Composition
Cefadur-125 DT
Each dispersible uncoated tablet contains Cefadroxil IP equivalent to Cefadroxil (anhydrous) 125 mg in a flavoured base.
Cefadur-250 DT
Each dispersible uncoated tablet contains Cefadroxil IP equivalent to Cefadroxil (anhydrous) 250 mg in a flavoured base.
Cefadur Rediuse Drops
Each ml contains Cefadroxil IP equivalent to Cefadroxil (anhydrous) 100 mg.
Indications
Cefadur is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains of micro-organisms:
• Respiratory tract infections (including ear, nose and throat infections):
Caused by group A beta-haemolytic Streptococci. e.g. Acute Otitis Media
• Skin and skin structure infections:
Caused by Staphylococci (including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative and penicillinase producing strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Urinary tract infections:
Caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis and Klebsiella species.
• Dental – Caries teeth
Dosage And Administration
Cefadur can be administered without regard to meals
Adults and children (weighing more than 40 kg):
• Respiratory tract infections: 500 mg to 1g twice daily depending upon the severity of infection.
In skin and skin structure infections and urinary tract infections: 1 g daily in single or divided doses.
Children
• Respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections and urinary tract infections: The usual dose is 30-50 mg/kg of cefadroxil daily given in divided doses every 12 hours.
For beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections, the dose should be administered for at least 10 days.
Contraindications
• Known allergy to cephalosporin group of antibiotics, penicillin or other drugs.
Presentation
Cefadur-125 ..............................Strip of 10 Tablets
Cefadur-250 ..............................Strip of 10 Tablets
Cefadur Rediuse Drops ...................Bottle of 10 ml
Oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin is recommended in patients with persistent or paroxysmal AF (PAF) (intermittent AF) at high risk of stroke (i.e., having any of the following features: prior ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism, age >75 years, moderately or severely impaired left ventricular systolic function and/or congestive heart failure, history of hypertension, or diabetes mellitus). In patients with persistent AF or PAF, age 65 to 75 years, in the absence of other risk factors, but who are at intermediate risk of stroke, antithrombotic therapy with either oral warfarin or aspirin, 325 mg/day, is recommended. For patients with AF and mitral stenosis, anticoagulation with oral warfarin is recommended. For patients with AF and prosthetic heart valves, anticoagulation with oral warfarin should be used; the target INR may be increased and aspirin added depending on valve type and position, and on patient factors.
Post-myocardial infarction
In healthcare settings in which meticulous INR monitoring is standard and routinely accessible, for both high- and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction (MI), long-term (up to 4 years) high-intensity oral warfarin (target INR, 3.5; range, 3.0 to 4.0) without concomitant aspirin or moderate-intensity oral warfarin (target INR, 2.5; range, 2.0 to 3.0) with aspirin is recommended. For high-risk patients with MI, including those with a large anterior MI, those with significant heart failure, those with intracardiac thrombus visible on echocardiography, and those with a history of a thromboembolic event, therapy with combined moderate-intensity (INR, 2.0 to 3.0) oral warfarin plus low-dose aspirin ( < 100 mg/day) for 3 months after the MI is suggested.
Mechanical and Bioprosthetic heart valves
For all patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves, warfarin is recommended. For patients with a St. Jude Medical bileaflet valve in the aortic position, a target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0 to 3.0) is recommended. For patients with tilting disk valves and bileaflet mechanical valves in the mitral position, the 7th ACCP recommends a target INR of 3.0 (range, 2.5 to 3.5). For patients with caged ball or caged disk valves, a target INR of 3.0 (range, 2.5 to 3.5) in combination with aspirin, 75 to 100 mg/day is recommended. For patients with bioprosthetic valves, warfarin therapy with a target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0 to 3.0) is recommended for valves in the mitral position and is suggested for valves in the aortic position for the first 3 months after valve insertion.
Recurrent Systemic Embolism and Other Indications
Oral anticoagulation therapy has not been evaluated by properly designed clinical trials in patients with valvular disease associated with atrial fibrillation, patients with mitral stenosis, and patients with recurrent systemic embolism of unknown etiology. A moderate dose regimen (INR 2.0 to 3.0) is recommended for these patients.
An INR of greater than 4.0 appears to provide no additional therapeutic benefit in most patients and is associated with a higher risk of bleeding
Initial dosage
The dosing of warfarin must be individualized according to the patient`s sensitivity to the drug as indicated by the PT/INR. It is recommended that warfarin therapy be initiated with a dose of 2 to 5 mg per day with dosage adjustments based on the results of PT/INR determinations. Low initiation doses are recommended for elderly and/or debilitated patients and patients with potential to exhibit greater than expected PT/INR response to warfarin. Based on limited data, Asian patients may also require lower initiation and maintenance doses of warfarin.
Maintenance
Most patients are satisfactorily maintained at a dose of 2 to 10 mg daily. The individual dose and interval should be gauged by the patient`s prothrombin response.
Duration of therapy
The duration of therapy in each patient should be individualized. In general, anticoagulant therapy should be continued until the danger of thrombosis and embolism has passed.
Missed Dose
The anticoagulant effect of warfarin persists beyond 24 hours. If the patient forgets to take the prescribed dose of WARF at the scheduled time, the dose should be taken as soon as possible on the same day. The patient should not take the missed dose by doubling the daily dose to make up for missed doses, but should refer back to his or her physician.
Conversion from heparin therapy
Since the anticoagulant effect of warfarin is delayed, heparin is preferred initially for rapid anticoagulation. Conversion to warfarin may begin concomitantly with heparin therapy or may be delayed by 3 to 6 days. To ensure continuous anticoagulation, it is advisable to continue full-dose heparin therapy and that warfarin therapy be overlapped with heparin for 4 to 5 days, until warfarin has produced the desired therapeutic response as determined by PT/INR. Once this has been achieved, heparin may be discontinued.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Anticoagulation is contraindicated in any localized or general physical condition or personal circumstance in which the hazard of hemorrhage might be greater than the potential clinical benefits of anticoagulation such as:
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhagic tendencies or blood dyscrasias
• Recent or contemplated surgery of:
(1) central nervous system;
(2) eye;
(3) traumatic surgery resulting in large open surfaces
• Bleeding tendencies associated with active ulceration or overt bleeding of:
(1) gastrointestinal, genitourinary or respiratory tracts;
(2) cerebrovascular hemorrhage;
(3) aneurysms-cerebral, dissecting aorta;
(4) pericarditis and pericardial effusions;
(5) bacterial endocarditis
• Threatened abortion, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia
• Inadequate laboratory facilities
• Unsupervised patients with senility, alcoholism, or psychosis or other lack of patient co-operation
• Spinal puncture and other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures with potential for uncontrollable bleeding
• Miscellaneous: major regional and lumbar block anaesthesia, malignant hypertension and known hypersensitivity to warfarin or to any other component of this product.
PACKAGING INFORMATION
WARF-1 ..............Blister pack of 10 tablets
WARF-2 ..............Blister pack of 10 tablets
WARF-5 ..............Blister pack of 10 tablets
组成
cefadur-125 DT
每个分散的无涂层片剂含有头孢羟氨苄IP相当于头孢羟氨苄（无水）125毫克在香料基地。
cefadur-250 DT
每个分散的无涂层片剂含有头孢羟氨苄IP相当于头孢羟氨苄（无水）250毫克在香料基地。
cefadur Rediuse掉落
每毫升含有头孢羟氨苄头孢羟氨苄（无水）100毫克的IP。
主治
cefadur被用于治疗由微生物的敏感菌株引起的下列感染：
•呼吸道感染（包括耳，鼻，喉感染）：
造成一个β-溶血性链球菌组。例如急性中耳炎
•皮肤和皮肤结构感染：
葡萄球菌（包括凝固酶阳性，凝固酶阴性和产青霉素菌株），肺炎链球菌引起的。
•尿路感染：
由大肠杆菌，变形杆菌和克雷伯菌属引起。
•牙科 - 龋牙
剂量和给药方法
可以不吃饭方面管理cefadur
成人和儿童（体重超过40公斤）：
呼吸道感染：到1G 500毫克，每天两次根据感染的严重程度而定。
在皮肤和皮肤结构感染和尿路感染：在单次或分次服用1克每天。
孩子
•呼吸道感染，皮肤和皮肤结构感染和尿路感染：常用剂量为30-50毫克/公斤羟氨苄每日分次给药，每12小时。
对于β-溶血性链球菌感染，剂量应给予至少10天。
禁忌
•已知过敏的头孢类抗生素，青霉素或其他药物组。
介绍
cefadur-125 .............................. 10片地带
cefadur-250 .............................. 10片地带
cefadur Rediuse掉落...................一瓶10毫升
与华法林口服抗凝治疗建议患者与持续性或阵发性房颤（PAF）的（间歇性房颤）在中风的风险很高（即，具有以下特点：事先缺血性中风，短暂性脑缺血发作，或全身性栓塞，年龄> 75岁，中度或严重受损，左室收缩功能和/或充血性心脏衰竭，高血压病史，或糖尿病）。在持续性房颤或PAF的，年龄65岁至75岁，在没有其他风险因素，但谁是在中间的风险与口服华法林或阿司匹林，每天325毫克/中风，抗血栓治疗，患者的建议。 AF和二尖瓣狭窄的病人，口服华法林抗凝建议。对于AF和人工心脏瓣膜，口服华法林抗凝的患者应使用可能会增加INR目标值和阿司匹林取决于阀门的类型和位置，和对病人的因素。
心肌梗死后
在医疗设置细致的监测INR是心肌梗死（MI）后，高和低风险的患者，长期（长达4年）的标准，并定期访问，高强度的口服华法林（目标INR，3.5;范围内，没有伴随阿司匹林或中等强度的口服华法林（INR目标值2.5 3.0至4.0）;与阿司匹林的范围，2.0至3.0）。对于高危患者心肌梗死，包括那些大的前壁心梗，那些显着的心脏衰竭，腔内血栓的超声心动图可见，和那些与历史的血栓事件，联合中等强度治疗（INR为2.0 3.0），口服华法林，加上低剂量阿司匹林（<100毫克/天），3个月后的MI建议。
机械和生物心脏瓣膜
华法林与人工机械心脏瓣膜的所有患者，建议。对于圣裘德医学双叶瓣膜在主动脉的位置，目标INR为2.5（范围，2.0至3.0）的患者建议。对于患者倾斜盘阀和双叶机械瓣二尖瓣位置，第七届ACCP建议目标INR是3.0（范围，2.5至3.5）。对于笼球或磁盘阀笼，目标INR为3.0（范围2.5至3.5），与阿司匹林联合的患者中，75至100毫克/天。 bioprosthetic阀门，华法林治疗目标INR 2.5（范围，2.0至3.0）的患者，建议在二尖瓣位置的阀门和阀阀插入后的最初3个月的主动脉位置的建议。
经常性的全身性栓塞和其他标志
尚未评估口服抗凝治疗房颤，二尖瓣狭窄的病人，复发的病因不明的全身性栓塞患者的瓣膜病的患者，妥善设计的临床试验。建议对这些患者的一个中等剂量疗程（2.0至3.0卢比）。
INR大于4.0似乎没有提供额外的大多数患者的治疗效果，并具有较高的出血风险相关
初始剂量
华法林的剂量必须个体化，根据病人`药物的敏感性，PT / INR表示。建议warfarin治疗的基础上，PT / INR测定结果调整剂量2至5毫克，每天剂量开始。低起始剂量建议为老人和/或虚弱的患者和患者比预期的PT / INR华法林的反应表现出更大的潜力。基于有限的数据，亚洲患者可能还需要降低华法林的起始和维持剂量。
保养
大多数患者均获得圆满每天保持在2至10毫克的剂量。个人剂量和间隔应衡量病人的凝血酶原反应。
治疗的持续时间
在每个病人的治疗时间应个体化。在一般情况下，应继续抗凝治疗，直到血栓和栓塞的危险已经过去了。
错过的剂量，
华法林的抗凝作用，坚持24小时以上。如果患者忘记在预定的时间WARF规定的剂量，剂量应尽快在同一天。病人不应错过的剂量，每日剂量加倍弥补错过的剂量，但应该是指他或她的医生。
肝素治疗的转换
由于华法林的抗凝作用被延迟，肝素是首选最初的快速抗凝。华法林的转换可能与肝素治疗开始随之而来，或可能被推迟3至6天。为了确保持续的抗凝，最好是继续全面剂量肝素治疗和重叠的4至5天的肝素，华法林治疗，直到华法林已产生理想的治疗反应，PT / INR确定。一旦这个已经实现，肝素可能被终止。
禁忌
在任何局部或一般的身体状况或个人的情况下，出血的危险可能比潜在的临床应用抗凝治疗的好处，如更大的抗凝禁忌：
•怀孕
•出血倾向或血液dyscrasias的，
•近期或预期手术：
（1）中枢神经系统;
（2）眼;
（3）在大开放的表面造成的创伤外科
•出血与积极性溃疡或明显出血倾向：
（1）胃肠道，泌尿生殖道或呼吸道;
（2）脑出血;
（3）脑动脉瘤，夹层主动脉;
（4）心包炎和心包积液;
（5）细菌性心内膜炎
先兆流产，先兆子痫和先兆子痫
•实验室设施不足
•无监督患者，衰老，酗酒或精神病或其他病人缺乏合作
•脊椎穿刺和其他诊断或治疗程序可能无法控制的出血
•杂项：主要区域和腰椎阻滞麻醉，恶性高血压和已知过敏warfarin或本产品的任何其他组件。