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维克替比(帕尼单抗注射剂)|Vectibix (Panitumumab Injection)

2011-01-20 16:02:02  作者:新特药房  来源:中国新特药网天津分站  浏览次数:631  文字大小:【】【】【
简介: 【药品说明】:帕尼单抗治疗结肠直肠癌具独特优势帕尼单抗(Panitumumab)是第一个靶向表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的全人源化单克隆抗体,而表皮生长因子受体则是一种在肿瘤细胞信号传导过程中扮演着重要角 ...

英文药名: Vectibix (Panitumumab Injection)

中文药名: 维克替比(帕尼单抗注射剂)

生产厂家: Amgen Inc

药品介绍

结直肠癌治疗药Vectibix(panitumumab、帕尼单抗)是第一个完全人源化单克隆抗体,其靶向作用于表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。2005年7月,Panitumumab获得FDA快速通道审批资格。2005年底,安进公司及其合作伙伴Abgenix公司共同向FDA提交了该品生物制剂许可申请,用于治疗化疗失败后转移性结直肠癌。
Panitumumab是IgG2单克隆抗体,与EGFR具有高亲和性。Panitumumab运用Abgenix公司的XenoMouse技术研究而成,为完全人源化的单克隆抗体,没有任何鼠蛋白。
人体免疫系统可以识别嵌合抗体中的鼠蛋白,从而引起免疫应答,表现为输液反应、变态反应和过敏反应。而完全人源化单克隆抗体可以在提供有效治疗的同时减少此类免疫应答。
EGFR在正常情况下可帮助调节人体内细胞的生长,但其也会刺激癌细胞生长。EGFR存在于癌细胞的表面,当体内出现蛋白质与EGFR相结合时,EGFR会被激活,如表皮生长因子(EGF)或转化生长因子a(TGF-alpha)。结合改变了EGFR的形态,刺激肿瘤细胞的生长。Panitumumab与EGFR相结合,可阻止其与EGF或TGF-alpha结合,从而阻断癌细胞生长。

【关于该药】
Vectibix是单株抗体,抗体是身体自身的防御机转,以对抗外来异物,像是感染或癌细胞;单株抗体是在实验室中所制作的,以将外来异物的极特定比例作为标靶。
Vectibix和称作生长因子受体基因(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, EGFR)的蛋白质相结合,根据FDA的统计,EGFR可于70%的大肠直肠癌患者身上找到。 Vectibix并非第一个针对大肠直肠癌的单株抗体,另外一种单株抗体Erbitux也是针对大肠直肠癌的EGFR作用。
第三种单株抗体Avastin也是用来治疗大肠直肠癌,它被认为是针对不同的生长因子(血管内皮神经营养因子vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)来作用。Erbitux于2004年2月12日由FDA所核准,FDA于两周后核准Avastin。

【药物试验】
FDA之所以核准Vectibix,是以临床实验的结果为基础,该实验的研究对象为欧洲的463名罹患移转性大肠直肠癌患者。
这463名患者已经接受过化疗,其中有三种化疗药物,之后,这463名患者全都接受"最佳的支持照护"。
有半数的患者也在实验开始时就接受Vectibix的治疗,剩下的一半则被允许在肿瘤恶化的状况下使用Vectibix。 平均而言,患者在因癌症而病逝或病况恶化前96天服用Vectibix,相较于最初仅接受最佳支持照护的患者则是60天前服用。 在为期48周的研究中,整体存活率对两组而言都是相似的。
RandolphHecht医师向WebMD表示,几乎每一位患者都在48周期间病况都有进展,这里的有「进展」,指的是其肿瘤「恶化」了。
Hecht医师指出,不过,在第8周时的第一次观察,最佳支持照护组中有70%的人病况恶化,Vectibix组中仅51%的人病况恶化,其间约20%的差异会持续一阵子,到了32周时,就没有什么太大的差异了。
Hecht医师主导美国对Vectibix的研究,但他并未参与欧洲的实验;Hecht医师为洛杉矶加州大学肠胃肿瘤计划主任。
此外,用Vectibix的患者中有8%的肿瘤缩小,在某些病例中,那些肿瘤缩小到比治疗前尺寸的一半还要来得小。 Hecht医师表示,在每一个不同的时间点作观察,可看到Vectibix组的肿瘤恶化状况,会比在最佳支持照护组的状况好很多;他表示,那是另一个观察角度。

【副作用】
Vectibix的研究中,最严重的负作用包括肺纤维化(肺脏的纤维组织之形成)、由感染所并发的严重皮肤疹、药物注射反应(infusion reactions)、腹痛、恶心、呕吐和便秘。 与药物相关最常见的副作用,包括皮肤疹、疲惫、腹痛、恶心和腹泻。

【商品名】: 维克替比 Vectibix
【药品名】: 帕尼单抗 Panitumumab
【适应症】:适用于结直肠癌

【药品说明】
帕尼单抗治疗结肠直肠癌具独特优势帕尼单抗(Panitumumab)是第一个靶向表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的全人源化单克隆抗体,而表皮生长因子受体则是一种在肿瘤细胞信号传导过程中扮演着重要角色的蛋白。帕尼单抗即将成为表皮生长因子受体抑制剂中的又一新成员,后者开发的第一适应证为经过标准化疗治疗失败的转移性结肠直肠癌。

目前,帕尼单抗也在进行单用或合用其他抗肿瘤药物治疗各类型肿瘤,包括结肠直肠癌、肺癌和肾癌等的多项临床试验。另外,帕尼单抗亦在进行合用化疗药物和Genentech有限公司的结肠直肠癌治疗药物倍伐单抗(Bevacizumab,Avastin)治疗早期阶段结肠直肠癌患者的临床研究。
帕尼单抗属免疫球蛋白IgG2型单克隆抗体,它能以高度亲和性与表皮生长因子受体结合。帕尼单抗是应用Abgenix公司的XenoMouse技术生产的,这种技术能用来制造一种不含鼠源性蛋白的全人源化单克隆抗体。由于机体的免疫系统可自嵌合型抗体中识别出鼠蛋白,因此会由此引发免疫响应并以输注反应和变态反应等形式表现出来。开发不含鼠蛋白的全人源化单克隆抗体的目的就在于,保留嵌合型抗体疗效的基础上使这类免疫响应潜力降至最低程度。
表皮生长因子受体虽能帮助调控机体许多不同类型资本的正常生长,但它也会刺激肿瘤细胞的生长。实际上,许多类型的肿瘤细胞存活都需经由表皮生长因子受体介导的信号传导。表皮生长因子受体位于肿瘤细胞表面,它可因机体中天然发生蛋白如表皮生长因子和α-转化生长因子等与之结合而被激活。后者首先表现为受体形状变化,而后即会触发刺激肿瘤细胞生长的内在细胞信号传导过程。帕尼单抗能够结合至表皮生长因子受体,由此通过阻止表皮生长因子和α-转化生长因子等天然配基与之结合而干扰可致刺激肿瘤细胞生长并使这些细胞存活的信号传导过程。
Amgen有限公司宣称,因更少不良反应和更为便利的剂量方案,帕尼单抗具有优于类似药物西妥单抗(Cetuximab,Er鄄bitux)的潜力。业内人士认为,基于倍伐单抗和西妥单抗在不应性结肠直肠癌患者中显现出的协同活性,若Ⅲ期临床试验能够证实帕尼单抗加至氟尿嘧啶-亚叶酸-奥沙利铂和倍伐单抗方案中一线治疗结肠直肠癌有益,那么帕尼单抗就能凭借这更为便利的剂量方案(每两周1次对西妥单抗的每周1次用药)而将成为临床标准一线疗法。
研究还进一步揭示,帕尼单抗较西妥单抗的具有更多特性,包括更长的半衰期、更高的受体亲和性和更好的免疫耐受性等。帕尼单抗的药动学性质也提示,其用药不必要像西妥单抗那样,必须首先给予负荷剂量。帕尼单抗和西妥单抗分属全人源化和嵌合型鼠-人抗体,故帕尼单抗的耐受性亦应优于西妥单抗。

【原产地英文商品名】VECTIBIX 400mg/20ml/Vial
【原产地英文药品名】PANITUMUMAB
【中文参考商品译名】
注:以下产品不同的规格和不同的价格,购买时请以电话咨询为准!
·维克替比 400毫克/20毫升/瓶
·维克替比 200毫克/10毫升/瓶
·维克替比 100毫克/5毫升/瓶
【中文参考药品译名】帕尼单抗
【生产厂家中文参考译名】安进公司
【生产厂家英文名】Amgen

Vectibix (Panitumumab)

Developed by Amgen, Inc.
A Lower-Cost Alternative To The Breakthrough Drug Erbitux
Vectibix, A Targeted Drug For Colorectal Cancer, Offers A Lower-Cost Alternative To The Breakthrough Drug Erbitux.

Vectibix Received Accelerated Approval For The Treatment Of Recurrent And Progressive Colorectal Cancer In September, 2006.  The Targeted Drug May Be Prescribed to Patients Whose Cancer Progressed After Treatment With Three Leading Chemotherapy Drugs (Camptosar, Eloxatin and Either Capecitabine, Floxuridine or 5-FU).

Treatment With Vectibix Is Limited To A Virulent Form Of Colorectal Cancer.

The Anti-Cancer Agent May Be Prescribed To Treat Colorectal Tumors That Produce A Cancer-Promoting Protein, Referred To As  The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR),  Excessive Levels Of EGFR Have Been Documented In Many Types Of Cancer, And Convey A Poor Prognosis.

The Effectiveness of Vectibix Is Dependent On The Genetic Characteristics Of A Colorectal Tumor.  Research Studies Have Established That Only Tumors That Contain Normal K-RAS And BRAF Genes Respond To Vectibix.

Vectibix Has Been Priced Competitively Against Erbitux, The First Targeted Drug For Colorectal Cancer. Amgen, Inc. Priced Vectibix At $4,000 Per Infusion At The Time The Drug Entered The Market. The Cost Of The Newly-Authorized Drug Was 20 Percent Lower Than The Price Of Erbitux.

An International Research Trial Is Now Comparing The Effectiveness Of Vectibix and Erbitux In the Treatment Of Colorectal Cancer.  Both Drugs Produce The Same Anti-Cancer Effect By Targeting EGFR.

Ongoing Colorectal Cancer Trials Are Evaluating Vectibix In Combination With Other Targeted Drugs, Such As Avastin, Afinitor and Tarceva.  Vectibix Also Is Under Investigation In Combination With Widely-Used Chemotherapy Drugs, Including Camptosar And Eloxatin.
Anti-Cancer Effects

Vectibix Targets A Cancer-Promoting Protein, Referred To As The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR).

The Vital Protein Is Produced In Many Normal Tissues, Such As Skin Cells And Hair Follicles. Elevated Levels of EGFR Have Been Detected in Several Types of Cancer, Including Lung, Brain, And Anal Cancer. And Are Associated with A Dire Prognosis. An Estimated 60 to 80 Percent of Colon Cancers Have Excessive Levels of EGFR.

Vectibix Binds to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Thereby Restricting The Proliferation of Cancerous Cells.

FDA Approval

Vectibix Became the Third Targeted Drug Authorized for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer In September, 2006. Both Erbitux and Avastin Became Available For Clinical Use In 2004.

Vectibix Received Accelerated Approval For The Treatment Of Colorectal Cancer That Failed To Respond To Three Leading Chemotherapy Drugs (Camptosar, Eloxatin And Either 5-FU, Capecitabine or Floxuridine).

The Targeted Drug May Be Administered To Treat Colorectal Tumors That Produce A Critical Protein, Referred To As The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR),
Research Findings: Phase III Trial

A Phase III Clinical Trial Concluded That Vectibix Delayed The Progression Of Colorectal Cancer That Failed To Respond To Standard Chemotherapy.

The International Research Trial Evaluated 463 Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.  All Patients Had Been Unsuccessfully Treated With Three Commonly-Used Chemotherapy Drugs (Camptosar, Eloxatin And Either 5-FU, Capecitabine or Floxuridine).

Vectibix Was Administered To 231 Patients Enrolled In The Trial; The Remaining Patients Received The Best Supportive Care Available.

The Progression Of Cancer Was Delayed More Than A Month Longer In Patients Treated With Vectibix.  Progression-Free Survival Rates Were 96 Days For Participants Treated With Vectibix, Compared to 60 Days For Patients Who Received The Best Supportive Care.

No Difference In Overall Survival Rates Was Reported.

Treatment With Vectibix Also Did Not Extend The Time Until Cancer Growth Resumed.  The Time Until Cancer Progressed was Approximately Eight Weeks For Both The Treatment And Control Groups.

Vectibix Produced Partial Remission In 19 patients (Equivalent To Eight Percent Of Enrollees).  The Median Duration Of Remission Was 17 Weeks.

The Most Severe Complications Associated With Vectibix Were Pulmonary Fibrosis (Scarring Of The Lungs), Acute Dermatological Toxicity (Skin Rash Complicated By Infections), Infusion Reactions and Abdominal Pain.

Common Side Effects Included: Skin Rashes, Low Levels Of Magnesium, Soft Tissue Infection Around the Fingernails, Fatigue, Abdominal Pain, Nausea And Diarrhea.

责任编辑:admin


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