英文药名:ANGIOMAX(Bivalirudin Inj)
中文药名:比伐卢定注射剂 【原研公司】:Biogen Idec (USA) 【给药说明】 比伐卢定(bivalirudin)是一种最近应用于临床的凝血酶抑制剂,早期的临床研究显示比伐卢定抗凝治疗效果确切,且出血事件的发生率较低,和传统的肝素抗凝治疗相比使用更为安全。比伐卢定可通过结合于催化剂位点和循环及凝血酶血块的阴离子输出位点而直接抑制凝血酶的作用。 比伐卢定(Bivalirudin,Angiomax)是人工合成的抗凝药物,其抗凝成分为水蛭素衍生物C端20个氨基酸残基的肽。最先由瑞士Biogen公司研发,后转让给剑桥医药公司(the Medicines Company,TMC),于1997年12月23日向FDA递交新药申请(New Drug Application,NDA),直到2000年12月15日才被批准作为抗凝药用于接受PTCA的不稳定型心绞痛患者。比伐卢定最早批准上市日期为2000年12月15日,为粉针剂,欧洲商品名:Angiox,美国商品名:Angiomax,作为抗凝血药,规格250mg;作为抗凝血药物应用于临床。 【分类名称】 一级分类:血液系统药物 二级分类:促凝血药 三级分类: 药品英文 Bivalirudin 药品别名 Angiomax 药物剂型 注射剂(冻干粉剂):250mg。 药理作用 本品是一种合成的抗凝药,是天然产生的水蛭素的类似物,是由20个氨基酸组成的多肽,能高亲和地与凝血酶结合而特异地抑制凝血酶活性,抑制凝血酶所催化和诱导的反应。比伐卢定不仅能与血浆游离的凝血酶结合,也能与血块相连的凝血酶结合,此结合是可逆的,且不需要AT-Ⅲ的存在。比伐卢定具有较强的抗凝作用,对多种动物动脉和静脉模型均有抗血栓作用。比伐卢定可使部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(PT)和活化凝血时间(ACT)延长。 药动学 比伐卢定不结合于血浆蛋白(除了凝血酶),在静推比伐卢定时,剂量与血浆浓度呈线性关系。静推比伐卢定1mg/kg和静脉滴注每小时2.5mg/kg 4h后,比伐卢定血浆浓度达稳态。比伐卢定是通过肾脏以蛋白水解方式中从血浆中清除,肾功能正常者的清除半衰期约为25min,中、重度的肾功能不全患者的清除半衰期延长。25%的比伐卢定可被透析掉。须监测APTT。本品静脉注射后,立即出现抗凝作用,可见到PT,APTT的时间延长。停药后1~2h,PT就可恢复正常范围。 适应证 不稳定型心绞痛患者接受PTCA术;经皮干预冠脉的急性缺血性并发症。 禁忌证 1.对本品过敏者、哺乳者禁用。 2.对任何出血患者禁用。 注意事项 用药后,尤其是中、重度的肾功能不全患者应注意监测APTT值。孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药,由于对妊娠及哺乳期妇女没有足够的临床研究,对妊娠妇女只有在必须用药时才可应用。动物研究显示,本品可进入乳汁,所以应以用药对哺乳期妇女的重要性来决定是停止哺乳还是停药。儿童用药,尚没有儿童用药的安全性资料。 老年患者用药,没有必要对老年人调整剂量。药物过量,若应用比伐卢定过量,无特效药物纠正,须停用比伐卢定。出血风险增高者慎用,中重度肾功能不全者不必减少开始的用量,但应减少最后20h的输注用量,并监测激活凝血时间(ACT)。也可根据肾小球滤过率(GRF)调整剂量。GRF为每分钟60~90ml者使用常用量,每分钟30~59ml者减量20%,每分钟10~29ml者减量60%;依赖透析者减量90%。 不良反应 出血为主要的不良反应。也可出现背痛、恶心、低血压和头痛。过敏反应的发生率为14%。用比伐卢定治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者停药后可出现心绞痛,及时给予足量阿司匹林可避免。注射部位疼痛、失眠、呕吐、骨盆痛、焦虑、心动过缓、厌食、腹痛、发热和神经过敏也有报道。 用法用量 为了减少接受经皮经腔冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)的不稳定型心绞痛患者发生急性缺血性并发症,建议在进行PTCA之前,立即静脉注射本品1mg/kg,继而以每小时2.5mg/kg的速度持续输注本品4h。如有必要,再以每小时0.2mg/kg的速度持续输注20h。同时,每天可以合用阿司匹林325mg。 药物相应作用 临床用华法林治疗时以凝血时间(PT)作为监测,比伐卢定可延长PT,故两药合用可影响华法林的治疗监测。肝素和阿加曲班均延长APTT。阿司匹林与比伐卢定合用不影响阿加曲班的血浆浓度。抑制凝血的药物,除阿司匹林外,与本品合用的安全性尚未确定。而与阿司匹林合用,可加强抗凝作用,亦应常查PT和APTT,防止出血发生。 专家点评 本品是一种合成的抗凝药,是天然产生的水蛭素的类似物。本品为凝血酶特异抑制剂,具有很强的抗凝血作用。其作用的发挥是通过与凝血酶的结合,抑制凝血酶以发挥其抗凝作用。它与肝素不同,其抗凝作用不需要血浆中ATⅢ的存在,可用于缺乏ATⅢ而又需要抗凝治疗患者。对血小板作用弱,不像肝素那样会引起血小板减少性紫癜,可用于血小板减少而又需要抗凝治疗的患者。本品不激活纤溶系统,出血的不良反应少。
Angiomax® (bivalirudin) for Injection Angiomax® (bivalirudin) for Injection is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated for use as an anticoagulant in patients: Undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with provisional use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) With, or at risk of, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome (HITTS), undergoing PCI With unstable angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Angiomax is intended for use with aspirin and has been studied only in patients receiving concomitant aspirin. The safety and effectiveness of Angiomax have not been established in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are not undergoing PCI or PTCA. Important Safety Information Angiomax® (bivalirudin) is contraindicated in patients with active major bleeding and hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to Angiomax or any of its components. Hemorrhage can occur at any site. An unexplained fall in blood pressure or hematocrit, or any unexplained symptom, should lead to serious consideration of a hemorrhagic event and cessation of Angiomax administration. Angiomax should be used with caution in patients with disease states associated with an increased risk of bleeding. In gamma brachytherapy, an increased risk of thrombus formation, including fatal outcomes, has been associated with the use of Angiomax. The most common adverse reaction for Angiomax was bleeding (28%). Other adverse reactions (>0.5%) for Angiomax were headache, thrombocytopenia, and fever. Please see full prescribing information for Angiomax. Product Overview Angiomax® (bivalirudin) is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated for use as an anticoagulant in patients: • Undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with provisional use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) • With, or at risk of, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or heparin-induced thrombocytopeniaand thrombosis syndrome (HITTS), undergoing PCI • With unstable angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Angiomax is intended for use with aspirin and has been studied only in patients receiving concomitant aspirin. The safety and effectiveness of Angiomax have not been established in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are not undergoing PCI or PTCA. Important Safety Information Angiomax is contraindicated in patients with active major bleeding and hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to Angiomax or any of its components. Hemorrhage can occur at any site. An unexplained fall in blood pressure or hematocrit, or any unexplained symptom, should lead to serious consideration of a hemorrhagic event and cessation of Angiomax administration. Angiomax should be used with caution in patients with disease states associated with an increased risk of bleeding. In gamma brachytherapy, an increased risk of thrombus formation, including fatal outcomes, has been associated with the use of Angiomax. The most common adverse reaction for Angiomax was bleeding (28%). Other adverse reactions (>0.5%) for Angiomax were headache, thrombocytopenia, and fever. ANGIOMAX SDV 250MG*10瓶/盒(美国上市) Generic Name: BIVALIRUDIN Class: R Manufacture: MEDICINES CO 中文名: 比伐卢定 Strength: 250MG
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