美国FDA于2011年8月17日批准Plexxikon Inc. HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE公司Zelboraf(vemurafenib)片唯一治疗转移黑色素瘤的新药 美国食品和药品监督管理局批准Zelboraf(vemurafenib),药物治疗后期(转移)或不可切除黑色素瘤,最危险的皮肤癌类型患者。 Zelboraf是特别适用于治疗肿瘤表达基因突变被称BRAFV600E黑色素瘤患者。在用FDA批准的诊断黑色素瘤该突变检验阴性患者中尚未研究药物。 FDA的药物评价和研究中心肿瘤药品办公室主任Richard Pazdur, M.D.说“对有后期黑色素瘤患者今年是重要一年。Zelboraf是证实改善总生存的第二个被批准新抗癌药物” “3月我们批准了Yervoy(ipilimumab),为后期黑色素瘤另一个新治疗,接受药物后也显示延长患者生存。” Zelboraf的评审是在FDA的优先审评计划对治疗中有重要进展或没用适当治疗的药物提供加快6个月审评药物。在药物目标日期2011年10月28日前正在批准Zelboraf和其伴随的BRAF V600E检验而伴随诊断目标日期是2011年11月12日。 在一项单个675例既往未接受治疗有BRAF V600E突变后期黑色素瘤患者国际试验确定Zelboraf'的安全性和疗效。患者被赋予接受或Zelboraf或达卡巴嗪 [dacarbazine],另一种抗-癌治疗。试验被设计成测量总生存(患者开始治疗和死亡间时间长度)。接受Zelboraf患者未曾达到中位生存(治疗后患者生存时间长度)(77%仍生存)而接受达卡巴嗪患者中位生存为8个月(64%仍生存)。 FDA的设备和放射健康部中的在体外诊断设备评价和安全性办公室主任Alberto Gutierrez, Ph.D说:“今天批准的Zelboraf和cobas检验是发展伴随诊断和使用以保证患者以安全方式被暴露至高度有效,更个体化治疗一个大实例。” FDA批准cobas 4800 BRAF V600突变检验是根据来自临床研究的数据也评价Zelboraf的安全性和有效性。收集患者的黑色素瘤组织样品为检验突变。 批准日期:2011年8月17日;公司:Plexxikon Inc. HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE ZELBORAF™ (vemurafenib)为口服片剂 美国初始批准:2011 作用机制 是一种低分子量,口服可利用,BRAF丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶,包括BRAFV600E的某些突变形式的抑制剂。在体外在相似浓度Vemurafenib还抑制其它激酶例如CRAF,ARAF,野生型RAF,SRMS,ACK1,MAP4K5和FGR。在BRA基因中某些突变包括V600E导致组成性激活的BRAF蛋白,可能在缺乏生长因子中引起细胞增殖,正常需要生长因子。在有突变的BRAFV600E黑色素瘤的细胞和动物模型中Vemurafenib有抗肿瘤效应。 适应证和用途 ZELBORAF™是一种激酶抑制剂适用于有不可切除或转移黑色素瘤有用FDA-批准的检验检测BRAFV600E突变患者的治疗。 使用限制:有野生型BRAF黑色素瘤患者中建议不使用ZELBORAF。 剂量和给药方法 (1)推荐剂量:960 mg口服bid。 (2)接近12小时间隔给予ZELBORAF有或无进餐。 (3)应用一杯水完整吞服ZELBORAF。不应咀嚼或压碎ZELBORAF。 (4)症状性不良药物反应的处理可能需要减低剂量,中断治疗,或终止ZELBORAF治疗。不建议减低剂量导致剂量低于480mg。 剂型和规格 膜衣片:240mg 禁忌证 无 警告和注意事项 (1)24%患者中发生皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cuSCC)。治疗开始前和当用治疗时每2个月进行皮肤学评价。切除处理和继续治疗不调整剂量。 (2)治疗期间和再次开始治疗时曾报道严重超敏反应,包括过敏反应。经受严重超敏反应患者中终止ZELBORAF。 (3)曾报道严重皮肤学反应,包括Stevens-Johnson综合征和中毒性表皮坏死溶解。经受严重皮肤学反应患者中终止治疗。 (4)曾报道QT延长。治疗前和调整剂量后监视ECG和电解质。在第15天,治疗头3个月期间每3个月,其后每3个月,或更常如临床指示时监视ECGs。如QTc超过500 ms,短暂中断ZELBORAF,校正电解质异常,和控制对QT延长风险因子。 (5)可能发生肝实验室异常。治疗开始前和治疗期间每月,或当临床指示时监视肝酶和胆红素。 (6)曾报道光敏性。服用ZELBORAF时建议患者避免暴露阳光。 (7)曾报道严重眼科反应,包括葡萄膜炎,虹膜炎和视网膜静脉阻塞。对眼科反应常规监视患者。 (8)曾报道新原发性恶性黑色素瘤。切除处理,和继续治疗无剂量调整。如上所述,进行皮肤学监视。 (9)妊娠:可能致胎儿危害. 忠告妇女对胎儿潜在风险. (10)为了选择适于ZELBORAF治疗患者,用一种FDA-批准的检验BRAF突变。尚未在有野生型BRAF黑色素瘤患者中研究ZELBORAF的疗效和安全性。 不良反应 最常见不良反应(≥ 30%)是关节痛,皮疹,脱发,疲乏,光敏反应,恶心,瘙痒和皮肤乳头状瘤。 药物相互作用 (1)CYP底物:建议不要的同时使用ZELBORAF与被CYP3A4,CYP1A2或CYP2D6代谢治疗窗狭窄药物。如不能避免共同给药,谨慎对待和考虑减低同时CYP1A2或CYP2D6底物药物的剂量。 (2)ZELBORAF可能增加同时给药华法林[warfarin]暴露。当ZELBORAF与华法林同时使用时谨慎对待和考虑另外INR监视。 如何供应/贮存和处置 ZELBORAF(vemurafenib)以240 mg膜衣片供应一侧凹有VEM,在单个瓶中120片。以下是可得到的包装: NDC 50242-090-01 贮存和稳定性:贮存在室温20°C - 25°C (68°F - 77°F);外出时允许15°C和30°C间(59°F和86°F), 见USP控制室温。贮存在原始包装,盖密封。 遗弃为使用/过期药品: 药品发放应尽量缩短。药品应透过废水遗弃和应避免与家用废物遗弃。如当地可得到使用确定的“收集系统”。 Zelboraf(vemurafenib tablet,威罗菲尼片)由罗氏(Roche)生产,在2011年8月份被FDA批准用于治疗晚期转移性或不能切除的黑色素瘤;2012年2月20日,欧盟委员会批准其用于治疗成人BRAF V600突变阳性、经手术不能切除或转移性黑色素瘤。 ZELBORAF™ (vemurafenib) Indication and Usage ZELBORAF™ (vemurafenib) is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ZELBORAF is not recommended for use in patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma. Important Safety Information Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) Cases of cuSCC, including both SCCs of the skin and keratoacanthomas, have been reported in patients treated with ZELBORAF. The incidence of cuSCC in ZELBORAF-treated patients in the Phase III study was 24%. The median time to first appearance of cuSCC was 7 to 8 weeks. Potential risk factors included age ≥65 years, prior skin cancer, and chronic sun exposure. All patients should receive a dermatologic evaluation prior to initiation of therapy, every 2 months while on therapy, and potentially for 6 months following discontinuation of ZELBORAF. Any suspicious skin lesions should be excised, evaluated, and treated as per standard of care. Hypersensitivity and Dermatologic Reactions Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported in association with ZELBORAF and upon re-initiation of treatment. Severe reactions may include generalized rash and erythema or hypotension. Severe dermatologic reactions have been reported in patients receiving ZELBORAF, including 1 case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and 1 case of toxic epidermal necrolysis in the Phase III study. ZELBORAF treatment should be permanently discontinued in patients who experience a severe hypersensitivity or dermatologic reaction. QT prolongation Exposure-dependent QT prolongation has been observed in patients treated with ZELBORAF, which may lead to an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias, including Torsade de Pointes. Treatment is not recommended in patients with uncorrectable electrolyte abnormalities, with long QT syndrome, or who are taking medicines known to prolong the QT interval. ECG and electrolytes should be monitored before initiating treatment with ZELBORAF and after dose modification and routinely during treatment (15 days after treatment initiation then monthly for first 3 months of treatment and every 3 months thereafter or as clinically indicated). If the QTc exceeds 500 ms, ZELBORAF treatment should be temporarily interrupted, electrolyte abnormalities corrected, and cardiac risk factors for QT prolongation (e.g. congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias) controlled. Re-initiation of treatment should occur at a lower dose once the QTc decreases below 500 ms. Permanent discontinuation is recommended if, after correction of associated risk factors, the QTc increase meets both a value of >500 ms and >60 ms change from pre-treatment values. Liver laboratory abnormalities Liver laboratory abnormalities have occurred with ZELBORAF. Liver enzymes (transaminases and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin should be monitored before initiation of treatment and monthly during treatment, or as clinically indicated. Lab abnormalities should be managed with dose reduction, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation. Photosensitivity Mild to severe photosensitivity was reported in patients treated with ZELBORAF in clinical trials. While taking ZELBORAF, all patients should be advised to avoid sun exposure and, when outdoors, to wear protective clothing and use a broad spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen and lip balm (SPF ≥30). For intolerable grade 2 or greater photosensitivity, dose modifications are recommended. Ophthalmologic Reactions In the Phase III study, 5 cases of uveitis were reported in patients treated with ZELBORAF. Treatment with steroid and mydriatic ophthalmic drops may be required to manage uveitis. Patients should be routinely monitored for signs and symptoms of uveitis. Additionally, 5 cases each of blurry vision and iritis and 6 cases of photophobia were reported in the Phase III study. One case of retinal vein occlusion was reported in the Phase II study. New Primary Malignant Melanoma Eight skin lesions in 7 patients were reported as new primary malignant melanoma in the Phase III study. Cases were managed with excision and patients continued treatment without dose adjustment; monitoring for skin lesions should occur as outlined above [see cuSCC]. Use in Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category D ZELBORAF may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. If ZELBORAF is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking ZELBORAF, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus. BRAF Testing Confirmation of BRAFV600E mutation-positive melanoma as detected by an FDA-approved test is required for the selection of patients appropriate for ZELBORAF therapy. The efficacy and safety of ZELBORAF have not been studied in patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma. Most common adverse events The most common adverse reactions of any grade (≥30%) reported were arthralgia, rash, alopecia, fatigue, photosensitivity reaction, nausea, pruritus, and skin papilloma. The most common (≥5%) grade 3 adverse reactions were cuSCC and rash. In clinical studies, cuSCC was predefined as a grade 3 event. How Supplied:Tabs—120 Last Updated:11/11/2011 证实表明;Zelboraf使黑色素瘤平均生存期延长至16个月 晚期黑色素瘤患者口服靶向治疗药物vemurafenib,可获得16个月的平均生存期,而转移性黑色素瘤病人以往的存活期一般为6到10个月。该研究结果发表在2月23日的新英格兰杂志上。 vemurafenib刚在本周被欧洲批准,被美国批准是在11年的8月份,同时也在巴西、加拿大、以色列和新西兰被批准上市。 这些新的生存期数据来自于对该药物的长期数据观察——一项开放性的2期临床试验,包括132名BRAF阳性的晚期黑色素瘤病人。Sosman等写到,研究中长期随访关于vemurafenibvs.dacarbazine总生存期的结果还未在3期试验中显示。 总生存期是2期试验的次要终点,在美国的10个中心和澳大利亚的3个中心进行。主要终点是总体反应率,结果为53%(完全反应,6%;部分反应,47;95%CI,44-62)。上述反应率证实了1期反应的发现,最早是在2010年黑色素瘤研究学会国际研究大会上报告。 尽管总体反应率与2010年大会相比没什么变化,但是总体生存期数据更加成熟了:平均总体生存期为15.9个月;6个月的总体生存率为77%,12个月为58%,18个月为43%。 这些病人的身体基线水平比较差,与其他大型的2期和3期试验的人群相比,61%有MIc期疾病,49%的乳酸脱氢酶水平升高。BRAF突变具有一种生存劣势,突变与转移性疾病病人生存期缩短具有相关性。 一些病人在随访期接受了额外的治疗,有32个病人(24%)vemurafenib治疗疾病进展后接受了 ipilimumab。在非计划的事后分析中,排除了这32个病人,总体生存期保持在15.9个月。 本研究中,病人接受的平均剂量为1740mg/天。不幸的是,对vemurafenib的反应是不持久的,中位反应持续时间为6.7个月,中位无进展生存期为6.8个月。没有反应,意味着对药物产生抗性,病人需要使用其他药物治疗。 最常见的不良事件是1或2级的关节痛、皮疹、光敏、疲劳和脱发。26%的病人被诊断出皮肤鳞状细胞癌,通常为1级病变(20个病人)或2级病变(6个病人)。发展到皮肤鳞状细胞癌后角化棘皮病的平均时间为8周。这些继发的皮肤肿瘤与黑色素瘤比较起来相对良性,没有理由停止vemurafenib,该观点来自新英格兰上个月的一篇述评。(N Engl J Med 2012; 366:271-273) 但是,根据一篇同期述评,使用vemurafenib治疗的病人应该检测RAS突变,该突变通常会发生在这种继发的肿瘤中。这些检测会告诉医生哪些病人具有RAS驱动的继发肿瘤,这些检测非常重要,因为RAS突变可以在除了皮肤之外导致肿瘤,例如肺部。但是,迄今为止,还没有证据表明vemurafenib可触发RAS驱动的其他器官发生肿瘤。 |