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部分中文氯化钾处方资料（仅供参考）
药理毒理
氯化钾是一种电解质补充药物。钾是细胞内的主要阳离子，是维持细胞内渗透压的重要成分。在细胞内浓度约为150～160mmol/L，在细胞外液浓度较低，仅为3.5～5.0mmol/L。机体主要依靠细胞膜上的Na+、K+及ATP酶来维持细胞内外的K+、Na+浓度差。体内的酸碱平衡状态对钾的代谢有影响，如酸中毒时H+进入细胞内，为了维持细胞内外的电位差，K+释放到细胞外，引起或加重高钾血症。正常的细胞内外钾离子浓度及浓度差与细胞的某些功能有着密切的关系，钾参与酸碱平衡的调节，糖、蛋白质的合成以及二磷酸腺苷转化为三磷酸苷需要一定量的钾参与；钾参与神经及其支配器官间、神经元间的兴奋过程，并参与神经末梢递质(乙酰胆碱)的形成；心脏内钾的含量可影响其活动，低钾时心脏兴奋性增高，临床血钾过低的患者以心律失常为主；钾是维持骨骼肌正常张力所必需的离子。钾离子不足则表现为肌无力，抽搐。
药代动力学
氯化钾口服后可迅速被胃肠道吸收。钾90%从肾脏排泄，10%随粪便排出。
适应症
1．治疗低钾血症
各种原因引起的低钾血症，如进食不足、呕吐、严重腹泻、应用排钾性利尿药、低钾性家族周期性麻痹、长期应用糖皮质激素和补充高渗葡萄糖等。
2．预防低钾血症
当患者存在失钾情况，尤其是如果发生低钾血症对患者危害较大时(如使用洋地黄药物的患者)，需预防性补充钾盐，如进食很少、严重或慢性腹泻、长期服用肾上腺皮质激素、失钾性肾病、Bartter综合征等。
3．洋地黄中毒引起频发性、多源性早搏或快速心律失常。
用法用量
口服钾盐用于治疗轻型低钾血症或预防性用药。常规剂量成人每次0.5～1g(6.7～13.4mmol)，每日2～4次，饭后服用，并按病情调整剂量。一般成人每日最大剂量为6g(80mmol)。谨遵医嘱！
不良反应
1．口服可有胃肠道刺激症状，如恶心、呕吐、咽部不适、胸痛(食道刺激)，腹痛、腹泻、甚至消化性溃疡及出血。在空腹、剂量较大及原有胃肠道疾病者更易发生。
2．原有肾功能损害时应注意发生高钾血症。
禁忌
1．高钾血症患者。
2．急性肾功能不全、慢性肾功能不全者。
注意事项
1．下列情况慎用：
(1)急性脱水，因严重时可致尿量减少，尿K+排泄减少；
(2)家族性周期性麻痹，低钾性麻痹应给予补钾，但需鉴别高钾性或正常性周期麻痹；
(3)慢性或严重腹泻可致低钾血症，但同时可致脱水和低钠血症，引起肾前性少尿；
(4)传导阻滞性心律失常，尤其应用洋地黄类药物时；
(5)大面积烧伤、肌肉创伤、严重感染、大手术后24小时和严重溶血，上述情况本身可引起高血钾症；
(6)肾上腺性异常综合征伴盐皮质激素分泌不足；
(7)接受留钾利尿剂的病人。
2．用药期间需作以下随访检查：
(1)血钾；
(2)心电图；
(3)血镁、钠、钙；
(4)酸碱平衡指标；肾功能和尿量；
3．服用普通片剂及糖衣片时，对胃肠道有强烈的刺激作用，所以最好溶解成溶液后服用。
老年患者用药
老年人肾脏清除K+功能下降，应用钾盐时较易发生高钾血症。
药物相互作用
1.肾上腺糖皮质激素尤其是具有较明显盐皮质激素作用者、肾上腺盐皮质激素和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)，因能促进尿钾排泄，合用时降低钾盐疗效。
2.抗胆碱能药物能加重口服钾盐尤其是氯化钾的胃肠道刺激作用。
3.非甾体类抗炎镇痛药加重口服钾盐的胃肠道反应。
4.合用库存血(库存10日以下含钾30mmol/l，库存10日以上含钾65mmol/l)、含钾药物和保钾利尿剂时，发生高钾血症的机会增多，尤其是有肾功能损害者。
5.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和环孢素A能抑制醛固酮分泌，尿钾排泄减少，故合用时易发生高钾血症。
6.肝素能抑制醛固酮的合成，尿钾排泄减少，合用时易发生高钾血症。另外，肝素可使胃肠道出血机会增多。
7.缓释型钾盐能抑制肠道对维生素B12的吸收。
药物过量
引起高钾血症。
Drug Info: Potassium Salts
Brand names: Effer K™, Glu-K™, K 8®, K Plus 10®, K Plus Care®, K Plus™, K-10®, K-Dur®, K-Lor®, K-Lyte®, K-Lyte® CL, K-Lyte® DS, K-Sol™, K-Tab®, Kaochlor®, Kaon®, Kaon-CL®, Kay Ciel®, Kenalan®, Klor-Con® 10, Klor-Con® 8, Klor-Con® EF, Klor-Con® M10, Klor-Con® M15, Klor-Con® M20, Klor-Con® Powder, Klorvess®, Klotrix®, Micro-K®, PC-10™, Rum-K®, Slow-K®, Tri-K™, Twin-K®
Potassium Chloride Oral tablet
What is this medicine?
POTASSIUM (poe TASS i um) is a natural salt that is important for the heart, muscles, and nerves. It is found in many foods and is normally supplied by a well balanced diet. This medicine is used to treat low potassium.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•dehydration
•diabetes
•irregular heartbeat
•kidney disease
•stomach ulcers or other stomach problems
•an unusual or allergic reaction to potassium salts, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take with food. Do not suck on, crush, or chew this medicine. If you have difficulty swallowing, ask the pharmacist how to take. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take it more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on your doctor's advice.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What if I miss a dose?
This does not apply.
What may interact with this medicine?
Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:
•eplerenone
•sodium polystyrene sulfonate
This medicine may also interact with the following medications:
•medicines for blood pressure or heart disease like lisinopril, losartan, quinapril, valsartan
•medicines for cold or allergies
•medicines for inflammation like ibuprofen, indomethacin
•medicines for Parkinson's disease
•medicines for the stomach like metoclopramide, dicyclomine, glycopyrrolate
•some diuretics
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular check ups. You will need lab work done regularly.
You may need to be on a special diet while taking this medicine. Ask your doctor.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•black, tarry stools
•heartburn
•irregular heartbeat
•numbness or tingling in hands or feet
•pain when swallowing
•unusually weak or tired
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•diarrhea
•nausea
•stomach gas
•vomiting
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
附件:
201241100002410.PDF
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
KLOR-CON 25MEQ/PACKET 30PACKETS/BOX
原产地英文药品名:
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
中文参考商品译名:
KLOR-CON 25毫当量/袋 30袋/盒
中文参考药品译名:
氯化钾
生产厂家中文参考译名:
UPSHER SMITH
生产厂家英文名:
UPSHER SMITH
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