Ixempra (ixabepilone)最新通过FDA批准用作一线药物治疗晚期乳腺癌
生产商:百时美施贵宝公司
法律分类:RX
类药物:埃博霉素微管抑制剂。
通用名:Ixabepilone 15mg/vial,45mg/vial; PWD;静脉滴注后的宪法和稀释;稀释剂含有酒精,蓖麻油polyoxyethylated。
适应症:转移性或局部晚期乳腺癌:在后一种蒽环类和紫杉类失败后一种蒽环类,紫杉类和卡培他滨单药治疗失败与卡培他滨的组合。
儿童
不推荐。
成人
与H1和H2受体阻滞剂1小时输液前预处理;和类固醇,如果以前的过敏反应发生。 40mg/m2通过静脉滴注超过3小时,每3周一次。使用2.2平方米最大体表面积(BSA)来计算,如果牛血清白蛋白>2.2平方米的剂量。中度肝功能障碍(作为单一疗法):最初每剂量20mg/m2,最大每剂量30mg/m2(见文献)。神经病,骨髓抑制,随之而来的CYP3A4抑制剂:减少剂量(见文献)。
禁忌
基线嗜中性粒细胞<1500cells/mm3或血小板<10万个/ mm3。 AST或ALT> 2.5xULN或胆红素> 1xULN(卡培他滨联合)。
注意事项
监测基线肝功能,并定期。肝功能不全(ALT或AST> 10xULN或胆红素> 3xULN:不推荐使用; ALT或AST> 5xULN:数据有限的情况下,谨慎使用)。糖尿病。神经病。心脏疾病(停止,如果发生心肌缺血或心功能不全)。监测病变,中性粒细胞减少。 (Cat.D)怀孕,哺乳期的母亲:不建议。
相互作用
Potentiated强CYP3A4抑制剂;避免(如唑类抗真菌药,蛋白酶抑制剂,某些大环内酯类抗生素,奈法唑酮,葡萄柚汁)。拮抗强CYP3A4诱导剂(如苯妥英钠,卡马西平,利福平,苯巴比妥)。避免圣约翰草。 不良反应
周边感觉神经病变,疲劳,乏力,肌痛,关节痛,脱发,胃肠不适,口腔炎,黏膜炎,肌肉骨骼疼痛,手掌足底erythrodysesthesia综合征,厌食,腹痛,指甲障碍;骨髓抑制(白细胞减少,白细胞减少,贫血,血小板减少);过敏反应;他人。
包装 KIT - 1小瓶(瓦特稀释剂)
包装规格:45毫克/瓶/套,15毫克/瓶/套
生产厂家:美国κB的时美施贵宝
新的乳腺癌化疗药物-伊沙匹隆注射剂Ixempra(ixabepilone)
近日表示美国FDA已批准了Ixempra(ixabepilone)用于治疗晚期乳腺癌,该药为14年来出现的又一种新类型药物中的首个药物。FDA批准ixa bepilone注射剂单独或与其它药物联用于已扩散的乳腺癌,该药能延长晚期乳腺癌患者生存时间。 Ixempra属于epothilones(埃坡霉素)类抗癌药,通过与在肿瘤细胞分裂中有作用的蛋白质细合而阻止肿瘤细胞的生长。 Ixempra(Ixabepilone,伊沙匹隆)是一种类似紫杉醇微管蛋白聚合和抑制微管解聚活性的埃坡霉素(epothilones)类抗肿瘤化疗新药,由施贵宝公司研发生产。2007年10月FDA批准Ixempra单药或与卡培他滨联用用于治疗蒽环类、紫杉烷衍生物和卡培他滨治疗无效的转移性或局部进展的晚期乳腺癌。
埃坡霉素(epothilones):是一类十六元环的大环内酯类药物,最早由Holfe和Reichenbach两人在1992年从粘细菌Sorangium cellulosum种中分离得到,Ixabepilone(BMS-247550)是半合成epothilone β内酰胺类似物,属于新一代抗有丝分裂药物,其作用机制与紫杉醇类药物(taxanes)类似,可与微管蛋白结合导致癌细胞无法顺利进行有丝分裂,进而使癌细胞产生凋亡,在抗肿瘤谱、抗肿瘤活性、安全性、水溶性及合成方法等方面均优于紫杉醇。 Ixempra是第一个埃博霉素类全新抗肿瘤药物,可与微管蛋白结合而导致癌细胞不能顺利进行有丝分裂,最终使肿瘤细胞凋亡。Ixempra具有全新的化学结构,与紫杉类具有不同的微管结合位点,因此具有更强的抗肿瘤活性。而且,Ixempra对肿瘤耐药机制易感性低。
1.Ixempra单药治疗 在Ixempra单药治疗蒽环类、紫杉类和卡培他滨耐药转移性乳腺癌的Ⅱ期临床试验中,乳腺癌患者静脉输注Ixempra 40mg/m23小时,每3周1个疗程,直至疾病进展(PD)。结果显示,在113例可评估患者中,ORR为11.5%,疾病稳定(SD)率为50.0%,中位无进展生存期(PFS)为3.1个月。在3~4级毒性反应中以中性粒细胞减少发生率最高(54%),其他还可见外周神经毒性、虚弱、肌痛、黏膜炎等。 2.Ixempra联合治疗 CA163046研究是一项随机Ⅲ期临床试验。该研究纳入了752例对蒽环类和紫杉类耐药的转移性或局部晚期乳腺癌患者。患者被随机分为联合治疗组(n=375)和单药治疗组(n=377),分别接受Ixempra(40mg/m2,静脉输注>3小时,d1,q3w)+卡倍他滨(每日2000mg/m2,分2次口服,d1~d14,q3w)或卡倍他滨单药治疗(每日2500mg/m2,分2次口服,d1~d14,q3w)。研究者对既往治疗耐药进行了严格定义:接受蒽环类和紫杉类辅助化疗或转移性疾病治疗后肿瘤快速进展的转移性乳腺癌。
该研究的主要终点为PFS[采用盲法独立放射影像学评估(IRR)];次要终点为ORR、至缓解时间、缓解持续时间和总生存期(OS)。
结果显示,两组患者年龄、KPS评分、既往接受过转移性疾病治疗方案、既往接受过的治疗等基线特征相似,具有可比性。此外,两组患者的病灶数、内脏转移情况、激素受体状态、Her-2状态等疾病和肿瘤特征也相似。基于IRR评估,两组ORR分别为35%和14%(P<0.0001),而联合和单药治疗组患者的中位PFS分别为5.8个月和4.2个月(HR:0.75,P=0.0003)。 亚组分析证实,相比卡培他滨单药治疗,Ixempra联合卡培他滨在各个治疗亚组均显示出PFS的益处。进一步亚组分析(55例)表明,Ixempra联合卡培他滨一线治疗耐药转移性乳腺癌较卡培他滨单药治疗显著改善了患者的PFS(7.0个月对2.1个月;HR:0.46,P=0.0109)。 联合治疗组发生3~4度血液学毒性的比例高于单药治疗组,主要包括白细胞减少(57%对6%)、中性粒细胞减少(68%对11%)、贫血(10%对4%)、血小板减少(8%对4%)和中性粒细胞减少伴发热(4%对<1%)。联合治疗组较单药治疗组多见的3~4度非血液学毒性包括外周神经病变(主要为感觉神经病变,属于累积毒性,可逆,恢复至基线状态或1度的中位时间为6周)、乏力、肌痛、黏膜炎、关节痛等,单药组腹泻发生率则多于联合治疗组。 研究证实,对于蒽环类和紫杉类耐药的转移性乳腺癌,Ixempra联合卡倍他滨的疗效优于卡倍他滨单药治疗:延长PFS(HR:0.75),提高ORR2.5倍(35%对14%),且各亚组患者均显示出生存获益。Ixempra联合卡培他滨治疗组的血液学毒性发生率较高,神经病变(微管稳定药物已知的毒性)属于累积毒性,可逆。Ixempra联合卡培他滨是蒽环类和紫杉类耐药转移性乳腺癌的有效治疗选择。
----------------------------------------------------- IXEMPRA is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer in patients whose tumors are resistant or refractory to anthracyclines, taxanes, and capecitabine. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
TOXICITY IN HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT
IXEMPRA (ixabepilone) in combination with capecitabine is contraindicated in patients with AST or ALT >2.5 x ULN or bilirubin >1 x ULN due to increased risk of toxicity and neutropenia-related death In combination with capecitabine, the overall frequency of grade 3/4 adverse reactions, febrile neutropenia, serious adverse reactions, and toxicity-related deaths was greater in patients with hepatic impairment Caution should be used when using IXEMPRA as monotherapy in patients with AST or ALT >5 x ULN. Use of IXEMPRA in patients with AST or ALT >10 x ULN or bilirubin >3 x ULN is not recommended With monotherapy, grade 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and serious adverse reactions were more frequent in patients with hepatic impairment CONTRAINDICATIONS
IXEMPRA is contraindicated in patients: with a known history of a severe (CTC grade 3/4) hypersensitivity reaction to agents containing Cremophor® EL or its derivatives such as polyoxyethylated castor oil who have a baseline neutrophil count <1500 cells/mm3 or a platelet count <100,000 cells/mm3 PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Peripheral neuropathy was common. Patients treated with IXEMPRA should be monitored for symptoms of neuropathy, such as burning sensation, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, discomfort, or neuropathic pain Neuropathy occurred early during treatment; ~75% of new onset or worsening neuropathy occurred during the first 3 cycles. Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy may require changes in the dose or discontinuation of IXEMPRA Neuropathy was the most frequent cause of treatment discontinuation due to drug toxicity. Caution should be used when treating patients with diabetes mellitus or existing moderate to severe neuropathy MYELOSUPPRESSION
Myelosuppression is dose-dependent and primarily manifested as neutropenia Patients should be monitored for myelosuppression; frequent peripheral blood cell counts are recommended for all patients receiving IXEMPRA Patients who experience severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia should have their dose reduced. Neutropenia-related deaths occurred in 1.9% of 414 patients with normal hepatic function or mild hepatic impairment treated with IXEMPRA in combination with capecitabine. Neutropenia-related death occurred in 0.4% of 240 patients with IXEMPRA as monotherapy HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
Premedicate with an H1 and an H2 antagonist approximately 1 hour before IXEMPRA infusion and observe for hypersensitivity reactions (eg, flushing, rash, dyspnea, and bronchospasm) In case of severe hypersensitivity reactions, infusion of IXEMPRA should be stopped and aggressive supportive treatment (eg, epinephrine, corticosteroids) started Patients who experience a hypersensitivity reaction in one cycle of IXEMPRA must be premedicated in subsequent cycles with a corticosteroid in addition to the H1 and H2 antagonists, and extension of the infusion time should be considered PREGNANCY
Women should be advised not to become pregnant when taking IXEMPRA. If this drug is used during pregnancy or the patient becomes pregnant, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus CARDIAC ADVERSE REACTIONS
Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of cardiac disease. Discontinuation of IXEMPRA should be considered in patients who develop cardiac ischemia or impaired cardiac function due to reports of cardiovascular adverse reactions (eg, myocardial ischemia, supraventricular arrhythmia, and ventricular dysfunction). The frequency of cardiac adverse reactions (myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction) was higher in the IXEMPRA in combination with capecitabine (1.9%) than in the capecitabine alone (0.3%) treatment group。 |