一项多中心研究显示,一个用来治疗前列腺癌的新药物显示了早期的希望,特别是对抗发生骨转移的肿瘤。 这个叫做Cabozantinib的药物设计主要以与前列腺癌增长与扩散有关的两个重要途径为作用靶点,该药物对已扩散到骨的肿瘤影响最大。 美国Michigan大学综合癌症中心临床研究副主任、内科和泌尿科教授、该研究的主要作者Maha Hussain博士说:“不仅有四分之三的骨骼扫描显示肿瘤部分或完全消退,而且还伴随着骨痛的改善和对麻醉剂需要的减少。” Hussain的研究成果公布在美国临床肿瘤学会的年会上。 这项临床试验纳入了171例转移性前列腺癌患者。有超过四分之三的受试者已发生骨转移。 研究人员发现,76%的患者在接受Cabozantinib治疗后,在骨骼扫描时看到他们的肿瘤部分或全部萎缩。此外,在使用麻醉剂对抗骨疼痛的患者中,67%的患者疼痛减轻,56%的患者或停止使用麻醉剂或减少了用量。此外,超过三分之二的患者已在骨外转移的区域内出现了肿瘤的退行。治疗效果平均持续了29周。 研究发现了Cabozantinib引起中度的副作用,包括疲劳,胃肠道症状和高血压。 “这个药物有趣的是它带来的是我们以前没有见过的。在骨扫描中这种疾病引人瞩目的改善是前所未有的。尽管有可衡量的进展,但目前晚期前列腺癌的治疗方案往往效果不大,所以应优先考虑增加和改善这些治疗方案。”Hussain说。 Hussain警告说,这是非常早期的数据,但它为进行更进一步研究打开了大门。制造商Exelixis已经开展了一项随机临床试验,这些试验目前正在Michigan大学综合癌症中心和其他地区开展。 Michigan大学研究人员还在计划一项临床试验,即对未进行过化学药物治疗的转移性前列腺癌患者给予此药治疗。在Michigan大学的实验室研究会更好地了解Cabozantinib对于骨的影响。目前Cabozantinib尚未获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准。 Cabozantinib (XL184) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Results from a phase II randomized discontinuation trial.2011 ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract No: 4516
J Clin Oncol 29: 2011 (suppl; abstr 4516)
Background: Cabozantinib (Cabo) is an inhibitor of MET and VEGFR2. MET signaling promotes tumor growth, invasion and metastasis.
Methods: mCRPC patients (pts) with progressive measurable disease (mRECIST) received Cabo at 100 mg qd PO over a 12 week (wk) lead-in stage. Response was assessed q6 wks. Treatment ≥ wk 12 was based on response: pts with PR continued open-label Cabo, pts with SD were randomized to Cabo vs placebo, and pts with PD discontinued. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per mRECIST in the lead-in stage. Up to 200 pts could be enrolled to target 70 randomizations. Bone scans (b-scans) were independently reviewed.
Results: Accrual was halted at 168 pts based on an observed high rate of clinical activity. 100 pts are currently evaluable for the lead-in stage; median age 68, 47% with visceral disease, 78% with bone metastasis, and 47% docetaxel (D) pretreated. Median f/u was 4 months (range, 1-15); median PFS not yet reached. Most common related Grade 3/4 AEs were fatigue (11%), HTN (7%), and hand-foot syndrome (5%); no related Grade 5 AEs reported. Dose reductions for AEs occurred in 51% of pts, and discontinuations in 10%. Bone effects: 86% (56/65 pts evaluable by b-scan) had complete or partial resolution of lesions on b-scan as early as wk 6. Eight pts (12%) had SD and 1 pt (2%) had PD. In 28 pts receiving narcotics for bone pain, 64% had improved pain and 46% decreased or halted narcotics, per investigator. Median maximum rise in hemoglobin in anemic pts (Hb < 11 g/dL) was 2.2 g/dL (range, 0.6-3.5). Osteoclast and osteoblast effects were observed: 55% had declines of ≥50% in plasma C-Telopeptide; 56% of pts with elevated tALP had declines of ≥50%. Soft tissue effects: Objective tumor shrinkage occurred in 84% of pts. ORR at wk 12 was 5%; 3 additional PRs await confirmation. PSA changes were independent of clinical activity. Overall, wk 12 disease control rate (PR+SD) was 71%. Randomization was halted and pts unblinded due to high rates of b-scan resolution and pain relief.
Conclusions: Cabo showed clinical activity regardless of prior D in mCPRC pts, particularly in pts with bone disease, as reflected by high rates of b-scan resolution and pain relief, in addition to improvements in Hb and tumor.
Cabozantinib (XL184)治疗转移性去势治疗失败的前列腺癌的疗效:提前终止的II期随机对照临床试验结果报道背景:Cabozantinib (Cabo)是一种MET与VEGFR2的抑制剂。MET信号通路可促进肿瘤生长、浸润与转移。
方法:具有可测量病灶(mRECIST)的转移性去势治疗失败的前列腺癌患者在诱导期接受12周的口服Cabo治疗(100 mg qd)。每6周进行治疗疗效评价。12周之后的治疗方案按诱导期治疗疗效来定:获得PR的患者继续开放性的Cabo治疗,疗效SD的患者随机分配接受Cabo或安慰剂治疗,PD患者则终止治疗。主要的研究终点是每个可评价病灶在诱导期治疗获得的客观有效率(ORR)。最多入组200例患者以保证70例随机分配病例。对骨扫描结果进行独立评估。
结果:由于观察到Cabo的临床疗效非常好,研究入组168例患者后终止。目前可对100例患者的诱导期治疗疗效进行评价,这些可评价病例的特征如下:中位年龄68岁,内脏转移病例占47%,骨转移病例占78%,既往接受过多西紫杉醇治疗病例占47%。中位随访4个月(范围:1-15);中位无进展生存时间还没有达到。最常见的3/4级不良事件包括疲乏(11%)、高血压(7%)、手足综合征(5%)。无治疗相关5级不良事件发生。51%的患者由于不良事件减量治疗,10%患者由于不良事件终止治疗。骨病灶治疗疗效:86%(56/65)患者最早可于第6周的骨扫描时出现骨病变CR或PR疗效;12%(8/65)患者疗效SD;2%(1/65)患者PD。28例接受麻醉药止痛治疗的骨转移患者中,64%患者的骨痛明显减轻,46%患者在医生指导下减量使用或者停用麻醉药。贫血(Hb < 11 g/dL)患者的血红素最大增幅为2.2 g/dL (中位数,范围:0.6-3.5)。对破骨细胞与造骨细胞活性的影响:55%患者的血浆胶原C端肽(C-Telopeptide)下降≥50%;56% tALP升高患者的tALP值下降≥50%。软组织病灶治疗疗效:85%患者的肿瘤有缩小;第12周的的客观有效率(ORR)为5%;另有3例待确认的PR病例。对PSA水平的改变进行独立评估。总之,第12周的疾病控制率(PR+SD)达71%。由于骨扫描结果证实有效率高以及骨痛缓解明显,终止了对入组患者的随机分配,并进行了揭盲。
结论: Cabo治疗转移性去势治疗失败的前列腺癌有效,即使患者既往接受过多西紫杉醇治疗。Cabo治疗尤其对伴有骨转移病例有效,骨扫描评估可观察到较高的有效率,Cabo治疗还能有效缓解骨痛,并且可改善血红素水平以及缩小肿瘤。 |