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部分中文雷尼替丁处方资料（仅供参考）
【中文品名】盐酸雷尼替丁
【药效类别】抗消化性溃疡病药>H2受体阻滞药类
【通用药名】RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
【别 名】呋喃硝胺，甲硝呋胍，善胃得，胃安太定，Zantac, Taural, Ulcex, Toriol, Ranidil, Sostril, Vizenul, Melfax, AH-19065
【化学名称】 1,1-Ethenediamine, N-[2-[[[5-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N'-methyl-2-nitro-, monohydrochloride
【CA登记号】[66357-59-3]
【结 构 式】
【分 子 式】C13H22N4O3S·HCl
【分 子 量】350.87
【收录药典】JP14
【开发单位】Glaxo (英国)
【首次上市】1981年10月，英国
【性 状】白色或淡黄色粉末，微臭，味稍苦并带咸味。易溶于水、甲醇、乙醇、不溶于三氯甲烷。mp133~134℃。
【用 途】H2-受体拮抗剂。能有效地抑制组织胺和胃泌素剌激后引起的胃酸分泌，降低胃酸和胃蛋白酶的活性。用于治疗十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡、术后溃疡、反流性食道炎及上消化道出血等(包括溃疡出血、出血性糜烂性胃炎、十二指肠炎出血等)。也可用于激素诱发的上消化道出血、溃疡性消化不良、慢性胃炎及对西咪替丁产生耐药性的患者。本品具有长效、速效等特点。
【药理毒理】
本品为阻织胺H2-受体拮抗剂。能抑制基础胃酸和刺激引起的胃酸分泌，可使胃酸减少，胃蛋白酶活性降低而且具有速效和长效的特点。
【用法用量】
口服，0.15g/次，2次/日，早晚饭时服；或0.3g睡前顿服；维持剂量为0.15g，睡前顿服。佐林格-埃利森综合征宜用大剂量，600mg～1200mg/日。肌注或缓慢静注，25mg～50mg/次，每4～8h 1次。静滴，100mg～300mg。儿童：口服，每次2mg/kg，3次/日。
成人十二指肠溃疡和良性胃溃疡:
急性期治疗：标准剂量为150mg，每日2次，或夜间服300mg。大部分病人在4周内愈合，少部分在8周内愈合。
十二指肠溃疡病人，用300mg/次，每日2次的治疗方案，4周的治愈率高于150 mg/次，每日2次或夜间服300 mg的方案，剂量增加并不引起不良反应发生率增加。
长期治疗：通常采用夜间服150 mg/日。
非甾体类抗炎药引起的消化性溃疡:
急性期治疗：150mg，每日2次或夜间服300mg。疗程8-12周。
预防：
在非甾体类抗炎药治疗的同时，服用150mg，每日2次或夜间服300mg。
手术后溃疡 150mg，每日2次，绝大部分病人于4周内治愈，未能完全治愈的病人通常在接下来的4周愈合。
胃-食管反流性疾病
急性反流性食管炎：150mg，每日2次或夜间服300mg，治疗8-12周。中度至严重食管炎：剂量可增加至150mg，每日4次，治疗12周。
反流性食管炎的长期治疗：成人 150mg口服，每日2次。
卓-艾综合征 初期150mg，每日3次，如需要可增加剂量，病人可很好地耐受高达6g/日的剂量。
间歇性发作性消化不良:标准剂量为150mg，每日2次，治疗6周。
预防重病患者的应激性溃疡出血或消化性溃疡引起的反复出血，一旦患者可恢复进食，可用150mg，每日2次，以替代注射给药。
Mendelsons综合征的预防: 于麻醉前2小时服150mg，和最好前一天晚服150mg。也可用注射剂。
产科分娩病人可服用150mg，每6小时一次。如需要全身麻醉，应另外给予非颗粒的抗酸剂(如枸橼酸钠)。
儿童 消化性溃疡 2-4mg/kg体重/次，每日2次，最高剂量为300 mg/日。
严重肾功能损害病人(肌酐清除率小于50mL/分)150mg/日。长期非卧床腹透或长期血透的病人，于透析后应立即口服150mg。
【注意事项】
对本药过敏者及有急性卟啉症病史者禁用。妊娠B类。肝肾功能降低者应调整剂量。胃溃疡病人在开始治疗前应排除恶性肿瘤的可能性，因为本药可掩饰胃癌的症状。本药与非甾体抗炎药同时服用者，应定期进行检查，特别是老年人和有消化性溃疡史的病人。
包装规格[注：以下产品美国包装上市的片、口服溶液及注射剂产品，不同规格和不同价格，采购以咨询为准]
ZANTAC VIAL 50MG 2ML 10 RANITIDINE HCL 00173-0362-38
ZANTAC 25MG/ML 2ML SDV 10/PAC RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0362-10
ZANTAC 25MG/ML 40ML BULK PACK 1/EA RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0364-01
ZANTAC TAB 150MG 60 RANITIDINE HCL 00173-0344-42
ZANTAC MDV 25MG/ML 6ML RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0363-01
ZANTAC VIAL 25MG/ML BULK 40ML RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0364-01
ZANTAC TAB 300MG 30 RANITIDINE HCL 00173-0393-40
ZANTAC VIAL 50MG 2ML 10 RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0362-10
ZANTAC 25MG/ML 6ML MDV 1/EA RANITIDINE HCL 24987-0363-01
 
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Zantac Injection 50mg/2ml
1. Name of the medicinal product
Zantac Injection 50 mg/2ml
2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
Ranitidine Hydrochloride HSE 56.0 mg/2ml equivalent to Ranitidine 50.0 mg/2ml.
Each ampoule contains 2.9 mg (0.09 mmol) of sodium and 0.6 mg (0.015 mmol) of potassium.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical form
Injection (Aqueous solution)
A clear colourless to pale yellow liquid, practically free from particles.
4. Clinical particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Adults:
Zantac Injection is indicated for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, benign gastric ulcer, post - operative ulcer, reflux oesophagitis, Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome and the following conditions where reduction of gastric secretion and acid output is desirable:
The prophylaxis of gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients, the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers and before general anaesthesia in patients considered to be at risk of acid aspiration (Mendelson's Syndrome), particularly obstetric patients during labour. For appropriate cases, Zantac tablets are also available.
Children (6 months to 18 years):
Zantac Injection is indicated for the short term treatment of peptic ulcer and the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux, including reflux oesophagitis and symptomatic relief of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
(See section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties – Other special - populations)
Posology
Adults (including elderly) / Adolescents (12 years and over)
Zantac Injection may be given either as a slow (over 2 minutes) intravenous injection up to a maximum of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every 6 to 8 hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at 6 to 8 hour intervals, or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every 6 to 8 hours.
Prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration or recurrent haemorrhage:
In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences. Patients considered to be still at risk may then be treated with Zantac tablets 150 mg twice daily.
In the prophylaxis of upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients a priming dose of 50 mg as a slow intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125 - 0.250 mg/kg/hr may be preferred.
Prophylaxis of Mendleson's syndrome:
In patients considered to be at risk of developing acid aspiration syndrome, Zantac Injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.
Children / Infants (6 months to 11 years)
(See section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties) – Other special populations
Zantac injection may be given as a slow (over 2 minutes) i.v. injection up to a maximum of 50 mg every 6 to 8 hours.
Peptic Ulcer Acute Treatment and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux
Intravenous therapy in children with peptic ulcer disease is indicated only when oral therapy is not possible.
For acute treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux in paediatric patients, Zantac injection may be administered at doses that have been shown to be effective for these diseases in adults and effective for acid suppression in critically ill children. The initial dose (2.0 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg, maximum 50 mg) may be administered as a slow intravenous infusion over 10 minutes, either with a syringe pump followed by a 3 mL flush with normal saline over 5 min, or following dilution with normal saline to 20 mL. Maintenance of pH > 4.0 can be achieved by intermittent infusion of 1.5 mg/kg every 6 h to 8 h. Alternatively treatment can be continuous, administering a loading dose of 0.45 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 0.15 mg/kg/hr.
Neonates (under 1 month)
(See section 5.2 – Pharmacokinetic properties – Other special populations)
Patients over 50 years of age
See section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties - Other special populations
Patients with renal impairment
Accumulation of ranitidine with resulting elevated plasma concentrations will occur in patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min). Accordingly, it is recommended in such patients that ranitidine be administered in doses of 25 mg.
Method of administration
Intravenous or intramuscular injection
For instructions on dilution of the medicinal product before administration, see section 6.6.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Malignancy
The possibility of malignancy should be excluded before commencement of therapy in patients with gastric ulcer as treatment with ranitidine may mask symptoms of gastric carcinoma.
Renal Disease
Ranitidine is excreted via the kidney and so plasma levels of the drug are increased in patients with renal impairment. The dosage should be adjusted as detailed in section 4.2 Patients with renal impairment.
Bradycardia in association with rapid administration of Zantac Injection has been reported rarely, usually in patients with factors predisposing to cardiac rhythm disturbances. Recommended rates of administration should not be exceeded.
It has been reported that the use of higher than recommended doses of intravenous H2-antagonists has been associated with rises in liver enzymes when treatment has been extended beyond five days.
Rare clinical reports suggest that ranitidine may precipitate acute porphyric attacks. Ranitidine should therefore be avoided in patients with a history of acute porphyria.
In patients such as the elderly, persons with chronic lung disease, diabetes or the immunocompromised, there may be an increased risk of developing community acquired pneumonia. A large epidemiological study showed an increased risk of developing community acquired pneumonia in current users of ranitidine alone versus those who had stopped treatment, with an observed adjusted relative risk increase of 1.82 (95% CI 1.26-2.64).. Post-marketing data indicate reversible mental confusion, depression, and hallucinations have been reported most frequently in severely ill and elderly patients (see section 4.8).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Ranitidine has the potential to affect the absorption, metabolism or renal excretion of other drugs. The altered pharmacokinetics may necessitate dosage adjustment of the affected drug or discontinuation of treatment
Interactions occur by several mechanisms including:
1) Inhibition of cytochrome P450-linked mixed function oxygenase system: Ranitidine at usual therapeutic doses does not potentiate the actions of drugs which are inactivated by this enzyme system such as diazepam, lidocaine, phenytoin, propanolol and theophylline.
There have been reports of altered prothrombin time with coumarin anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin). Due to the narrow therapeutic index, close monitoring of increased or decreased prothrombin time is recommended during concurrent treatment with ranitidine.
2) Competition for renal tubular secretion:
Since ranitidine is partially eliminated by the cationic system, it may affect the clearance of other drugs eliminated by this route. High doses of ranitidine (e.g. such as those used in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) may reduce the excretion of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide resulting in increased plasma level of these drugs.
3) Alteration of gastric pH:
The bioavailability of certain drugs may be affected. This can result in either an increase in absorption (e.g. triazolam, midazolam, glipizide) or a decrease in absorption (e.g. ketoconazole, atazanavir, delaviridine, gefitnib).
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Ranitidine crosses the placenta but therapeutic doses administered to obstetric patients in labour or undergoing caesarean section have been without any adverse effect on labour, delivery or subsequent neonatal progress. Like other drugs, ranitidine should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.
Breast-feeding
Zantac is also excreted in human breast milk. Like other drugs, ranitidine should only be used during breast-feeding if considered essential.
Fertility
There are no data on the effects of ranitidine on human fertility. There were no effects on male and female fertility in animal studies (see section 5.3).
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
None reported.
4.8 Undesirable effects
The following convention has been utilised for the classification of undesirable effects: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100, <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1000, ≤1/100), rare (≥1/10,000, ≤1/1000), very rare (≤1/10,000). Adverse event frequencies have been estimated from spontaneous reports from post-marketing data.
Blood & Lymphatic System Disorders
Very Rare: Blood count changes (leucopenia, thrombocytopenia). These are usually reversible. Agranulocytosis or pancytopenia, sometimes with marrow hypoplasia or marrow aplasia.
Immune System Disorders
Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, fever, bronchospasm, hypotension and chest pain).
Very Rare: Anaphylactic shock.
Not known: Dyspnoea
These events have been reported after a single dose.
Psychiatric Disorders
Very Rare: Reversible mental confusion, depression and hallucinations.
These have been reported predominantly in severely ill patients, in elderly and nephropatic patients.
Nervous System Disorders
Very Rare: Headache (sometimes severe), dizziness and reversible involuntary movement disorders.
Eye Disorders
Very Rare: Reversible blurred vision.
There have been reports of blurred vision, which is suggestive of a change in accommodation.
Cardiac Disorders
Very Rare: As with other H2 receptor antagonists bradycardia, A-V block, asystole and tachycardia.
Vascular Disorders
Very Rare: Vasculitis.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Uncommon: Abdominal pain, constipation, nausea (these symptoms mostly improved during continued treatment).
Very Rare: Acute pancreatitis, diarrhoea.
Hepatobiliary Disorders
Rare: Transient and reversible changes in liver function tests.
Very Rare: Hepatitis (hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular or mixed) with or without jaundice, these were usually reversible.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rare: Skin Rash.
Very Rare: Erythema multiforme, alopecia.
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Very Rare: Musculoskeletal symptoms such as arthralgia and myalgia.
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Rare: Elevation of plasma creatinine (usually slight; normalised during continued treatment)
Very Rare: Acute interstitial nephritis.
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders
Very Rare: Reversible impotence, breast symptoms and breast conditions (such as gynaecomastia and galactorrhoea).
Paediatric population
The safety of ranitidine has been assessed in children aged 0 to 16 years with acid-related disease and was generally well tolerated with an adverse event profile resembling that in adults. There are limited long term safety data available, in particular regarding growth and development.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
4.9 Overdose
Symptoms and signs
Zantac is very specific in action and accordingly, no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug.
Treatment
Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate.
5. Pharmacological properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: H2-receptor antagonists
ATC code: A02BA02
Mechanism of action
Ranitidine is a specific, rapidly acting histamine H2-antagonist. It inhibits basal and stimulated secretion of gastric acid, reducing both the volume and the acid and pepsin content of the secretion.
The clinical data available mentions the use of ranitidine in children to prevent stress ulcers. No direct evidence for prevention of stress ulcers is available. Treatment for these patients is based on the observation that pH is above 4 after administration of ranitidine. The value of this surrogate parameter in children with stress ulcers remains to be established.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption
Absorption of ranitidine after intramuscular injection is rapid and peak plasma concentrations are usually achieved within 15 minutes of administration.
Distribution
Ranitidine is not extensively bound to plasma proteins (15%), but exhibits a large volume of distribution ranging from 96 to 142 L.
Metabolism
Ranitidine is not extensively metabolised. The fraction of the dose recovered as metabolites is similar after both oral and i.v. dosing; and includes 6% of the dose in urine as the N-oxide, 2& as the S-oxide, 2% as desmethylranitidine and 1 to 2% as the furoic acid analogue.
Elimination
Plasma concentrations decline bi-exponentially, with a terminal half-life of 2-3 hours. The major route of elimination is renal. After IV administration of 150 mg 3H-ranitidine, 98% of the dose was recovered, including 5% in faeces and 93% in urine, of which 70% was unchanged parent drug. After oral administration of 150 mg 3H-ranitidine, 96% of the dose was recovered, 26% in faeces and 70% in urine of which 35% was unchanged parent drug. Less than 3% of the dose is excreted in bile. Renal clearance is approximately 500 mL/min, which exceeds glomerular filtration indicating net renal tubular secretion.
Other special populations
Children/infants (6 months and above)
Limited pharmacokinetic data show that there were no significant differences in half-life (range for children 3 years and above: 1.7 - 2.2 h) and plasma clearance (range for children 3 years and above: 9 - 22 ml/min/kg) between children and healthy adults receiving intravenous ranitidine when correction is made for body weight. Pharmacokinetic data in infants is extremely limited but appears to be in line with that for older children.
Patients over 50 years of age
In patients over 50 years of age, half-life is prolonged (3-4 h) and clearance is reduced, consistent with the age-related decline of renal function. However, systemic exposure and accumulation are 50% higher. This difference exceeds the effect of declining renal function, and indicates increased bioavailability in older patients.
Neonates (under 1 month)
Limited pharmacokinetic data from term babies undergoing treatment with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (EMCO) suggests that plasma clearance following iv administration may be reduced (1.5-8.2 ml/min/kg) and the half-life increased in the new-born. Clearance of ranitidine appeared to be related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the neonates.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Non-clinical data revealed no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated-dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential and toxicity to reproduction and development.
6. Pharmaceutical particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium chloride BP
Potassium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate HSE
Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate HSE
Water for Injection BP
6.2 Incompatibilities
This medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products except those mentioned in section 6.6.
6.3 Shelf life
36 months unopened.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store below 25°C, protect from light.
Zantac Injection should not be autoclaved.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
2 ml colourless Type I glass ampoules, Pack size: 5 ampoules.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Zantac Injection has been shown to be compatible with the following intravenous infusion fluids:-
0.9% Sodium Chloride BP
5% Dextrose BP
0.18% Sodium Chloride and 4% Dextrose BP
4.2% Sodium Bicarbonate BP
Hartmann's Solution.
All unused admixtures of Zantac Injection with infusion fluids should be discarded 24 hours after preparation.
Although compatibility studies have only been undertaken in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags (in glass for Sodium Bicarbonate BP) and a polyvinyl chloride administration set it is considered that adequate stability would be conferred by the use of a polyethylene infusion bag.
7. Marketing authorisation holder
Glaxo Wellcome UK Ltd
T/A GlaxoSmithKline UK
Stockley Park West
Uxbridge
Middlesex, UB11 1BT
8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
PL 10949/0109
9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
25 March 1998
10. Date of revision of the text
13 October 2015
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