2012年2月,欧盟委员会批准了Gedeon Richter公司开发的醋酸乌利司他（ulipristal acetate）5mg片剂Esmya,用于术前治疗有中至重度症状的子宫肌瘤患者。子宫肌瘤是妇女生殖道中最常见的良性实体瘤,先前仅促性腺激素释放激素激动剂获准术前治疗子宫肌瘤,但这类药物会将妇女体内的雌激素抑制至绝经后水平,导致潮热、抑郁、情绪波动、性欲低下、阴道炎和骨密度降低等显著不良反应,实际应用相对有限。 包装规格 德国 ESMYA 5 mg Tabletten 28 Stk. Gedeon Richter Pharma GmbH   瑞士 Esmya Tabletten 5mg 28 Stück Gedeon Richter (Schweiz) AG 英国 Esmya Tabletten 5mg 28 Stück Gedeon Richter Plc. Esmya 5 mg Tablets (ulipristal acetate)  1. Name of the medicinal product  Esmya 5 mg tablets 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition  Each tablet contains 5 mg of ulipristal acetate. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. Pharmaceutical form  Tablet. White to off-white, round biconvex tablet of 7 mm engraved with “ES5” on one face. 4. Clinical particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indications  Ulipristal acetate is indicated for pre-operative treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids in adult women of reproductive age. 4.2 Posology and method of administration  Posology The treatment consists of one tablet of 5 mg to be taken orally once daily for up to 3 months. This 3-month treatment course can be repeated once. Re-treatment should start at the earliest during the second menstruation following the first treatment course completion. Treatments should always be started during the first week of menstruation. Due to the lack of long term safety data, the duration of treatment should not exceed two treatment courses of 3 months. If a patient misses a dose, the patient should take ulipristal acetate as soon as possible. If the dose was missed by more than 12 hours, the patient should not take the missed dose and simply resume the usual dosing schedule. Special population Renal impairment No dose adjustment is recommended in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. In the absence of specific studies, ulipristal acetate is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment unless the patient is closely monitored (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). Hepatic impairment No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment. In the absence of specific studies, ulipristal acetate is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment unless the patient is closely monitored (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). Paediatric population There is no relevant use of ulipristal acetate in the paediatric population. The safety and efficacy of ulipristal acetate was only established in women of 18 years and older. Method of administration Tablets may be taken with or without food. 4.3 Contraindications  Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Genital bleeding of unknown aetiology or for reasons other than uterine fibroids. Uterine, cervical, ovarian or breast cancer. 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use  Ulipristal acetate should only be prescribed after careful diagnosis. Pregnancy should be precluded prior to treatment. Contraception Concomitant use of progestagen-only pills, a progestagen-releasing intrauterine device or combined oral contraceptive pills is not recommended (see sections 4.5). Although a majority of women taking a therapeutic dose of ulipristal acetate have anovulation, a non hormonal contraceptive method is recommended during treatment. Renal impairment Renal impairment is not expected to significantly alter the elimination of ulipristal acetate. In the absence of specific studies, ulipristal acetate is not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment unless the patient is closely monitored (see section 4.2). Hepatic impairment There is no therapeutic experience with ulipristal acetate in patients with hepatic impairment. Hepatic impairment is expected to alter the elimination of ulipristal acetate, resulting in increased exposure (see section 5.2). This is considered not to be clinically relevant for patients with mildly impaired liver function. Ulipristal acetate is not recommended for use in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairement unless the patient is closely monitored (see section 4.2). Concomitant treatments Co-administration of moderate (e.g. erythromycin, grapefruit juice, verapamil) or potent (e.g. ketoconazole, ritonavir, nefazodone, itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin) CYP3A4 inhibitors and ulipristal acetate is not recommended (see section 4.5). Concomitant use of ulipristal acetate and potent CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. rifampicin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, St John´s wort, efavirenz, nevirapine, long term use of ritonavir) is not recommended (see section 4.5). Asthma patients Use in women with severe asthma insufficiently controlled by oral glucocorticoids is not recommended. Endometrial changes Ulipristal acetate has a specific pharmacodynamic action on the endometrium. Increase in thickness of the endometrium may occur. If the endometrial thickening persists beyond 3 months following the end of treatment and return of menstruations, this may need to be investigated as per usual clinical practice to exclude underlying conditions. Changes in the histology of the endometrium may be observed in patients treated with ulipristal acetate. These changes are reversible after treatment cessation. These histological changes are denoted as “Progesterone Receptor Modulator Associated Endometrial Changes” (PAEC) and should not be mistaken for endometrial hyperplasia (see sections 4.8 and 5.1). Only two treatment courses are recommended. The two treatment courses should each not exceed 3 months as the risk of adverse impact on the endometrium is unknown if treatment is continued. Bleeding pattern Patients should be informed that treatment with ulipristal acetate usually leads to a significant reduction in menstrual blood loss or amenorrhea within the first 10 days of treatment. Should the excessive bleeding persist, patients should notify their physician. Menstrual periods will generally return within 4 weeks after the end of the treatment course. 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction  Potential for other medicinal products to affect ulipristal acetate: Hormonal contraceptives Ulipristal acetate has a steroid structure and acts as a selective progesterone receptor modulator with predominantly inhibitory effects on the progesterone receptor. Thus hormonal contraceptives and progestagens are likely to reduce ulipristal acetate efficacy by competitive action on the progesterone receptor. Therefore concomitant administration of medicinal products containing progestagen is not recommended (see section 4.4 and 4.6). CYP3A4 inhibitors Following administration of the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin propionate (500 mg twice daily for 9 days) to healthy female volunteers, Cmax and AUC of ulipristal acetate increased 1.2 and 2.9 fold, respectively; the AUC of the active metabolite of ulipristal acetate increased 1.5 fold while the Cmax of the active metabolite decreased (0.52 fold change). Following administration of the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole (400 mg once daily for 7 days) to healthy female volunteers, Cmax and AUC of ulipristal acetate increased 2 and 5.9 fold, respectively; the AUC of the active metabolite of ulipristal acetate increased 2.4 fold while the Cmax of the active metabolite decreased (0.53 fold change). No dose adjustment is considered necessary for administration of ulipristal acetate to patients receiving concomitant mild CYP3A4 inhibitors. Co-administration of moderate or potent CYP3A4 inhibitors and ulipristal acetate is not recommended (see section 4.4). CYP3A4 inducers Administration of the potent CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin (300 mg twice daily for 9 days) to healthy female volunteers markedly decreased Cmax and AUC of ulipristal acetate and its active metabolite by 90 % or more and decreased ulipristal acetate half-life by 2.2-fold corresponding to an approximately 10-fold decrease of ulipristal acetate exposure. Concomitant use of ulipristal acetate and potent CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. rifampicin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, St John´s wort, efavirenz, nevirapine, long term use of ritonavir) is not recommended (see section 4.4). Medicinal products affecting gastric pH Administration of ulipristal acetate (10 mg tablet) together with the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole (20 mg daily for 6 days) resulted in approximately 65% lower mean Cmax, a delayed tmax (from a median of 0.75 hours to 1.0 hours) and 13% higher mean AUC. This effect of medicinal products that increase gastric pH is not expected to be of clinical relevance for daily administration of ulipristal acetate tablets. Potential for ulipristal acetate to affect other medicinal products: Hormonal contraceptives Ulipristal acetate may interfere with the action of hormonal contraceptive products (progestagen only, progestagen releasing devices or combined oral contraceptive pills) and progestagen administered for other reasons. Therefore concomitant administration of medicinal products containing progestagen is not recommended (see sections 4.4 and 4.6). Medicinal products containing progestagen should not be taken within 12 days after cessation of ulipristal acetate treatment. P-gp substrates In vitro data indicate that ulipristal acetate may be an inhibitor of P-gp at clinically relevant concentrations in the gastrointestinal wall during absorption. Simultaneous administration of ulipristal acetate and a P-gp substrate has not been studied and an interaction cannot be excluded. In vivo results show that ulipristal acetate (administered as a single 10 mg tablet) 1.5 hour before administration of the P-gP substrate fexofenadine (60 mg) has no clinically relevant effects on the pharmacokinetic of fexofenadine. It is therefore recommended that co-administration of ulipristal acetate and P-gp substrates (e.g. dabigatran etexilate, digoxin, fexofenadine) should be separated in time by at least 1.5 hours. 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation  Contraception in females Ulipristal acetate is likely to adversely interact with progestagen-only pills, progestagen-releasing devices or combined oral contraceptive pills, therefore, concomitant use is not recommended. Although a majority of women taking a therapeutic dose of ulipristal acetate have anovulation, a non hormonal contraceptive method is recommended during treatment (see sections 4.4 and 4.5). Pregnancy Ulipristal acetate is contraindicated during pregnancy (see section 4.3). There are no or limited amount of data from the use of ulipristal acetate in pregnant women. Although no teratogenic potential was observed, animal data are insufficient with regard to reproduction toxicity (see section 5.3). Breast-feeding Available toxicological data in animals have shown excretion of ulipristal acetate in milk (for details see section 5.3). Ulipristal acetate is excreted in human milk. The effect on newborn/infants has not been studied. A risk to the newborns/infants cannot be excluded. Ulipristal acetate is contraindicated during breast-feeding (see sections 4.3 and 5.2). Fertility A majority of women taking a therapeutic dose of ulipristal acetate have anovulation, however, the level of fertility while taking multiple doses of ulipristal acetate has not been studied. 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines  Ulipristal acetate may have minor influence on the ability to drive or use machines as mild dizziness has been observed after ulipristal acetate intake. 4.8 Undesirable effects  Summary of the safety profile The safety of ulipristal acetate has been evaluated in 602 women with uterine fibroids treated with 5 mg or 10 mg ulipristal acetate during Phase III studies. The most common finding in clinical trials was amenorrhea (80.8%), which is considered as a desirable outcome for the patients (see section 4.4). The most frequent adverse reaction was hot flush. The vast majority of adverse reactions were mild and moderate (93.6%), did not lead to discontinuation of the medicinal product (99.5%) and resolved spontaneously. The safety of two intermittent treatment courses (each limited to 3 months) has been evaluated in 131 women with uterine fibroids treated with 10 mg ulipristal acetate in a phase III study and demonstrated a similar safety profile to that observed for one treatment course. Tabulated list of adverse reactions Based on pooled data from three phase III studies in patients with uterine fibroids treated for 3 months, the following adverse reactions have been reported. Adverse reactions listed below are classified according to frequency and system organ class. Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Frequencies are defined as very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000) and not known (cannot be estimated from available data). System Organ Class Adverse reactions Very common Common Uncommon Psychiatric disorders     Anxiety Emotional disorder Nervous system disorders   Headache* Dizziness Ear and labyrinth disorders   Vertigo   Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders     Epistaxis Gastrointestinal disorders   Abdominal pain Nausea Dyspepsia Dry mouth Flatulence Constipation Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders   Acne Hyperhidrosis Alopecia** Dry skin Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders   Musculoskeletal pain Back pain Renal and urinary disorders     Urinary incontinence Reproductive system and breast disorders Amenorrhea Endometrial thickening* Uterine haemorrhage* Hot flush* Pelvic pain Ovarian cyst* Breast tenderness/pain Metrorrhagia Ovarian cyst ruptured Genital discharge Breast swelling Breast discomfort General disorders and administration site conditions   Oedema Fatigue Asthenia Investigations   Blood cholesterol increased Blood triglycerides increased Weight increased * see section "Description of selected adverse reactions" ** The verbatim term “mild hair loss” was coded to the term “alopecia” Description of selected adverse reactions Endometrial thickening In 10-15% of patients, thickening of the endometrium (> 16 mm by ultrasound or MRI at end of treatment) was observed with ulipristal acetate; this reverses when treatment is stopped and menstrual periods resume. In addition, reversible changes to the endometrium are denoted PAEC and are different from endometrial hyperplasia. If hysterectomy or endometrial biopsy specimens are sent for histology, then the pathologist should be informed that the patient has taken ulipristal acetate (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Hot flush Hot flushes were reported by 9.8% patients but the rates varied across trials. In the active comparator controlled study the rates were 24% (10.5% moderate or severe) for ulipristal acetate and 60.4% (39.6% moderate or severe) for leuprorelin-treated patients. In the placebo-controlled study, the rate of hot flushes was 1.0% for ulipristal acetate and 0% for placebo. In the open-label phase III clinical trial, the frequency was 4.3% for ulipristal acetate. Headache Mild or moderate severity headache was reported in 6.8% of patients. Ovarian cyst Functional ovarian cysts were observed during and after treatment in 1.2% of patients and in most of the cases spontaneously disappeared within a few weeks. Uterine haemorrhage Patients with heavy menstrual bleeding due to uterine fibroids are at risk of excessive bleeding, which may require surgical intervention. A few cases have been reported during ulipristal acetate treatment or within 2-3 months after ulipristal acetate treatment was stopped. Reporting of suspected adverse reactions Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme (www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard) 4.9 Overdose  Experience with ulipristal acetate overdose is limited. Single doses up to 200 mg and daily doses of 50 mg for 10 consecutive days were administered to a limited number of subjects, and no severe or serious adverse reactions were reported. 5. Pharmacological properties 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties  Pharmacotherapeutic group: Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system, progesterone receptor modulators. ATC code: G03XB02. Ulipristal acetate is an orally-active synthetic selective progesterone receptor modulator characterised by a tissue-specific partial progesterone antagonist effect. Endometrium Ulipristal acetate exerts a direct effect on the endometrium. When daily administration of a 5 mg dose is commenced during a menstrual cycle most subjects (including patients with myoma) will complete their first menstruation but will not menstruate again until after treatment is stopped. When ulipristal acetate treatment is stopped, menstrual cycles generally resume within 4 weeks. The direct action on the endometrium results in class-specific changes in histology termed PAEC. Typically, the histological appearance is an inactive and weakly proliferating epithelium associated with asymmetry of stromal and epithelial growth resulting in prominent cystically dilated glands with admixed oestrogen (mitotic) and progestin (secretory) epithelial effects. Such a pattern has been observed in approximately 60% of patients treated with ulipristal acetate for 3 months. These changes are reversible after treatment cessation. These changes should not be confused with endometrial hyperplasia. About 5% of patients of reproductive age experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding have an endometrial thickness of greater than 16 mm. In about 10-15% of patients treated with ulipristal acetate the endometrium may thicken (> 16 mm) during treatment. This thickening disappears after treatment is withdrawn and menstruation occurs. If endometrial thickness persists beyond the 3 months following the end of treatment and return of menstruations then this may need to be investigated as per usual clinical practice to exclude underlying conditions. Fibroids Ulipristal acetate exerts a direct action on fibroids reducing their size through inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Pituitary A daily dose of ulipristal acetate 5 mg inhibits ovulation in the majority of patients as indicated by progesterone levels maintained at around 0.3 ng/ml. A daily dose of ulipristal acetate 5 mg partially suppresses FSH levels but serum oestradiol levels are maintained in the mid-follicular range in the majority of patients and are similar to levels in patients who received placebo. Ulipristal acetate does not affect serum levels of TSH, ACTH or prolactin during 3 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy and safety The efficacy of fixed doses of ulipristal acetate 5 mg and 10 mg once daily was evaluated in two Phase 3 randomised, double-blind, 13 week studies recruiting patients with very heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Study 1 was double-blind placebo controlled. Patients in this study were required to be anaemic at Study entry (Hb < 10.2 g/dl) and all patients were to receive oral iron 80 mg Fe++ in addition to study drug. Study 2 contained the active comparator, leuprorelin 3.75 mg given once per month by intramuscular injection. In Study 2, a double-dummy method was used to maintain the blind. In both studies menstrual blood loss was assessed using the Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart (PBAC). A PBAC >100 within the first 8 days of menses is considered to represent excessive menstrual blood loss. In study 1, a statistically significant difference was observed in reduction in menstrual blood loss in favour of the patients treated with ulipristal acetate compared to placebo (see Table 1 below), resulting in faster and more efficient correction of anaemia than iron alone. Likewise, patients treated with ulipristal acetate had a greater reduction in myoma size, as assessed by MRI. In study 2, the reduction in menstrual blood loss was comparable for the patients treated with ulipristal acetate and the gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist (leuprorelin). Most patients treated with ulipristal acetate stopped bleeding within the first week of treatment (amenorrhea). The size of the three largest myomas was assessed by ultrasound at the end of treatment (Week 13) and for another 25 weeks without treatment in patients who did not have hysterectomy or myomectomy performed. Myoma size reduction was generally maintained during this follow-up period in patients originally treated with ulipristal acetate but some re-growth occurred in patients treated with leuprorelin. Table 1: Results of primary and selected secondary efficacy assessments in Phase III studies Parameter Study 1 Study 2 Placebo   N = 48 Ulipristal acetate 5 mg/day N = 95 Ulipristal acetate 10 mg/day N = 94 Leuprorelin 3.75 mg/ month N = 93 Ulipristal acetate 5 mg/day N = 93 Ulipristal acetate 10 mg/day N = 95 Menstrual bleeding Median PBAC at baseline  Median change at week 13   376 -59   386 -329   330 -326   297 -274   286 -268   271 -268 Patients in amenorrhea at week 13 3 (6.3%) 69 (73.4%)1 76 (81.7%)2 74 (80.4%) 70 (75.3%) 85 (89.5%) Patients whose menstrual bleeding became normal (PBAC < 75) at week 13 9 (18.8%) 86 (91.5%)1 86 (92.5%)1 82 (89.1%) 84 (90.3%) 93 (97.9%) Median change in myoma volume from baseline to week 13a +3.0% -21.2%3 -12.3%4 -53.5% -35.6% -42.1% a In Study 1, change from baseline in total myoma volume was measured by MRI. In Study 2, change in the volume of the three largest myomas was measured by ultrasound. Bold values in shaded squares indicate that there was a significant difference in the comparisons between ulipristal acetate and the control. These were always in favour of ulipristal acetate. P values: 1 = <0.001, 2 = 0.037, 3= <0.002, 4 = <0.006. In a phase III study in 131 women with uterine fibroids receiving two intermittent 3-month treatment courses of ulipristal acetate 10 mg, amenorrhea was achieved at the end of the first treatment course in 79.5% of subjects. The second treatment course provided comparable results (88.5% of subjects). Myoma volume reduction (mean [median] change from screening) observed during the first treatment course (-41.9% [-49.9%]) was maintained during the second one (-43.7% [-63.2%]). In view of studies 1 and 2 results, it is expected that similarly to the 10 mg dose the efficacy of the 5 mg dose in the first treatment course will be maintained in the second treatment course. Although the number of patients that completed the four treatment courses of 3 months is limited, i.e. 99 patients, the safety data are sufficient to support one additional 3-month treatment course in a pre-operative setting. The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with Esmya in all subsets of the paediatric population in leiomyoma of uterus (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use). 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties  Absorption Following oral administration of a single dose of 5 or 10 mg, ulipristal acetate is rapidly absorbed, with a Cmax of 23.5 ± 14.2 ng/ml and 50.0 ± 34.4 ng/ml occurring approximately 1 h after ingestion, and with an AUC0-∞ of 61.3 ± 31.7 ng/ml 134.0 ± 83.8 ng.h/ml, respectively. Ulipristal acetate is rapidly transformed into a pharmacologically active metabolite with a Cmax of 9.0 ± 4.4 ng/ml and 20.6 ± 10.9 ng/ml also occurring approximately 1 h after ingestion, and with an AUC0-∞ of 26.0 ± 12.0 ng/ml and 63.6 ± 30.1 ng.h/ml respectively. Administration of ulipristal acetate (30 mg tablet) together with a high-fat breakfast resulted in approximately 45% lower mean Cmax, a delayed tmax (from a median of 0.75 hours to 3 hours) and 25% higher mean AUC0-∞ compared with administration in the fasted state. Similar results were obtained for the active mono-N-demethylated metabolite. This kinetic effect of food is not expected to be of clinical relevance for daily administration of ulipristal acetate tablets. Distribution Ulipristal acetate is highly bound (>98%) to plasma proteins, including albumin, alpha-l-acid glycoprotein, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Ulipristal acetate and its active mono-N-demethylated metabolite are excreted in breast milk with a mean AUCt milk/plasma ratio of 0.74 ± 0.32 for ulipristal acetate. Biotransformation/Elimination Ulipristal acetate is readily converted to its mono-N-demethylated and subsequently to its di-N-demethylated metabolites. In vitro data indicate that this is predominantly mediated by the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform (CYP3A4). The main route of elimination is through faeces and less than 10% is excreted in the urine. The terminal half-life of ulipristal acetate in plasma following a single dose of 5 or 10 mg is estimated to be about 38 hours, with a mean oral clearance (CL/F) of about 100 l/h. In vitro data indicate that ulipristal acetate and its active metabolite do not inhibit CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4, or induce CYP1A2 at clinically relevant concentrations. Thus administration of ulipristal acetate is unlikely to alter the clearance of medicinal products that are metabolised by these enzymes. In vitro data indicate that ulipristal acetate and its active metabolite are not P-gp (ABCB1) substrates. Special populations No pharmacokinetic studies with ulipristal acetate have been performed in women with impaired renal or hepatic function. Due to the CYP-mediated metabolism, hepatic impairment is expected to alter the elimination of ulipristal acetate, resulting in increased exposure (see sections 4.2 and 4.4). 5.3 Preclinical safety data  Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity. Most findings in general toxicity studies were related to its action on progesterone receptors (and at higher concentrations on glucocorticoid receptors), with antiprogesterone activity observed at exposures similar to therapeutic levels. In a 39 week study in cynomolgus monkeys, histological changes resembling PAEC were noted at low doses. Due to its mechanism of action, ulipristal acetate has an embryolethal effect in rats, rabbits (at repeated doses above 1 mg/kg), guinea pigs and in monkeys. The safety for a human embryo is unknown. At doses which were low enough to maintain gestation in the animal species, no teratogenic potential was observed. Reproduction studies performed in rats at doses giving exposure in the same range as the human dose have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility due to ulipristal acetate in treated animals or the offspring of treated females. Carcinogenicity studies (in rats and mice) showed that ulipristal acetate is not carcinogenic. 6. Pharmaceutical particulars 6.1 List of excipients Microcrystalline cellulose Mannitol Croscarmellose sodium Talc Magnesium stearate 6.2 Incompatibilities  Not applicable. 6.3 Shelf life 3 years. 6.4 Special precautions for storage Keep the blisters in the outer carton in order to protect from light. 6.5 Nature and contents of container Alu-PVC/PE/PVDC blister. Pack of 28 and 84 tablets. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling No special requirements. 7. Marketing authorisation holder Gedeon Richter Plc. Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary 8. Marketing authorisation number(s) EU/1/12/750/001 EU/1/12/750/002 9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation Date of first authorisation: 23 February 2012 10. Date of revision of the text 18 December 2013 Detailed information on this product is available on the website of the European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu 醋酸乌利司他或成为子宫肌瘤术前新药 醋酸乌利司他(ulipristal acetate) 是一种选择性孕酮受体调节剂，是美国目前的新一代紧急避孕药Ella的活性化学成分。但2月2日出版的《新英格兰医学杂志》刊载的2项临床试验研究发现醋酸乌利司他对子宫肌瘤治疗效果优异。研究结果显示，在控制子宫肌瘤出血、减小肌瘤体积以及改善疼痛效果方面，醋酸乌利司疗效优于安慰剂，并可媲美亮丙瑞林。 临床试验——PEARLⅠ研究 PEARLⅠ研究是为了评价醋酸乌利司他缓解子宫平滑肌瘤症状疗效，研究纳入的242例重度月经过多及贫血的绝经前子宫肌瘤女性被随机分组，分别日服5mg、10mg乌利司他或安慰剂，疗程13周。 结果显示，5mg和10mg乌利司他组分别有91%和92%受试者月经过多症状得到控制，而安慰剂组仅为19%。此外，>75%的治疗组患者月经过多症状得到快速控制(<8 d)，而安慰剂组仅为6%。大多数治疗组患者在治疗4 周后出现闭经，而安慰剂组则少见。乌利司他5mg和10mg治疗组分别有半数和70%的患者在治疗10d内出现闭经。乌利司他治疗组血红蛋白和红细胞压积水平较安慰剂组提高明显，子宫肌瘤体积减少≥25%以及疼痛减轻的患者比例也显著高于安慰剂组。 治疗过程中，3组不良事件发生率无显著的组间差异。所有患者LDL和 HDL胆固醇水平略有变化，葡萄糖、雌激素、皮质激素或催乳素水平未见一致性改变，治疗组与安慰剂组在肝功能或子宫内膜厚度方面也未见差异。 治疗结束时，乌利司他5mg和10mg治疗组分别有62%和57%的患者子宫内膜活检呈非生理性改变，而安慰剂组仅为6%，但上述改变在6个月随访结束时消失。 PEARLⅠ研究证实，醋酸乌利司他短期治疗子宫肌瘤，在控制出血、减小肌瘤体积以及改善疼痛等方面明显效果优于安慰剂。 临床试验——PEARLⅡ研究 PEARLⅡ研究是用来观察乌利司他与亮丙瑞林用于子宫肌瘤患者术前治疗效果比较的非劣性试验，PEARLⅡ研究共纳入307例患者。患者分别日服5mg、10mg乌利司他(同PEARLⅠ研究)，或者使用亮丙瑞林为1剂/月，疗程均为13周。 结果显示，治疗结束后，5mg、10mg乌利司他组和亮丙瑞林组患者月经过多控制率分别为90%、98%和89%，表明2种剂量乌利司他均非劣于亮丙瑞林。与亮丙瑞林组相比，乌利司他组月经过多控制得更为快速，出现闭经也相对较快。5mg、10mg乌利司他组和亮丙瑞林组出现闭经的中位时间分别为7、5和21 d。 所有患者报告疼痛和生活质量改善程度相似，血红蛋白提高水平也均类似。5mg、10mg乌利司他组和亮丙瑞林组患者子宫体积减少明显，但后者更为显著(分别为20%、22%和47%)。 不过，雌激素降至绝经后水平的患者仅出现在亮丙瑞林组，与之相应，亮丙瑞林组中至重度潮热患者比例高于5和10mg乌利司他组(分别为40%、11%和10%)，其他不良事件未见显著组间差异。 治疗结束时，5mg和10mg治疗组分别有62%和57%的患者子宫内膜活检呈非生理性改变，但与PEARLⅠ研究一样，乌利司他诱导的子宫内膜改变在6个月随访结束时消失。乌利司他和亮丙瑞林均未引起任何有临床意义的皮质激素、促甲状腺素、催乳素或葡萄糖水平变化 。 PEARL Ⅱ 研究证实，乌利司他治疗子宫肌瘤疗效与亮丙瑞林相当，能快速患者患者临床症状，缩小肌瘤体积，是一种疗效最佳、安全顾虑最小的症状性子宫肌瘤间歇性治疗理想选择。