英文药名: Zofran(Ondansetron Oral Solution)

中文药名: 枢复宁（昂丹司口服液）

生产厂家: Glaxo Smith Kline

药品名称和成分

别名: 恩丹西酮, 枢复宁, 昂丹司琼, 奥丹西龙
外文名: Ondansetron Hydrochloride , Zofran
主要成分：盐酸恩丹西酮
药理作用

是一种高选择性的5-羟色胺3受体拮抗剂，即一种新的强效止吐药。该药控制恶心呕吐的机理，是拮抗外周和中枢神经元5-羟色胺3受体，从而阻断因化疗和放疗等因素引起小肠的5-羟色胺释放，通过5-羟色胺3受体引起迷走传入神经兴奋而导致的呕吐反射。有高效选择性作用，因而不具有其他止吐药的副作用，如锥体外系反应、过度镇静等。
药代动力学

文献报导，本品口服后约2小时血药浓度达高峰，绝对生物利用度约60%，血浆蛋白结合率约70～76%，药物终末消除半衰期约3小时，老年人可能延长至5小时，代谢物由粪和尿排出。
适应症

用于放射治疗和细胞毒类药物化疗引起的呕吐。
用法用量

1 对于高度催吐的化疗药引起的呕吐：化疗前15分钟、化疗后4小时、8小时各静脉注射恩丹西酮注射液8mg，化疗以后每8小时口服恩丹西酮片8mg，连用5天。
2 对催吐程度不太强的化疗药引起的呕吐：化疗前15分钟静脉注射恩丹西酮注射液8mg，以后每8小时口服恩丹西酮片8mg，连用5天。
3 对于放射治疗引起的呕吐：首剂须于放疗前1至2小时口服片剂8mg，以后每8小时口服8mg，疗程视放疗的疗程而定。
4 任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
不良反应

可有头痛，腹部不适，便秘，偶有短暂性无症状转氨酶升高。上述反应轻微，无须特殊处理。
禁忌症

1 胃肠道梗阻者不用。
2 对本品过敏者禁用。
注意事项

1 孕妇慎用。
2 哺乳期妇女慎用，若使用本品应停止哺乳。
规格

片剂 4mg，8mg（以C18H19N3O计）
口服液 4mg/5ml

贮藏

遮光，密闭，在阴凉干燥处保存。

Ondansetron Oral Solution
Marketed by: Amneal Pharmaceuticals
Compared to: Zofran (GlaxoSmithKline)
Indication: The FDA approved ondansetron oral solution, Amneal’s AA-rated, therapeutically equivalent alternative to GlaxoSmithKline’s antiemetic Zofran. Amneal’s product is indicated for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and postoperative recovery. It is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of serotonin, the release of which may initiate the vomiting reflex. Ondansetron is administered prior to the treatment or procedure that is likely to cause nausea and vomiting, and may be continued for 1 to 2 days afterwards.
Dosage Form: Oral solution: 4 mg/5 mL
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Uses
This medication is used alone or with other medications to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy) and radiation therapy. It is also used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. It works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (serotonin) that causes vomiting.
How to use
To prevent nausea from chemotherapy, take this medication by mouth usually within 30 minutes before treatment begins. To prevent nausea from radiation treatment, take this medication by mouth 1 to 2 hours before the start of your treatment. To prevent nausea after surgery, take ondansetron by mouth 1 hour before the start of surgery. This medication may be taken with or without food. However, your doctor may tell you not to eat before chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery.If you are using the liquid form of this medication, use a special measuring spoon or device to measure out your prescribed dose. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose.Take any other doses as directed by your doctor. Ondansetron may be taken up to 3 times a day for 1 to 2 days after your chemotherapy or radiation treatment is finished. If you are taking this medication on a prescribed schedule, take it regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. The dosage for children may also be based on age and weight. The usual maximum dose in patients with severe liver problems is 8 milligrams in 24 hours. Take this medication exactly as directed. Do not take more medication or take it more often than prescribed. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions.Inform your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.
Precautions
Before taking ondansetron, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other serotonin blockers (e.g., granisetron); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: irregular heartbeat, liver disease, stomach/intestinal problems (e.g., recent abdominal surgery, ileus, swelling).Ondansetron may cause a condition that affects the heart rhythm (QT prolongation). QT prolongation can infrequently result in serious (rarely fatal) fast/irregular heartbeat and other symptoms (such as severe dizziness, fainting) that need medical attention right away. The risk of QT prolongation may be increased if you have certain medical conditions or are taking other drugs that may affect the heart rhythm (see also Drug Interactions section). Before using ondansetron, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any of the following conditions: certain heart problems (heart failure, slow heartbeat, QT prolongation in the EKG), family history of certain heart problems (QT prolongation in the EKG, sudden cardiac death).Low levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood may also increase your risk of QT prolongation. This risk may increase if you use certain drugs (such as diuretics/"water pills") or if you have conditions such as severe sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting. Talk to your doctor about using ondansetron safely.This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Limit alcoholic beverages.To minimize dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Drug interactions
Your healthcare professionals (e.g., doctor or pharmacist) may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.This drug should not be used with the following medication because a very serious interaction may occur: apomorphine.If you are currently using the medication listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting ondansetron.Before using this medication, tell your doctor of all nonprescription and prescription medication you may use, especially of: tramadol.Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.Many drugs besides ondansetron may affect the heart rhythm (QT prolongation), including dofetilide, pimozide, procainamide, amiodarone, quinidine, sotalol, macrolide antibiotics (such as erythromycin), among others. Therefore, before using ondansetron, report all medications you are currently using to your doctor or pharmacist.This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
Side effects
Headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, or constipation may occur. If these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor promptly.Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: stomach pain, muscle spasm/stiffness, vision changes (e.g., temporary loss of vision, blurred vision).Get medical help right away if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: chest pain, slow/fast/irregular heartbeat, severe dizziness, fainting.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but stop taking this medication and seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
Missed dose
Try to take each dose at the scheduled time. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered unless it is near the time for the next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Do not share this product with others.Laboratory and/or medical tests (such as EKG) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.
Storage
Tablets may be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature between 36-86 degrees F (2-30 degrees C). Store the liquid form at room temperature between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C).Store away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines out of reach of children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.