英文药名: Efudex (Fluorouracil Cream)
中文药名: 氟尿嘧啶霜,氟优 药品名称
通用名称:氟尿嘧啶乳膏, 氟优, 5-氟尿嘧啶 英文名称:Fluorouracil Cream, 5-Fluorouracil, Fluracil, Fluoroplex, Efudex, Adrucil,Kecimetom,Timazin,Flopholin, 5-FU 【成份】氟尿嘧啶 【性状】本品为乳剂型苓质的白色软膏。 药理毒理
在体内先转变为5-氟-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸,后者抑制胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合成酶,阻断脱氧尿嘧啶核苷酸转变为脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸,从而抑制DNA的生物合成。此外,还能掺入RNA,通过阻止尿嘧啶和乳清酸掺入RNA而达到抑制RNA合成的作用。本品为细胞周期特异性药,主要抑制S期瘤细胞。 药代动力学
本品主要经肝脏分解代谢,大部分降解为二氧化碳经呼吸道排出体外,约15%在给药1小时内经肾以原型药排出体外。大剂量用药能透过血脑屏障,静注后于半小时内到达脑脊液中,并可维持3小时,t1/2α为10~20分钟,t1/2β为20小时。 适应症
用于皮肤癌,外阴白斑,以及乳腺癌的胸壁转移等。 用法用量
局部涂敷: 用于皮肤癌或癌性溃疡,可用5%~10%的软膏; 用于皮肤疣症可用0.5%~2.5%软膏,适量,局部涂敷。 不良反应
恶心、食欲减退或呕吐,一般剂量多不严重,偶见口腔粘膜炎或溃疡,腹部不适或腹泻。周围血白细胞减少常见(大多在疗程开始后2~3周内达最低点,约在3~4周后恢复正常),血小板减少罕见。极少见咳嗽、气急或小脑共济失调等; 长期应用可导致神经系统毒性;偶见用药后心肌缺血,可出现心绞痛和心电图的变化。如发生经证实的心血管反应(心律失常,心绞痛,ST段改变)则氟尿嘧啶不能再用,因有猝死危险。 禁忌
人类有极少数由于在妊娠初期三个月内应用本品而致先天性畸形者,并可能对胎儿产生远期影响。故在妇女妊娠初期三个月内禁用本药。由于本品潜在的致突、致畸及致癌性和可能在婴儿中出现的毒副反应,因此在应用本品期间不允许哺乳。当伴发水痘或带状疱疹时禁用本品。 氟尿嘧啶禁忌用于衰弱病人。 注意事项
1.本品在动物实验中有致畸和致癌性,但在人类,其致突、致畸和致癌性均明显低于氮芥类或其他细胞毒性药物,长期应用本品导致第二个原发恶性肿瘤的危险性比氮芥等烷化剂为小。 2.除单用本品较小剂量作放射增敏剂外,一般不宜和放射治疗同用。 3.当伴发水痘或带状疱疹时禁用本品。有下列情况者慎用本品: (1)肝功能明显异常; (2)周围血白细胞计数低于3500/mm3、血小板低于5万/mm3者; (3)感染、出血(包括皮下和胃肠道)或发热超过38℃者; (4)明显胃肠道梗阻; (5)失水或(和)酸碱、电解质平衡失调者。 4.开始治疗前及疗程中应定期检查周围血象。 5.老年患者慎用氟尿嘧啶,年龄在70岁以上及女性患者,曾报告对氟尿嘧啶为基础的化疗有个别的严重毒性危险因素。密切监测和保护脏器功能是必要的。 孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药
妇女妊娠初期三个月内禁用本药。应用本品期间禁止哺乳。 规格
5% X 40grams, 80grams, 120grams
Efudex Cream (Fluorouracil)
Efudex Cream is used for treating multiple actinic or solar keratoses (skin growths caused by exposure to sunlight). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Efudex Cream is an antineoplastic. It works by blocking the growth of certain cells. This causes cell death.
Most important: Complete healing of the lesions may not occur for 1 to 2 months after you stop using Efudex Cream.
The treated areas may be unattractive during therapy and for several weeks after treatment has stopped.
Efudex Cream may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Efudex Cream. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.
Do not use other medicines or products on the treated area without first checking with your doctor.
Do not use Efudex Cream for future skin problems without first checking with your doctor.
Lab tests, including biopsies, may be performed while you use Efudex Cream. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
Efudex Cream should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Do not use Efudex Cream if you are pregnant. It may cause harm to the fetus. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away. It is not known if Efudex Cream is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Efudex Cream.
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