenoscan with caution in patients with pre-existing first-degree AV block or bundle branch block. Do not use in patients with high-grade AV block or sinus node dysfunction (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker). Discontinue Adenoscan in any patient who develops persistent or symptomatic high-grade AV block. 5.3 Bronchoconstriction Adenoscan administration can cause dyspnea, bronchoconstriction, and respiratory compromise. Adenoscan should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung disease not associated with bronchoconstriction (e.g., emphysema, bronchitis). Do not use in patients with bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm (e.g., asthma). Discontinue Adenoscan in any patient who develops severe respiratory difficulties. Resuscitative measures should be available prior to Adenoscan administration [see Clinical Trials Experience (6.1), Overdosage (10), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 5.4 Hypotension Adenoscan is a potent peripheral vasodilator and can induce significant hypotension. The risk of serious hypotension may be higher in patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, stenotic valvular heart disease, pericarditis or pericardial effusions, or stenotic carotid artery disease with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Discontinue Adenoscan in any patient who develops persistent or symptomatic hypotension. 5.5 Cerebrovascular Accident Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents have occurred. Hemodynamic effects of Adenoscan including hypotension or hypertension can be associated with these adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and (5.9)]. 5.6 Seizures New-onset or recurrence of convulsive seizures has occurred following Adenoscan. Some seizures are prolonged and require emergent anticonvulsive management. Aminophylline may increase the risk of seizures associated with Adenoscan. Methylxanthine use is not recommended in patients who experience seizures in association with Adenoscan administration [see Overdosage (10)]. 5.7 Hypersensitivity Dyspnea, throat tightness, flushing, erythema, rash, and chest discomfort have occurred. Symptomatic treatment may be required. Have personnel and appropriate treatment available. Resuscitative measures may be necessary if symptoms progress [see Post-Marketing Experience (6.2)]. 5.8 Atrial Fibrillation Adenoscan can cause atrial fibrillation in patients with or without a history of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation typically began 1.5 to 3 minutes after initiation of Adenoscan, lasted for 15 seconds to 6 hours, and spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm [see Post-Marketing Experience (6.2)]. 5.9 Hypertension Adenoscan can induce clinically significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Most increases resolved spontaneously within several minutes, but in some cases, hypertension lasted for several hours [see Clinical Trials Experience (6.1)].  6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the prescribing information: • Fatal Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Myocardial Infarction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodal Block [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Bronchoconstriction [see  Warnings and Precautions  (5.3)] • Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Cerebrovascular Accident [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] • Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] • Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] • Atrial Fibrillation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)] • Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The following adverse reactions, with an incidence of at least 1%, were reported with Adenoscan among 1,421 patients in clinical trials. Eleven percent (11%) of the adverse reactions occurred several hours after Adenoscan administration. Eight percent (8%) of the adverse reactions began with Adenoscan infusion and persisted for up to 24 hours. The most common (incidence ≥ 10%) adverse reactions to Adenoscan are flushing, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, headache, throat, neck or jaw discomfort, gastrointestinal discomfort, and dizziness (Table 2). Table 2. Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials (Frequency ≥ 1%) Adverse Reactions Adenoscan N=1,421 Flushing 44% Chest discomfort 40% Dyspnea 28% Headache 18% Throat, neck or jaw discomfort 15% Gastrointestinal discomfort 13% Lightheadedness/dizziness 12% Upper extremity discomfort 4% ST segment depression 3% First-degree AV block 3% Second-degree AV block 3% Paresthesia 2% Hypotension 2% Nervousness 2% Arrhythmias 1% Adverse reactions to Adenoscan of any severity reported in less than 1% of patients include: Body as a Whole: back discomfort, lower extremity discomfort, weakness Cardiovascular System: myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, third-degree AV block, bradycardia, palpitation, sinus exit block, sinus pause, T-wave changes, hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 200 mm Hg) Respiratory System: cough Central Nervous System: drowsiness, emotional instability, tremors Genital/Urinary System: vaginal pressure, urgency Special Senses: blurred vision, dry mouth, ear discomfort, metallic taste, nasal congestion, scotomas, tongue discomfort 6.2 Post-Marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been reported from marketing experience with Adenoscan. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, are associated with concomitant diseases and multiple drug therapies and surgical procedures, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiac Disorders:  cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia Gastrointestinal Disorders:   nausea and vomiting General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: chest pain, injection site reaction, infusion site pain Immune System Disorders:   hypersensitivity Nervous System Disorders:  cerebrovascular accident including intracranial hemorrhage,seizure activity including tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, lossof consciousness Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: bronchospasm, respiratory arrest, throat tightness 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS 7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on Adenoscan • The vasoactive effects of adenosine are inhibited by adenosine receptor antagonists, such as methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, aminophylline, and theophylline). The safety and efficacy of Adenoscan in the presence of these agents has not been systematically evaluated [see Overdosage (10)]. • The vasoactive effects of Adenoscan are potentiated by nucleoside transport inhibitors such as dipyridamole. The safety and efficacy of adenosine in the presence of dipyridamole has not been systematically evaluated. • Whenever possible, drugs that might inhibit or augment the effects of adenosine should be withheld for at least five half-lives prior to the use of Adenoscan. 7.2 Effects of Adenoscan on Other Drugs Adenoscan adenosine injection has been given with other cardioactive drugs (such as beta adrenergic blocking agents, cardiac glycosides, and calcium channel blockers) without apparent adverse interactions, but its effectiveness with these agents has not been systematically evaluated. Because of the potential for additive or synergistic depressant effects on the SA and AV nodes, however, Adenoscan should be used with caution in the presence of these agents [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with adenosine; nor have studies been performed in pregnant women. Because it is not known whether Adenoscan can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women, Adenoscan should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether Adenoscan is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from Adenoscan in nursing infants, the decision to interrupt nursing after administration of Adenoscan or not to administer Adenoscan, should take into account the importance of the drug to the mother. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of Adenoscan in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies with Adenoscan did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged younger than 65 years to determine whether they respond differently. Other reported experience has not revealed clinically relevant differences of the response of elderly in comparison to younger patients.  10 OVERDOSAGE The half-life of adenosine is less than 10 seconds and adverse reactions of Adenoscan usually resolve quickly when the infusion is discontinued, although delayed or persistent reactions have been observed. Methylxanthines, such as caffeine, aminophylline, and theophylline, are competitive adenosine receptor antagonists and theophylline has been used to terminate persistent adverse reactions. In clinical trials, theophylline (50-125 mg slow intravenous injection) was used to attenuate Adenoscan adverse reactions in approximately 2% of patients. Methylxanthine use is not recommended in patients who experience seizures in association with Adenoscan [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. 11 DESCRIPTION Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside and is chemically described as 6-amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9-H-purine. Adenosine has the following structural formula: The molecular formula for adenosine is C10H13N5O4 and its molecular weight is 267.24. Adenosine is a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. Solubility increases by warming and lowering the pH of the solution. Each Adenoscan vial contains a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of adenosine 3 mg/mL and sodium chloride 9 mg/mL in water for injection, with pH between 4.5 and 7.5. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Adenosine causes cardiac vasodilation which increases cardiac blood flow. Adenosine is thought to exert its pharmacological effects through activation of purine receptors (cell-surface A1 and A2 adenosine receptors). Although the exact mechanism by which adenosine receptor activation relaxes vascular smooth muscle is not known, there is evidence to support both inhibition of the slow inward calcium current reducing calcium uptake, and activation of adenylate cyclase through A2 receptors in smooth muscle cells. Adenosine may also lessen vascular tone by modulating sympathetic neurotransmission. The intracellular uptake of adenosine is mediated by a specific transmembrane nucleoside transport system. Once inside the cell, adenosine is rapidly phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to adenosine monophosphate, or deaminated by adenosine deaminase to inosine. These intracellular metabolites of adenosine are not vasoactive. Myocardial uptake of thallium-201 is directly proportional to coronary blood flow. Since Adenoscan significantly increases blood flow in normal coronary arteries with little or no increase in stenotic arteries, Adenoscan causes relatively less thallium-201 uptake in vascular territories supplied by stenotic coronary arteries (i.e., a greater difference is seen after Adenoscan between areas served by normal and areas served by stenotic vessels than is seen prior to Adenoscan). 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Hemodynamic Effects Adenosine produces a direct negative chronotropic, dromotropic and inotropic effect on the heart, presumably due to A1-receptor agonism, and produces peripheral vasodilation, presumably due to A2-receptor agonism. The net effect of Adenoscan in humans is typically a mild to moderate reduction in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure associated with a reflex increase in heart rate. Rarely, significant hypotension and tachycardia have been observed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Distribution Intravenously administered adenosine distributes from the circulation via cellular uptake, primarily by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. This process involves a specific transmembrane nucleoside carrier system that is reversible, nonconcentrative, and bidirectionally symmetrical. Metabolism Intracellular adenosine is metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol. Since adenosine kinase has a lower Km and Vmax than adenosine deaminase, deamination plays a significant role only when cytosolic adenosine saturates the phosphorylation pathway. Inosine formed by deamination of adenosine can leave the cell intact or can be degraded to hypoxanthine, xanthine, and ultimately uric acid. Adenosine monophosphate formed by phosphorylation of adenosine is incorporated into the high-energy phosphate pool. Elimination While extracellular adenosine is primarily cleared from plasma by cellular uptake with a half-life of less than 10 seconds in whole blood, excessive amounts may be deaminated by an ecto-form of adenosine deaminase. Specific Populations Renal Impairment As adenosine does not require renal function for its activation or inactivation, renal impairment would not be expected to alter its effectiveness or tolerability. Hepatic Impairment As adenosine does not require hepatic function for its activation or inactivation, hepatic impairment would not be expected to alter its effectiveness or tolerability. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate adenosine’s carcinogenic potential or potential effects on fertility. Adenosine was negative for genotoxic potential in the Salmonella (Ames Test) and Mammalian Microsome Assay. Adenosine, however, like other nucleosides at millimolar concentrations present for several doubling times of cells in culture, is known to produce a variety of chromosomal alterations. 14 CLINICAL STUDIES In two crossover comparative studies involving 319 subjects who could exercise (including 106 healthy volunteers and 213 patients with known or suspected coronary disease), Adenoscan and exercise thallium images were compared by blinded observers. The images were concordant for the presence of perfusion defects in 85.5% of cases by global analysis (patient by patient) and up to 93% of cases based on vascular territories. In the two studies, 193 patients also had recent coronary arteriography for comparison (healthy volunteers were not catheterized). The sensitivity for detecting angiographically significant disease (≥ 50% reduction in the luminal diameter of at least one major vessel) was 64% for Adenoscan and 64% for exercise testing. The specificity was 54% for Adenoscan and 65% for exercise testing. The 95% confidence limits for Adenoscan sensitivity were 56% to 78% and for specificity were 37% to 71%. Intracoronary Doppler flow catheter studies have demonstrated that a dose of intravenous Adenoscan of 0.14 mg/kg/min produces maximum coronary hyperemia (relative to intracoronary papaverine) in approximately 95% of cases within two to three minutes of the onset of the infusion. Coronary blood flow velocity returns to basal levels within one to two minutes of discontinuing the Adenoscan infusion. 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How SuppliedAdenoscan is supplied as 20 mL and 30 mL vials of sterile, nonpyrogenic, preservative-free, solution in normal saline: • 20 mL single-dose vial: NDC 0469-0871-20 60 mg/20 mL (3 mg/mL) in a 20 mL single-dose, flip-top glass vial, packaged individually and in packages of ten • 30 mL single-dose vial: NDC 0469-0871-30 90 mg/30 mL (3 mg/mL) in a 30 mL single-dose, flip-top glass vial, packaged individually and in packages of ten Storage and Handling• Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F) • Do not refrigerate as crystallization may occur. If crystallization has occurred, dissolve crystals by warming to room temperature. The solution must be clear at the time of use • Discard unused portion 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION • Advise patients that they may be at increased risk of fatal and nonfatal heart attacks, abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, heart block, significant increase or decrease in blood pressure, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, or cerebrovascular accidents with the use of Adenoscan [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1-5.9)]. • Advise patients with COPD or asthma to discuss their respiratory history with their clinician before scheduling a myocardial perfusion imaging study with Adenoscan [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. • Methylxanthines have the potential to impact the effects of Adenoscan. Instruct patients to avoid consumption of any products containing methylxanthines, including caffeinated coffee, tea or other caffeinated beverages, caffeine-containing drug products, aminophylline, and theophylline prior to the myocardial perfusion imaging study. Question patients about a history of seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7.1), and Overdosage (10)]. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=E49090C7-8968-405F-85D4-17A0EC5BFC58