近日；FDA批准哮喘治疗新药Xopenex HFA（中文：沙丁胺醇吸入剂） XOPENEX HFA Generic Name and Formulations: Levalbuterol (as tartrate) (single-isomer albuterol) 45mcg/inh; metered dose inhaler; CFC-free. Company: Sunovion Indications for XOPENEX HFA: Bronchospasm. Adults and Children's Dose: <4yrs: not established. ≥4yrs: 2 inh every 4–6 hrs; or 1 inh every 4 hrs may suffice. See Also: XOPENEX XOPENEX CONCENTRATE Pharmacological Class: beta-2 agonist. Warnings/Precautions: Do not exceed recommended dose; monitor for increased need. Sensitivity to sympathomimetics. Discontinue if paradoxical bronchospasm or cardiovascular effects occur. Cardiovascular disease (esp. coronary insufficiency, arrhythmias, hypertension). Seizure disorders. Diabetes. Hyperthyroidism. Labor & delivery. Pregnancy (Cat.C). Nursing mothers: not recommended. Interactions: Avoid within 2 weeks of MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants. Avoid other short-acting sympathomimetic aerosol bronchodilators, epinephrine. Antagonized by β-blockers. Monitor digoxin. Caution with other drugs that may lower serum potassium (eg, diuretics). Adverse Reactions: Accidental injury, bronchitis, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, pain, pharyngitis, rhinitis, vomiting; paradoxical bronchospasm, hypersensitivity reactions, cardiovascular effects, hypokalemia. Generic Availability: Vials (YES); HFA (NO) How Supplied: Inhaler w. actuator (80inh)—8.4g, (200 inh)—15g; Soln 0.31mg/3mL, 0.63mg/3mL, 1.25mg/3mL—24 vials; Concentrate 1.25mg/0.5mL—30 vials 专家点评 沙丁胺醇是一种临床应用较久，作用为广泛证实的β1受体激动剂，服用方便，局部刺激性小，安全性好，疗效肯定。沙丁胺醇和曲尼司特组成的复方制剂既能发挥沙丁胺醇快速平喘作用，又能发挥曲尼司特抗过敏作用，尚可防止沙丁胺醇长期服用出现的耐药现象。由它们组成的复方曲尼司特胶囊对哮喘有效率，症状和体征的改善程度，肺功能改善及抗过敏作用均优于沙丁胺醇，不良反应率低，对血压、心率、造血功能和肝肾功能，心脏无不良反应。此外，它有降低子宫肌肉对刺激的应激性，使子宫松弛、抑制子宫收缩，利用妊娠，防止先兆流产。具有明显的松弛支气管平滑肌作用，临床常用于支气管哮喘、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿等。也能通过兴奋β受体松弛子宫平滑肌，产生保胎作用。此外，β1受体的作用较弱，增加心率作用仅为异丙肾上腺体的1/2，因此临床也用于抗心动过缓药。