部分中文ROBINUL处方资料（仅供参考）
药品英文名
Glycopyrronium Bromide
药品别名
甘罗溴铵、甘罗溴胺、格隆溴胺、胃长宁、溴环扁吡酯、甲比戊痉平、Glycopyrrolate Bromide、Robinul
药物剂型
1.片剂：0.25mg，0.5mg，1mg，2mg；
2.胶囊：0.5mg；
3.注射剂：0.2mg(1ml)。
药理作用
本药是一种类似阿托品的季铵类抗胆碱能药物，具有较强的抑制胃液分泌作用及轻微的胃肠道解痉作用。本药可以调节胃肠蠕动，降低胃液分泌量和游离酸浓度以及抑制气管和支气管的过度分泌。
另外，本药还具有比阿托品更强的抗唾液分泌作用，且作用维持时间更长。此外，由于本药的季铵基团限制了它通过诸如血-脑脊液屏障这样的脂细胞膜，所以与中枢神经系统相关的不良反应发生极少。本药比等量的阿托品效力强5～6倍；其抗流涎作用较阿托品为佳，镇静作用较东莨菪碱轻；其加速心率、视力模糊，发热等不良反应较阿托品轻；延迟性瞳孔散大在阿托品全身用药时较为显著，但本药仅会引起很小的变化；本药与新斯的明合用纠正竞争性肌肉松弛药过量，与阿托品合用新斯的明相比，心动过速出现较少，止涎作用较佳。
药动学
本药口服给药生物利用度低，仅10%～25%吸收。肌注后10min达最大血药浓度，迷走阻滞作用持续2～3h，抑制腺体分泌作用可持续约7h；儿童口服后90min达最大血药浓度。本药不易透过血-脑脊液屏障，在脑脊液和胎盘中浓度低。本药48.5%经肾排泄，少量以原形经胆汁排泄，是否排泄入乳汁尚不清楚。静脉注射后1min内即可起效。
适应证
1.用于胃肠痉挛，胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡、慢性胃炎、胃液分泌过多等。
2.静注或肌注可用于麻醉前给药以抑制腺体分泌。
3.用于减少抗神经肌肉阻滞剂引起的不良反应。
4.治疗多汗症和支气管痉挛。
 
禁忌证
1.幽门梗阻。
2.青光眼。
3.前列腺肥大。
4.对本药及其他抗胆碱能药物过敏者。
5.重症肌无力。
6.麻痹性肠梗阻或肠弛缓。
7.反流性食管炎。
8.溃疡性结肠炎或中毒性巨结肠症。
9.急性出血导致的心血管状态不稳定。
10.梗阻性尿路病变。
注意事项
1.慎用：
(1)自主神经功能障碍；
(2)充血性心力衰竭；
(3)冠心病；
(4)高血压；
(5)甲状腺功能亢进；
(6)回肠造口术或结肠造瘘术；
(7)心动过速；
(8)轻度肝、肾疾病；
(9)儿童和老年患者。
2.药物对妊娠的影响：
(1)本药0.004mg/kg的剂量可加快孕妇的心率，但对胎儿的心率无影响。且孕妇的血压和子宫收缩无明显改变。分娩时需用抗胆碱药治疗时，适用本药；
(2)已有研究表明，与未孕妇女相比，本药对孕妇(妊娠头三个月)的胃排空影响更大。
3.药物对哺乳的影响：本药可能引起泌乳的减少。
4.用药前后及用药时应当检查或监测：
(1)注意监测胃内容物量和pH值；
(2)用药过程中应监测心电图以预防心律失常的发生；
(3)观察胃肠疼痛或其他消化性溃疡症状的缓解；
(4)观察唾液、气管、支气管及咽部的分泌减少的情况；
(5)观察本药不良反应出现的情况。
(6)警惕过敏反应的出现。
5.用药期间应避免驾驶或从事具有潜在危险的工作。
6.本药不能与碱性药物混合。
不良反应
1.心血管系统：可引起心律失常。
2.中枢神经系统：可引起头痛、头晕、嗜睡、失眠、精神错乱。由于本药不能通过血-脑脊液屏障，故由其引起的中枢神经系统不良反应比其他抗胆碱能药少。
3.内分泌/代谢系统：本药可能引起泌乳的减少。
4.消化系统：
(1)本药的抗胆碱能特性可使食管下段括约肌松弛，降低食管下端压力，增加胃食管反流的可能性。其作用持续时间比阿托品长，且抗唾液分泌作用比阿托品更强，因此本药引起反流的可能性就更高；
(2)服药初期可出现口干(口苦)现象，在一到两周内可减轻或消失；
(3)本药还可能引起味觉丧失。
5.泌尿生殖系统：本药可能引起勃起功能障碍。
6.眼：国外有资料报道，本药大剂量会引起瞳孔放大，但还未发现本药常用剂量肌内注射或静脉注射会引起散瞳。此外，本药还可能引起睫状肌麻痹。
7.皮肤：本药可引起出汗减少，在环境温度高时可能导致发热和热衰竭。
此外本药还可引起荨麻疹。
8.骨骼/肌肉：本药可引起神经肌肉阻滞并导致肌无力或瘫痪。
9.致畸性/对妊娠的影响：美国食品和药品管理局的妊娠危险性分类为B级。
10.其他：本药可引起过敏反应。
用法用量
1.口服给药：每次1～2mg，每天3～4次，饭后及睡前服。维持量为每次1mg，每天2次。单次极量4mg，每天极量12mg。
2.肌内注射：用于麻醉前给药，肌注0.2～0.4mg。
3.静脉注射：用于麻醉前给药，静注0.2～0.4mg。
4.术前用药：为了抵消手术期间药物所致或迷走牵引反射伴随的心律失常(如心动过缓)可静脉注射0.1mg。
5.用于消化性溃疡：可口服1～2mg，每天2～3次。
药物相应作用
1.本药与普鲁卡因胺合用时，可对房室结传导产生相加的抗迷走神经效应，其机制可能为两者药理作用的相互叠加。
2.本药与西沙必利合用时，可减弱西沙必利的促胃肠动力作用。
3.本药与利托君合用时，可导致室上性心动过速。
4.本药与环丙烷同时应用于麻醉治疗时可引起室性心律失常。
5.用药期间饮酒可使患者注意力下降。
专家点评
本品为抗胆碱药。临床很少用药。能选择性作用胃肠道，有较强抑制胃液分泌作用。用于溃疡病、胃炎、胃酸过多症等。本品为季铵抗毒蕈碱药。其周围作用类似阿托品。但本品抑制腺体分泌作用较强，临床多用于麻醉前给药，亦可作为消化性溃疡和缓解内脏痉挛的辅助药。
Robinul
Generic Name: glycopyrrolate (glye koe PIE roe late)
Brand Names: Robinul, Robinul Forte
What is Robinul (glycopyrrolate)?
Glycopyrrolate reduces the secretions of certain organs in the body.
Glycopyrrolate helps to control conditions such as peptic ulcers that involve excessive stomach acid production.
The injectable form of glycopyrrolate is also used to reduce saliva, nasal, lung, and stomach secretions and to help control heart rate during surgery.
Glycopyrrolate may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
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What is the most important information I should know about Robinul(glycopyrrolate)?
Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities.
Glycopyrrolate may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision.
If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking glycopyrrolate.
Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Glycopyrrolate increases the risk of heat stroke because it causes decreased sweating.
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Who should not take Robinul (glycopyrrolate)?
Do not take glycopyrrolate if you have kidney disease;
a blockage of your urinary tract (difficulty urinating);
a blockage in your intestines, severe ulcerative colitis, or ulcerative colitis complicated by toxic megacolon;
glaucoma; or
myasthenia gravis.
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you havenumbness or tingling in your hands or feet;
liver disease;
ulcerative colitis;
thyroid problems;
high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or any type of heart
disease;
hiatal hernia or reflux disease;
enlargement of the prostate; or
asthma, chronic lung disease, or allergies.
You may not be able to take glycopyrrolate, or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.
It is not known whether glycopyrrolate will harm an unborn baby. Do not take glycopyrrolate without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether glycopyrrolate passes into breast milk. Do not take glycopyrrolate without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
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How should I take Robinul (glycopyrrolate)?
Take glycopyrrolate exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
Take each dose with a full glass of water.
Glycopyrrolate is usually taken two or three times a day. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Store glycopyrrolate at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
See also: Robinul dosage in more detail
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What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.
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What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention.
Symptoms of a glycopyrrolate overdose include headache; nausea;
vomiting; dry mouth; difficulty swallowing; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; drowsiness; confusion; anxiety;
seizures; weak pulse; and an irregular heartbeat.
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What should I avoid while taking Robinul (glycopyrrolate)?
Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities.
Glycopyrrolate may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision.
If you experience dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision, avoid these activities. Use alcohol cautiously. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking glycopyrrolate.
Avoid becoming overheated in hot weather. Glycopyrrolate increases the risk of heat stroke because it causes decreased sweating.
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Robinul (glycopyrrolate) side effects
If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking glycopyrrolate and seek emergency medical attention:
an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat;
swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
an irregular or fast heart rate;
rash or flushing; or
eye pain.
Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur.
Continue to take glycopyrrolate and talk to your doctor if you experience
headache, dizziness, or lightheadedness;
weakness or nervousness;
blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright
light;
nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
changes in taste;
difficulty urinating;
decreased sweating; or
nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.
Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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What other drugs will affect Robinul (glycopyrrolate)?
Many other drugs may increase the side effects of glycopyrrolate.
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:
amantadine (Symmetrel);
quinidine (Quinaglute, Cardioquin, Quinora, Quinidex);
antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, many others), brompheniramine (Dimetapp, Bromphen, many others), triprolidine (Actifed, others), and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, others), which are found in many over-the-counter and prescription cough, cold, and allergy medications;
decongestants and appetite suppressants such as phenylpropanolamine (Dexatrim, others), phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, others), and pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, others), which are also found in many over-the-counter and prescription products;
phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and prochlorperazine (Compazine);
other commonly used phenothiazines, including fluphenazine (Prolixin), mesoridazine (Serentil), perphenazine (Trilafon), thioridazine (Mellaril), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), and promazine (Sparine);
tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), doxepin (Sinequan), and nortriptyline (Pamelor); or other commonly used tricyclic antidepressants, including amoxapine (Asendin), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin),
imipramine (Tofranil), protriptyline (Vivactil), and trimipramine (Surmontil).
Glycopyrrolate may increase the level of digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) in your blood. Tell your doctor if you are taking digoxin so that your digoxin levels can be monitored and changes in your dosage can be made if necessary.
Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with glycopyrrolate. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
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Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist has more information about glycopyrrolate written for health professionals that you may read.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided
by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive.
Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise.
Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy.
Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed
healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that
the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
附件：

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注：以下产品不同规格和不同价格，购买以咨询为准！
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
ROBINUL 0.2mg/20ml vial 0.2mg/20ml 25 vial/box
原产地英文药品名:
GLYCOPYRROLATE
中文参考商品译名:
胃长宁 0.2毫克/20毫升 25瓶/盒
中文参考药品译名:
格隆溴铵
生产厂家中文参考译名:
Baxter Healthcare
生产厂家英文名:
Baxter Healthcare
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
ROBINUL 0.2mg/ml vial 0.2mgx25 vial/box
原产地英文药品名:
GLYCOPYRROLATE
中文参考商品译名:
胃长宁 0.2毫克/毫升 25瓶/盒
中文参考药品译名:
格隆溴铵
生产厂家中文参考译名:
Baxter Healthcare
生产厂家英文名:
Baxter Healthcare
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产地国家: 美国
原产地英文商品名:
ROBINUL 4mg/20ml vial 25 vial/box
原产地英文药品名:
GLYCOPYRROLATE
中文参考商品译名:
胃长宁 4毫克/20毫升 25瓶/盒
中文参考药品译名:
格隆溴铵
生产厂家中文参考译名:
Baxter Healthcare
生产厂家英文名:
Baxter Healthcare
该药品相关信息网址1:
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/robinul.html
该药品相关信息网址2:
http://www.drugs.com/pro/robinul.html
该药品相关信息网址3:
http://www.rxlist.com/robinul-drug.htm