英文药名: Loniten(minoxidil tablets)
中文药名: 米诺地尔片
品牌药生产厂家: Pfizer
药品名称
中文通用名称: 米诺地尔
英文通用名称: Minoxidil
其 它 名 称: 哌嘧啶二胺,敏乐定,长压定,Regaine,Prexidil,Minona,Loniten,Lonolox,降压定,蔓迪,米诺地尔片,Alostil,Headway,Lonnoten,MinOxyl,Minoxiganine,Pierminox,Regain,Riup,Rogaine,Minoxidil Solution,达霏欣,貌欣,米诺地尔酊,米诺地尔溶液,丝美,Minoxidil Tablets,Minoxidil Tincture,Minoxidil Gel,米诺地尔凝胶,学瑞,斯必申
性状：
白色或类白色结晶性粉未。可溶于冰醋酸，略溶于乙醇，微溶于氯仿或水。
作用与作用机制：
米诺地尔可激活ATP敏感的K+通道，从而促进平滑肌细胞K+外流，造成细胞膜超极化、平滑肌细胞松驰、血管扩张，降压作用很强。米诺地尔主要扩张小动脉，由于反射心肌收缩力及心率增加使心排出量增加。米诺地尔是很强的肾血管扩张剂，可使肾血流增加，但偶尔可因血压显著下降而致肾血流减少，亦具有很强的刺激肾素分泌的作用。目前研究发现本品长期使用尚可加重高血压动物的心肌肥厚程度，缩短生存期。
药动学：
口服吸收良好，1h达血药浓度峰值。不与血浆蛋白结合。主要以代谢产物经肾小球滤过，从尿排出t1/2约4h，但降压作用时间可维持24h，是药物在作用部位积聚所致。
注意事项：
由于其促进肾小管重吸收，可致水钠潴留。心血管方面不良反应有：心悸、心肌收缩力加强、心肌耗氧增加，可诱发心绞痛，主要是由于交感神经反射性兴奋所致。偶可致不同程度的心包积液、心电图T波变平或倒置、降低室颤阈，心肌缺血时可诱发室颤；多毛症可见于长期使用本品者。少见的不良反应有恶心、皮疹、结膜充血、红斑性狼疮、血小板减少、男子乳房增大、女子月经过多。 嗜铬细胞瘤患者禁用。肺源性心脏病、心绞痛、慢性充血性心力衰竭、严重肝功能不全患者慎用。
临床应用：
本品对绝大多数重度或顽固性高血压有效。由于不良反应较多，目前只应用于重度或顽固性高血压的治疗，且多其他抗高血压药合用以减少不良反应。
1.用于高血压。可作为二、三线抗高血压药用于顽固性高血压及肾性高血压。
2.外用可治疗男性型秃发(male pattern alopecia)和斑秃。
用法计量：
开始2.5-5mg/d，1-2次/d，可逐渐增加，每日最大剂量为50mg。
制剂：
片剂：2.5mg,5mg,10mg。
Minoxidil is used to control severely elevated blood pressure that is not manageable with a water pill and two other blood pressure pills on their own. After the first dose of minoxidil, blood pressure usually starts to go down within one-half hour.
High blood pressure increases the work of the heart and, if left for too long, may damage the heart, kidneys, brain, and blood vessels. Minoxidil works by relaxing the blood vessels so that the blood passes through them more easily. This helps to lower blood pressure.
Your doctor may choose to use this medication for other conditions. If you're unsure why you are taking this medication, contact your doctor.
Directions
The recommended starting dose of minoxidil is 5 mg given in two divided doses. If the desired blood pressure is not achieved, the doctor may increase the dose to 10 mg daily after three days, 20 mg daily after a further three days, and 40 mg daily after a further three days. These are only guidelines. Some people may require higher doses to keep their blood pressure under control. Many things can affect the dose of medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. If your doctor has recommended a dose different from the ones listed here, do not change the way that you are taking the medication without consulting your doctor.
If you miss dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and carry on with your usual dosing schedule. Call the doctor if you miss two or more doses in a row.
Precautions
Minoxidil should not be taken by anyone with:
sensitivity or allergy to minoxidil or any ingredient of the product
a condition caused by a kind of tumor called a pheochromocytoma
Before taking minoxidil, tell your doctor of any medical conditions, including:
angina (chest pain)
history of heart attack or stroke
heart disease or blood vessel disease
kidney disease
pheochromocytoma
Ask your doctor about checking your pulse rate before and after taking this medication.
Weigh yourself every day while taking minoxidil. If your weight increases by 5 pounds (2 pounds for children), call your doctor right away.
Side Effects
The following side effects have been reported with minoxidil but may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to it. If they persist or get worse, call your doctor.
increase in hair growth, usually on face, arms, and back
breast tenderness in males and females
headache
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if you experience any of the following:
bloating
flushing or redness of skin
swelling of feet or lower legs
numbness or tingling of hands, feet, or face
skin rash and itching
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
fast or irregular heartbeat
weight gain (rapid) of more than 5 pounds (2 pounds in children) - this means that your body is retaining more fluid than it should
chest pain
shortness of breath
Other side effects may occur that are not listed above. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor.
Drug Interactions
There are several medications that minoxidil can affect, that affect how minoxidil works, or that can increase the occurrence of side effects:
guanethidine
nitrates
any medication that has the effect of lowering blood pressure
Tell your doctor or prescriber about all prescription, over-the-counter (non-prescription), and herbal medications that you are taking. Also tell them about any supplements you take. Since caffeine, decongestants, alcohol, the nicotine from cigarettes, or street drugs can affect the action of many medications, you should let your prescriber know if you use them. Depending on your specific circumstances, your doctor may want you to:
stop taking one of the medications
change one of the medications to another
change how you are taking one or both of the medications
leave everything as is
An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of them. In many cases, interactions are intended or are managed by close monitoring. Speak to your doctor about how any drug interactions are being managed or should be managed.