英文药名: Lamivudine(3TC Tablets)

中文药名: 拉米夫定（3TC片）

药品名称

通用名称: 拉米夫定
常用名称: 拉咪呋定, 拉咪呋啶, 雷米夫定
英语名称: Epivir (3TC),Heptodin,Heptovir,Lamivudine Bulk,3TC
药物类别: 核苷类抗HIV药;抗感染药物;特异性药物;抗病毒药;抗生素类抗微生物药;抗HIV病毒类药物;抗肝炎病毒类药物;反-转录酶抑制剂/RNA。
药理作用　　

在一些不同的巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞培养基和新鲜的周围血液淋巴细胞(PBL)中，对拉米夫定(3TC)的抗人类免疫缺陷病毒-1和病毒-2(HIV-1和HIV-2)的活性进行了测试。本品用于抑制病毒复制50％的浓度为4nmol/L～0.67μmol/L。
在体外，本品与AZT有协同作用，但是与ddc和ddl有加和作用。
本品对于临床上分离的拮抗AZT的HIV也有活性。
拉米夫定在体内不管是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染还是未感染的周围血液淋巴细胞中被磷酸化成5’-三磷酸化合物，其 t1/2为10～15小时。本品并不影响脱氧核苷在U937细胞中的代谢。
拉米夫定的5’-三磷酸化合物是人类免疫缺陷病毒逆转录酶(HIV-RT)的一个竞争性抑制剂〔相对三磷酸脱氧胞苷(dCTP)而言〕(其表观 Ki＝106±1.0～12.4±5.1μmol/L)拉米夫定5’-三磷酸化合物对于RT DNA依赖的DNA聚合酶的IC50为23.4±2.5μmol/L。相对于dCTP来说，拉米夫定5’-三磷酸化合物是哺乳动物DNA聚合酶β和γ的竞争性抑制剂，其Ki分别为18.7μmol／L和15.8±0.8μmol／L。该化合物抑制DNA聚合酶α的IC50为175±31μmol/L。拉米夫定也是HIV-RT的一条链结尾物，进一步研究表明链结尾作用是这个化合物作用的主要机理。
本品是乙肝病毒(HBV)交叉感染的HepG2细胞HBV-DNA复制的有效抑制剂(IC50为0.1μmol/L)。而且，该化合物在一日2次0.3mg/kg的剂量下对HBV慢性感染的黑猩猩的HBV-DNA复制有抑制作用，但是在治疗(大约80天)结束后2～3周复制会出现一个反弹反应。
适应症　　

本品适用在艾滋病患者病情好转的情况下与齐多夫定联合对艾滋病进行治疗；以及适用于获得性免疫缺陷综合征/AIDS;乙型肝炎;慢性侵袭性肝炎;慢性活动性肝炎/HBV。
用法用量　　

本品对成年人和青年人(12～16岁)的剂量是一天2次，每次150mg，与齐多夫定合并使用。对于体重不足50千克的成年人，剂量为每日2次，每次4mg/kg(直到最高剂量为150mg，一天2次)，也要与齐多夫定联合使用。
儿童病人剂量要加大，这是由于该药在儿童体内的平均生物利用度较低。
任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
制剂/规格

片剂：含量为150mg；300mg。
口服液：10mg/ml装在240ml获300ml塑料瓶中。
不良反应　

主要是胃肠道反应(恶心33％，腹泻18％，恶心和呕吐13％，厌食10％)；神经系统反应(神经痛12％，麻木10％，失眠11％)。另有头痛35％，困倦27％，发热或畏寒10％，鼻塞20％，咳嗽18％，骨骼肌痛12％以及中性粒细胞减少症5％～7％。

包装规格：
·150mg*60 片
·300mg *30 片
·150mg *100 片    
·300mg *100 片

Drug Info: Lamivudine, 3TC; Zidovudine, ZDV

Lamivudine, 3TC; Zidovudine, ZDV tablets

What are Combivir® tablets?
Combivir® is a combination of two antiviral drugs in one tablet. Combivir® can slow down the damage caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The amount of HIV virus in the blood is called "viral load." Combivir® can reduce the viral load, especially when combined with another anti-HIV drug. Combivir® will not cure or prevent HIV infection or AIDS. Generic lamivudine/zidovudine combination tablets are not yet available.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
• dental problems
• kidney disease
• liver disease
• pancreatitis
• tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
• an unusual or allergic reaction to lamivudine, zidovudine, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding
How should I take this medicine?
Take Combivir® tablets by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Swallow the tablets with a drink of water. You can take Combivir® with or without food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.
It is very important that you take this medicine exactly as instructed by your prescriber or health care professional. Try not to miss any doses of Combivir®. Also, do not stop taking this medicine unless you are told to stop by your prescriber or health care professional. Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
What if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
What drug(s) may interact with Combivir®?
• atovaquone
• fluconazole
• interferon
• probenecid
• valproic acid
• zalcitabine, ddC
Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including nonprescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.
What should I watch for while taking Combivir®?
You must visit your prescriber or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Combivir® will not cure HIV infection and you can still get other illnesses associated with HIV.
Tell your prescriber or health care professional if you get tingling, pain or numbness in your hands or feet.
Tell your prescriber or health care professional at once if you have nausea and vomiting accompanied by severe stomach pain.
Combivir® can cause blood problems. This can mean slow healing and a risk of infection. Try to avoid cutting or injuring yourself. Problems can arise if you need dental work, and in the day to day care of your teeth. Try to avoid damage to your teeth and gums when you brush or floss your teeth. Your prescriber or health care professional will check your blood counts while you are receiving Combivir®. It is very important that you keep any appointments that are scheduled by your prescriber or health care professional.
Taking Combivir® does not reduce the risk of passing HIV infection to others through sexual or blood contact. It is best to avoid sexual contact so that you do not spread the disease to others. For any sexual contact, use a condom. Be careful about cuts, abrasions and other possible sources of blood contact. Never share a needle or syringe with anyone.
What side effects may I notice from taking Combivir®?
Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:
• depression
• dizziness
• fever or chills, sore throat
• loss of appetite
• muscle pain or weakness
• nausea, vomiting
• pain, tingling, or numbness in the hands or feet
• shortness of breath
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• unusual tiredness or weakness

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• change in nail color
• cough
• diarrhea
• difficulty sleeping
• headache
• runny or stuffy nose
• skin rash
• tiredness
• upset stomach
Where can I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children in a container that small children cannot open.
Store between 2 and 30 degrees C (36 and 86 degrees F). Keep the container tightly closed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.