【药物名称】痰易净
【英文名】Acetylcysteine
【别名】N-乙酰半胱氨酸，易咳净， 痰易净
【外文名】Acetylcysteine，NAC, Mucomyst, AIRBRON, Respaire,Acetein Cysteine
【性状】白色结晶性粉末，有类似蒜的臭气，味酸，有引湿性。在水或乙醇中易溶。熔点101--107℃。
【药理作用】系粘痰溶解剂，具有较强的粘痰溶解作用。其分子中所含巯基（-SH）能使痰中糖蛋白多肽链中的二硫键（-S-S-）断裂，降低痰的粘滞性，并使之液化。本品还能使脓性痰中的DNA纤维断裂，故不仅能溶解白色粘痰而且也能溶解脓性痰。
【适应症】适用于大量粘痰阻塞引起的呼吸困难，如手术后的咯痰困难、急性和慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺结核、肺炎、肺气肿等引起的痰液粘稠、咯痰困难、痰阻气管等。本品尚可用于对乙酰氨基酚中毒的解毒。

【用量用法】口服：每次300毫克，每日3次。喷雾：10%溶液，每次1～3毫升，每日2～3次。 1.喷雾：仅用于非应急情况下，以１０％溶液喷雾吸入，每次１～３ｍｌ，１日２～３次。 2.气管滴入：急救时，以５％溶液经气管插管或直接滴入气管内，每次１～２ｍｌ，１日２～６次。 3.气管注入：急救时，以５％溶液用注射器自气管的甲状软骨环骨膜处注入气管腔内，每次０．５～２ｍｌ（婴儿０．５ｍｌ，儿童１ｍｌ，成人２ｍｌ）。

【注意事项】1.本品直接滴入呼吸道可产生大量痰液，需用吸痰器吸引排痰． 2.可引起咳呛、支气管痉挛、恶心、呕吐、胃炎等不良反应，一般减量即可缓解。如遇有恶心、呕吐可暂停给药。支气管痉挛可用异丙肾上腺素缓解。 3.与异丙肾上腺素合用或交替使用，可提高药效，减少不良反应。 4.不宜与金属、橡皮、氧化剂、氧气接触，故喷雾器需用玻璃或塑胶制作。本品应临用前配制，用剩的溶液应严封贮于冰箱中，４８小时内用完。 5.支气管哮喘者禁用。 6.本品能增加金制剂的排泄；减弱青霉素、四环素、先锋霉素的抗菌活性，故不宜与这些药物并用。必要时，可间隔４小时交替使用

【药物相互作用】本品能增加金制剂的排泄；减弱青霉素、四环素、头孢菌素类的抗菌活性，故不宜与这些药物并用。必要时可间断4小时交替使用。
【类别】祛痰药
【原产地英文商品名】:ACETYLCYSTEINE 10%(GENERIC FOR MUCOMYST)10ml/vial 3vials/box
【原产地英文药品名】:ACETYLCYSTEINE
【中文参考商品译名】:乙酰半胱氨酸 10%(痰易净仿制药)10毫升/瓶 3瓶/盒
【中文参考药品译名】:乙酰半胱氨酸
【生产厂家中文参考译名】:ROXANE
【生产厂家英文名】:ROXANE

GENERIC NAME: ACETYLCYSTEINE - INHALATION/ORAL (a-SEET-il-SIS-teen)

USES: When inhaled by mouth, acetylcysteine is used to help thin and loosen mucus in the airways due to certain lung diseases (such as emphysema, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia). This effect helps you to clear the mucus from your lungs so that you can breath easier.When taken by mouth, acetylcysteine is used to prevent liver damage from acetaminophen overdose.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This drug may also be taken by mouth to prevent kidney damage due to dyes from certain X-ray procedures (such as CT scan).

HOW TO USE: If you are using this medication to treat lung disease, inhale this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. A health care professional will show you the proper way to use this medication. Learn all preparation and usage instructions.You may notice a slight odor when you first breath in the medication. This odor will quickly go away. If you are using a face mask to breath in the medication, there may be some stickiness on your face after use. Wash your face with water to remove the stickiness.Do not mix acetylcysteine with other inhaled medications unless directed by the doctor or pharmacist.If you are using this medication to treat acetaminophen overdose, take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor. The solution is usually mixed with another liquid (such as cola) to decrease nausea and vomiting. Drink the medication within 1 hour of mixing.Tell your doctor if you vomit within 1 hour after taking your medication. You may need to take another dose.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. For acetaminophen overdose, the dosage is also be based on your weight.Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.

SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea and vomiting may occur. Mouth sores and runny nose may also occur if you are inhaling this medication by mouth. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.If you are taking this medication by mouth, tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: severe stomach/abdominal pain, black stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds.If you are inhaling this medication by mouth, seek immediate medical attention if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: chest pain/tightness, trouble breathing.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

PRECAUTIONS: Before using acetylcysteine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: asthma, stomach/intestinal ulcer.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: See also How to Use section.Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use.This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including urine ketone test), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US National Poison Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.For acetaminophen overdose, laboratory and/or medical tests (such as liver/kidney function test, acetaminophen drug levels, blood mineral levels) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.

MISSED DOSE: If you are using this medication to treat lung disease and miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.If you are using this medication to treat acetaminophen overdose, it is important to take each scheduled dose as directed. If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately to establish a new dosing schedule.

STORAGE: Store at room temperature between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) away from light. After opening the vial, store in the refrigerator between 35-46 degrees F (2-8 degrees C) and use within 96 hours (4 days). The solution may change to a light purple color. This is normal and will not affect how the drug works. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.