英文药名: Cytoxan(Cyclophosphamide Tablets and Injections)

中文药名: 环磷酰胺注射剂

药品说明；
【化学名称】对-［双-(β-氯乙基)胺基］-β-苯丙氨酸。
【别名】癌得星、安道生、CTX。
【药理及作用】本品属细胞毒类药物，主要是通过杀伤免疫细胞，阻止其增殖而抑制免疫反应。主要用于经常复发的肾病综合征和激素依赖型肾病综合征。与激素同用，有可能减少激素的副作用。
本品在体外无活性，进入体内被肝脏或肿瘤内存在的过量的磷酰胺酶或磷酸酶水解，变为活化作用型的磷酰胺氮芥而起作用。其作用机制与氮芥相似，与DNA发生交叉联结，抑制DNA的合成，也可干扰RNA的功能，属细胞周期非特异性药物。本品抗瘤谱广，对多种肿瘤有抑制作用。
【药代动力学】环磷酰胺口服易吸收，迅速分布全身，约1小时后达血浆峰浓度，在肝脏转化释出磷酰胺氮芥，其代谢产物约50%与蛋白结合。静注后血浆半衰期4～6小时，48小时内经肾脏排出50%～70%，其中68%为代谢产物，32%为原形。
【适应症】本品为目前广泛应用的抗癌药物，对恶性淋巴瘤、急性或慢性淋巴细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤有较好的疗效，对乳腺癌、睾丸肿瘤、卵巢癌、肺癌、头颈部鳞癌、鼻咽癌、神经母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤及骨肉瘤均有一定的疗效。
【用法】每天每千克体重2-3毫克，可分为两次口服。亦可将两天的剂量加入注射用生理盐水内，隔日静脉注射1次。累积量不超过每千克体重150毫克。
【不良反应】骨髓抑制：白细胞减少较血小板减少为常见，最低值在用药后1～2周，多在2～3周后恢复。对肝功有影响。胃肠道反应：包括食欲减退、恶心及呕吐，一般停药1～3天即可消失。泌尿道反应：当大剂量环磷酰胺静滴，而缺乏有效预防措施时，可致出血性膀胱炎，表现为膀胱刺激症状、少尿、血尿及蛋白尿，系其代谢产物丙烯醛刺激膀胱所致，但环磷酰胺常规剂量应用时，其发生率较低。其他反应尚包括脱发、口腔炎、中毒性肝炎、皮肤色素沉着、月经紊乱、无精子或精子减少及肺纤维化等。
【禁忌】抗癌药物，必须在有经验的专科医生指导下用药。凡有骨髓抑制、感染、肝肾功能损害者禁用或慎用。对本品过敏者禁用。妊娠及哺乳期妇女禁用。
【注意】
1.本品早期副作用有骨髓抑制（白细胞减少等），感染，出血性膀胱炎，脱发，胃肠道反应；远期副作用有生殖系统功能损害（主要为睾丸生精能力损害，停经及卵巢纤维化较少见），发生恶性肿瘤。
2.用药期间，特别是用药后1-2周，定期检查血白细胞，如白细胞≤3Χ109/升，应减少本药的剂量或暂停使用。以免其代谢产物停留在膀胱内时间过长，而引起出血性膀胱炎。
【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】有致突变、致畸胎作用，可造成胎儿死亡或先天畸形，妊娠妇女禁用。本品可在乳汁中排出，在开始用药时必须中止哺乳。
【药物相互作用】环磷酰胺可使血清中假胆碱酯酶减少，使血清尿酸水平增高，因此，与抗痛风药如别嘌呤醇、秋水仙碱、丙磺舒等同用时，应调整抗痛风药物的剂量。此外也加强了琥珀胆碱的神经肌肉阻滞作用，可使呼吸暂停延长。环磷酰胺可抑制胆碱酯酶活性，因而延长可卡因的作用并增加毒性。大剂量巴比妥类、皮质激素类药物可影响环磷酰胺的代谢，同时应用可增加环磷酰胺的急性毒性。
【贮藏】遮光，密闭，在30℃以下保存。

Cytoxan (Cyclophosphamide): Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment
Cyclophosphamide
Brand Names: Cytoxan

Clinical Names: Cyclophosphamide

Summary

generic name: Cyclophosphamide

trade name: Cytoxan®

type of drug: Antineoplastic agent.

used to treat: Various forms of cancer, especially lymphomas, leukemias, neuroblastoma (in patients with disseminated disease), adenocarcinoma of the ovary, and retinoblastoma.

mechanism: Cyclophosphamide is activated by metabolism in the liver by the mixed-function oxidase system of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

overview of interactions:
• nutrients affecting drug performance: Vitamin A, Beta-Carotene and Vitamin E (Antioxidants)

• nutrient affecting drug performance: Vitamin C

• nutrient affected by drug: Sodium

Interactions

nutrients affecting drug performance: Vitamin A, Beta-Carotene and Vitamin E (Antioxidants)

• research: Preliminary studies on humans undergoing chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide have indicated promise of increased survival rates when supplemented with antioxidant nutrients. While antioxidants might have many benefits as supplements, evidence as to their effectiveness in patients taking cyclophosphamide are inconclusive.
(Jaakkola K, et al. Anticancer Res 1992 May;12(3):599-606; Venugopal M, et al. Life Sci 1996;59(17):1389-1400; Vinitha R, et al. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1995 Jun;48(3):145-156.)

• nutritional concerns: Since activation of cyclophosphamide requires oxidation in the liver there has been concern that antioxidant supplementation might interfere with its effectiveness. However, at this time such concern remains speculative as no conclusive evidence as emerged to confirm an adverse interaction of this type.
(Labriola D, Livingston R. Oncology (Huntingt). 1999 Jul;13(7):1003-1008.)

nutrient affecting drug performance: Vitamin C

• research: In contrast to the concerns above, some research with mice has found a valuable synergistic effect from the combination of vitamin C and cyclophosphamide.
(Taper HS, et al. Anticancer Res 1996 Jan;16(1):499-503; Taper HS, et al. Int J Cancer 1987 Oct 15;40(4):575-579.)

• nutritional support: The relevance for humans of the conclusions from the above animal research is still largely speculative. Individuals taking cyclophosphamide might experience greater efficacy of their medication with the simultaneous use of vitamin C but such approaches should only be attempted after consultation with and under the close supervision of the prescribing physican and/or a healthcare professional trained in nutritional therapies. While the animal research does not provide precise indications for the appropriate dosage in humans using cyclophosphamide, a dosage of 1,000-2,000 mg of vitamin C 2-3 times daily could provide benefit without causing significant risk. If diarrhea results from ingestion of excessive vitamin C, the dose can simply be lowered to bowel tolerance.

nutrient affected by drug: Sodium

• mechanism: The antidiuretic effect of cyclophosphamide may induce dilutional hyponatremia and water intoxification, especially when hospitalized patients are under a concomitant overhydration protocol.
(Steele TH, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1973 May;185(2):245-253; Bode U, et al. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1980;8(3):295-303; Spital A, Ristow S. J Rheumatol 1997 Dec;24(12):2473-2475; Chintanadilok J, et al. Geriatr Nephrol Urol. 1998;8(3):161-165; Berghmans T. Support Care Cancer. 1996 Sep;4(5):341-350; Webberley MJ, et al. Postgrad Med J. 1989 Dec;65(770):950-952.)
附件:
2010111117555539.pdf

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注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买时请电话咨询为准！
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
CYTOXAN 500mg/12mls/vial
原产地英文药品名:
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
中文参考商品译名:
CYTOXAN 500毫克/12毫升/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
环磷酰胺
中文参考化合物名称:
对-［双-(β-氯乙基)胺基］-β-苯丙氨酸
生产厂家中文参考译名:
百特
生产厂家英文名:
BAXTER HLTHCARE
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
CYTOXAN 500mg/ml/vial
原产地英文药品名:
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
中文参考商品译名:
CYTOXAN 500毫克/毫升/瓶
中文参考药品译名:
环磷酰胺
中文参考化合物名称:
对-［双-(β-氯乙基)胺基］-β-苯丙氨酸
生产厂家中文参考译名:
百特
生产厂家英文名:
BAXTER HLTHCARE