英文药名: Zofran ODT(Ondansetron Orally disintegrating Tablets)

中文药名: 枢复宁（昂丹司琼口腔崩解片）

生产厂家: Glaxo Smith Kline

药品名称和成分

别名: 恩丹西酮, 枢复宁, 昂丹司琼, 奥丹西龙
外文名: Ondansetron Hydrochloride , Zofran
主要成分：盐酸恩丹西酮
药理作用

是一种高选择性的5-羟色胺3受体拮抗剂，即一种新的强效止吐药。该药控制恶心呕吐的机理，是拮抗外周和中枢神经元5-羟色胺3受体，从而阻断因化疗和放疗等因素引起小肠的5-羟色胺释放，通过5-羟色胺3受体引起迷走传入神经兴奋而导致的呕吐反射。有高效选择性作用，因而不具有其他止吐药的副作用，如锥体外系反应、过度镇静等。
药代动力学

文献报导，本品口服后约2小时血药浓度达高峰，绝对生物利用度约60%，血浆蛋白结合率约70～76%，药物终末消除半衰期约3小时，老年人可能延长至5小时，代谢物由粪和尿排出。
适应症

用于放射治疗和细胞毒类药物化疗引起的呕吐。
用法用量

1 对于高度催吐的化疗药引起的呕吐：化疗前15分钟、化疗后4小时、8小时各静脉注射恩丹西酮注射液8mg，化疗以后每8小时口服恩丹西酮片8mg，连用5天。
2 对催吐程度不太强的化疗药引起的呕吐：化疗前15分钟静脉注射恩丹西酮注射液8mg，以后每8小时口服恩丹西酮片8mg，连用5天。
3 对于放射治疗引起的呕吐：首剂须于放疗前1至2小时口服片剂8mg，以后每8小时口服8mg，疗程视放疗的疗程而定。
4 任何疑问，请遵医嘱！
不良反应

可有头痛，腹部不适，便秘，偶有短暂性无症状转氨酶升高。上述反应轻微，无须特殊处理。
禁忌症

1 胃肠道梗阻者不用。
2 对本品过敏者禁用。
注意事项

1 孕妇慎用。
2 哺乳期妇女慎用，若使用本品应停止哺乳。
规格

片剂 4mg，8mg（以C18H19N3O计）
口服液 4mg/5ml
贮藏

遮光，密闭，在阴凉干燥处保存。

Zofran ODT Drug Information
Zofran ODT, an orally disintegrating tablet is used for preventing instances of nausea and vomiting caused due to cancer chemotherapy, particularly more so during repeat course of cancer chemotherapy. This generic drug is also helps prevent nausea or vomiting after a surgery. This drug acts by blocking the serotonin 5– HT 3 receptor in the central as well as the peripheral nerves along with the chemo receptor zone. This enables in deactivating the area that controls vomit.
Side Effects and Precautions for Zofran ODT
Ondansetron ODT may cause a few serious side effects like blurred vision or temporary blindness, muscle spasm or twitching in the face and stiffness in the neck. If you have any of these serious side effects, contact your doctor immediately. Zofran ODT is also responsible for a few less serious side effects that include diarrhea, constipation, stomach cramps, fever, headache, blurred vision, pain or redness in the injected area, dryness in mouth, dizziness and unusual weakness.
Zofran, ondansetron
Chemical Name
Ondansetron

Ingredients
Active Ingredients: ondansetron

Non-Active Ingredients: aspartame, gelatin, mannitol, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben sodium, as well as strawberry flavor.

Indications
Zofran is used to treat severe nausea and vomiting resulting from chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments. It is also used in treating post-operative nausea and vomiting.

How It Works
This drug is an anti-emetic. It works by inhibiting serotonin receptors which limits the activity in the vagus nerve, thereby deactivating the part of the medulla oblongata that triggers certain kinds of vomiting and nausea, such as those caused by many types of chemotherapy.

Dosage
Tablets (EU 8 mg, EU 8 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg)
The recommended initial dose of Zofran will depend on the cause of the nausea and vomiting you are trying to prevent.

For the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: Three 8 mg tablets making 24 mg 30 minutes prior to beginning a single-day treatment.

Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy: the adult dosage that is recommended is one 8 mg tablet taken 30 minutes before the therapy begins. Another tablet should be taken 8 hours after the first dose.

Precautions
Zofran is contraindicated in people who have hypersensitivity to ingredients in Zofran.

Speak to a doctor if you have the following conditions: liver disease or stomach or intestinal problems

This medicine may cause harm to an unborn baby. Before taking Zofran, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known if Zofran passes into breast milk and may cause harm to a nursing baby. Consult your doctor before using this medication if you are pregnant or are breast-feeding a baby.

You should consult a doctor before using this medication if you are allergic to ondansetron or similar medicines, or any of the other ingredients of Zofran.

Drug Interactions
Consult a doctor before taking Zofran if you are taking apomorphine as, when taken in conjunction with Zofran, it can cause extremely low blood pressure.

Before using this Zofran, tell your doctor or pharmacist about all prescription and non-prescription medications, including herbal products, minerals and vitamins you may be taking. Other medications may affect how Zofran works or may cause other unforeseen complications.

Adverse/Side Effects
It is not uncommon for Zofran to cause the following minor side effects: lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness. If these side effects persist or become overly bothersome, contact your doctor or health-care professional.

Infrequent side effects may include constipation.

Rare side effects may also include stomach pain, muscle spasms and stiffness, or vision changes like blurred vision or vision loss.

If any of these side effects become bothersome seek medical attention immediately.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. This may not be a complete list of side effects and may be subject to change, consult with your doctor or pharmacist if you are experiencing any worrisome side effects.

Overdose
If you suspect overdose, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose include sudden blindness and severe constipation.

Storage Instructions
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and light, and out of reach of children and pets.