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新型抗癌药Imlygic(Talimogene Laherparepvec)获美国及欧洲批准的首个溶瘤病毒治疗药物
Use Table 2 to determine the volume of IMLYGIC injection for each lesion. Table 2. Determination of IMLYGIC Injection Volume Based on Lesion Size
Continue IMLYGIC treatment for at least 6 months unless other treatment is required or until there are no injectable lesions to treat. Reinitiate IMLYGIC treatment if new unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal lesions appear after a complete response. 2.2 Preparation and Handling Healthcare providers who are immunocompromised or pregnant should not prepare or administer IMLYGIC and should not come into direct contact with the IMLYGIC injection sites, dressings, or body fluids of treated patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Avoid accidental exposure to IMLYGIC and follow universal biohazard precautions for preparation, administration, and handling of IMLYGIC: Wear personal protective equipment (protective gown or laboratory coat, safety glasses or face shield, and gloves) while preparing or administering IMLYGIC. Avoid accidental exposure to IMLYGIC, especially contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. ○ Cover any exposed wounds before handling. ○ In the event of an accidental occupational exposure (e.g., through a splash to the eyes or mucous membranes), flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes. ○ In the event of exposure to broken skin or needle stick, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water and/or a disinfectant. Treat all IMLYGIC spills with a virucidal agent such as 1% sodium hypochlorite and blot using absorbent materials. Dispose of all materials that may have come in contact with IMLYGIC (e.g., vial, syringe, needle, cotton gauze, gloves, masks, or dressings) in accordance with universal biohazard precautions. Advise patients to place used dressings and cleaning materials into a sealed plastic bag and dispose in household waste. Thawing IMLYGIC Vials 1. Determine the total volume required for injection, up to 4 ml [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. 2. Thaw frozen IMLYGIC vials at room temperature [20º to 25ºC (68º to 77ºF)] until IMLYGIC is liquid (approximately 30 minutes). Do not expose the vial to higher temperatures. Keep the vial in original carton during thawing. 3. Swirl gently. Do NOT shake. 4. After thawing, administer IMLYGIC immediately or store in its original vial and carton, protected from light in a refrigerator [2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F)] for no longer than the specified duration in Table 3. Do not refreeze IMLYGIC after thawing. Discard any IMLYGIC vial left in the refrigerator longer than the specified times in Table 3. Table 3. Storage Times for Thawed IMLYGIC Vial at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F)
6. Using aseptic technique, remove the vial cap and withdraw the product from the vial into the syringe(s), noting the total volume. Avoid generating aerosols when loading syringes with product, and use a biologic safety cabinet if available. 2.3 Administration Follow the steps below to administer IMLYGIC to patients: Pre-Injection Clean the lesion and surrounding areas with an alcohol swab and let dry. Treat the injection site with a topical or local anesthetic agent, if necessary. Do not inject anesthetic agent directly into the lesion. Inject anesthetic agent around the periphery of the lesion. Injection 1. Inject IMLYGIC intralesionally into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and/or nodal lesions that are visible, palpable, or detectable by ultrasound guidance. Using a single insertion point, inject IMLYGIC along multiple tracks as far as the radial reach of the needle allows within the lesion to achieve even and complete dispersion. Multiple insertion points may be used if a lesion is larger than the radial reach of the needle.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS IMLYGIC is sensitive to acyclovir. Acyclovir or other antiherpetic viral agents may interfere with the effectiveness of IMLYGIC. No drug interaction studies have been conducted with IMLYGIC. 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Adequate and well-controlled studies with IMLYGIC have not been conducted in pregnant women. No effects on embryo-fetal development have been observed in a study conducted in pregnant mice. The design of the study limits application of the animal data to humans [see Data]. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations If the patient becomes pregnant while taking IMLYGIC, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazards to the fetus and neonate. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment with IMLYGIC. If a pregnant woman has an infection with wild-type Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) (primary or reactivation), there is potential for the virus to cross the placental barrier and also a risk of transmission during birth due to viral shedding. Infections with wild-type HSV-1 have been associated with serious adverse effects, including multi-organ failure and death, if a fetus or neonate contracts the wild-type herpes infection. While there are no clinical data to date on IMLYGIC infections in pregnant women, there could be a risk to the fetus or neonate if IMLYGIC were to act in the same manner. Data Animal Data No effects on embryo-fetal development were observed when IMLYGIC was intravenously administered during organogenesis to immunocompetent pregnant mice at doses up to 4 x 108 (400 million) PFU per kg (60-fold higher, on a PFU per kg basis, compared to the maximum clinical dose). Levels of IMLYGIC DNA in pooled fetal blood were at or below the assay detection level. Study design limitations included: 1) administration of IMLYGIC expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (huGM-CSF), which is not biologically active in mice; 2) unknown transplacental kinetics of IMLYGIC following intravenous administration in pregnant mice; and 3) unknown significance of IMLYGIC dose extrapolation from animal to human based on body weight. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of IMLYGIC in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for IMLYGIC and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from IMLYGIC or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Because medicinal products can be found in human milk, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue IMLYGIC while nursing. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential No nonclinical or clinical studies were performed to evaluate the effect of IMLYGIC on fertility. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of IMLYGIC have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use In clinical studies, no overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between geriatric patients (≥ 65 years old) and younger patients. 8.6 Renal Impairment No clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of IMLYGIC. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment No clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of IMLYGIC. 10 OVERDOSAGE There is no clinical experience with an overdose with IMLYGIC. Doses up to 4 mL at dose strength of 108 (100 million) PFU per mL every 2 weeks (maximum cumulative dose of 222.5 x 108 PFU) have been administered in clinical studies, with no evidence of dose-limiting toxicity. The maximum dose of IMLYGIC that can be safely administered has not been determined. In the event of a suspected overdose, the patient should be treated symptomatically and supportive measures instituted as required [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. 11 DESCRIPTION IMLYGIC (talimogene laherparepvec) is a sterile suspension for intralesional injection. IMLYGIC is a live, attenuated HSV-1 that has been genetically modified to express huGM-CSF. The parental virus for IMLYGIC was a primary isolate, which was subsequently altered using recombinant methods to result in gene deletions and insertions. Each vial contains 1 mL deliverable volume of IMLYGIC at either 1 x 106 (1 million) PFU per mL or 1 x 108 (100 million) PFU per mL concentrations and the following excipients: di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (15.4 mg), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (2.44 mg), sodium chloride (8.5 mg), myo-inositol (40 mg), sorbitol (20 mg), and water for injection. The 106 (1 million) PFU per mL vial of IMLYGIC contains a clear to semi-translucent liquid following thaw from its frozen state. The 108 (100 million) PFU per mL vial of IMLYGIC contains a semi-translucent to opaque liquid following thaw from its frozen state. The liquid in each vial may contain white, visible, variously shaped, virus-containing particles. Each vial of IMLYGIC may also contain residual components of VERO cells including DNA and protein and trace quantities of fetal bovine serum. The product contains no preservative. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action IMLYGIC has been genetically modified to replicate within tumors and to produce the immune stimulatory protein GM-CSF. IMLYGIC causes lysis of tumors, followed by release of tumor-derived antigens, which together with virally derived GM-CSF may promote an antitumor immune response. However, the exact mechanism of action is unknown. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Biodistribution (within the body) and Viral Shedding (excretion/secretion) IMLYGIC viral DNA levels in various tissues and secretions were determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Infectious IMLYGIC at the injection sites and at some potential herpetic lesions was also quantified using viral infectivity assays. Nonclinical data Following repeat intratumoral administration in mice, IMLYGIC DNA was primarily detected in the tumor, blood, spleen, lymph node, liver, heart, and kidney. IMLYGIC DNA was not detected in bone marrow, eyes, lachrymal glands, nasal mucosa, or feces. The highest level of IMLYGIC DNA was found in the injected tumor. IMLYGIC DNA was found in the injected tumor through 84 days and in blood samples through 14 days after the last administration of IMLYGIC. Clinical data The biodistribution and shedding of intralesionally administered IMLYGIC are being investigated in an ongoing study measuring IMLYGIC DNA and virus in blood, oral mucosa, urine, injection site, and occlusive dressings. In the initial 20 patients with melanoma who received IMLYGIC intralesional injection at a dose and schedule similar to that of the clinical study [see Clinical Studies (14)], available data indicate that IMLYGIC DNA was present in the blood in 17 (85%) patients and in urine of 4 (20%) patients during the study. The peak levels of IMLYGIC DNA in the urine were detected on the day of treatment. Infectious IMLYGIC virus was detected at the site of injection in 3 (15%) patients at a single time point each, and all within the first week after the initial injection. The exterior of the occlusive dressings was positive for IMLYGIC DNA in 14 (70%) patients during the study; however, no infectious virus was detected on the exterior of the occlusive dressing. The number of patients with measurable levels of IMLYGIC DNA on the exterior of occlusive dressings declined over time with no measurable DNA by the third treatment in 13 patients tested. 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Repeated intratumoral administration at 2 x 108 (200 million) PFU per kg (30-fold maximum proposed clinical dose, extrapolated based on body weight) did not demonstrate any adverse effects in immunocompetent mice. Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice administered repeat intratumoral injections of IMLYGIC at a dose of 30-fold maximum proposed clinical dose developed systemic viral infection (viral inclusion bodies or necrosis in enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, adrenal gland, skin, pancreatic islet cells, eye, pineal gland, and brain). 14 CLINICAL STUDIES The safety and efficacy of intralesional injections of IMLYGIC compared with subcutaneously administered GM-CSF was evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical study in patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, and IV melanoma that was considered to be not surgically resectable. IMLYGIC was injected into cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal melanoma lesions and was not injected into visceral lesions. Previous systemic treatment for melanoma was allowed. Patients with active cerebral metastases, bony metastases, extensive visceral disease, primary ocular or mucosal melanoma, evidence of immunosuppression, or receiving treatment with a systemic antiherpetic agent were excluded from the study. The study included 250 (57%) men and 186 (43%) women. The mean age was 63 (range: 22 to 94) years. Most patients (98%) were white. Seventy percent (70%) of patients had baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of zero. Seventy percent (70%) of patients had stage IV disease (27% M1a; 21% M1b; and 22% M1c), and 30% had stage III disease. Fifty-three percent (53%) of patients had received prior therapy for melanoma (other than or in addition to surgery, adjuvant therapy, or radiation), and 58% were seropositive for wild-type HSV-1 at baseline. A total of 436 patients were randomized to receive either IMLYGIC (n = 295) or GM-CSF (n = 141). IMLYGIC was administered by intralesional injection at an initial concentration of 106 (1 million) PFU per mL on Day 1, followed by a concentration of 108 (100 million) PFU per mL on Day 21 and every 2 weeks thereafter, at a dose of up to 4 mL per visit. GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously in 28-day cycles, i.e., 125 µg/m2 daily for 14 days followed by 14 days without GM-CSF administration. Patients were to be treated for at least 6 months or until there were no injectable lesions. During this period, treatment could continue despite an increase in size in existing lesion(s) and/or development of new lesion(s), unless the patient developed intolerable toxicity or the investigator believed that it was in the best interest of the patient to stop treatment or to be given other therapy for melanoma. After 6 months of treatment, patients were to continue treatment until clinically relevant disease progression (i.e., disease progression associated with a decline in performance status and/or alternative therapy was required in the opinion of the investigator), up to 12 months. Patients experiencing a response at 12 months after the start of treatment could continue treatment for up to an additional 6 months, unless there were no remaining injectable lesions or disease progression. All patients were to be followed for survival status for at least 36 months. The major efficacy outcome was durable response rate (DRR), defined as the percent of patients with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) maintained continuously for a minimum of 6 months. Tumor responses were determined according to World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria modified to allow patients who developed new lesions or disease progression of existing lesions to continue the treatment and be evaluated later for tumor response. The DRR was 16.3% in the IMLYGIC arm and 2.1% in the GM-CSF arm in the overall study population. The unadjusted relative risk was 7.6 (95% CI: 2.4, 24.1), with a p-value < 0.0001. The median time to response was 4.1 (range: 1.2 to 16.7) months in the IMLYGIC arm. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the IMLYGIC and the GM-CSF arms. The median OS in the overall study population was 22.9 months in the IMLYGIC arm and 19.0 months in the GM-CSF arm (p = 0.116). 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied IMLYGIC is provided as a sterile frozen suspension in a single-use, cyclic olefin polymer (COP) plastic resin vial with a chlorobutyl elastomer stopper, aluminum seal, and polypropylene cap. Each vial contains a retrievable minimal volume of 1 mL. The vial cap is color coded: 106 (1 million) PFU per mL is light green (NDC 55513-078-01). 108 (100 million) PFU per mL is royal blue (NDC 55513-079-01). Storage and Handling Store and transport IMLYGIC at −90°C to −70°C (−130°F to −94°F). Protect IMLYGIC from light. Store IMLYGIC in the carton until use. Thaw IMLYGIC immediately prior to administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Do not draw IMLYGIC into a syringe until immediately prior to administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise patients and/or close contacts to: Read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Follow instructions below to prevent viral transmission [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]: ○ Avoid direct contact with injection sites, dressings, or body fluids of patients. ○ Wear gloves when changing dressing. ○ Avoid touching or scratching injection sites. ○ Keep injection sites covered for at least the first week after each treatment visit or longer if the injection site is weeping or oozing. Replace dressing if it falls off. ○ Dispose of used dressings and cleaning materials in household waste in a sealed plastic bag. Female patients of childbearing potential should use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment with IMLYGIC [see Contraindications (4.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Close contacts who are pregnant or immunocompromised should not change dressings or clean injection sites [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. In case of accidental exposure to IMLYGIC, clean the exposed area with soap and water and/or a disinfectant. Patients or close contacts with suspected herpetic infections should contact their healthcare provider to evaluate the lesions. Suspected herpetic lesions should be reported to Amgen at 1-855-IMLYGIC (1-855-465-9442); patients or close contacts have the option of follow-up testing for further characterization of the infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and (5.2)]. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=64ffb680-ea8c-42fc-9649-9e8c0eb77ddb
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IMLYGIC（talimogene laherparepvec，T-Vec）简介：
新型抗癌药Imlygic(Talimogene Laherparepvec)获美国及欧洲批准的首个溶瘤病毒治疗药物205年10月27日，美国FDA批准Imlygic（Talimogene laherparepvec）用于皮肤及淋巴结黑色素瘤病变治疗，该药物也是F ... 责任编辑：admin |
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