部分诺和诺德中文处方信息（仅供参考）
英文药名: Norditropin Simplexx Injection
中文药名: 诺德欣注射液(诺和诺德)
通用名称：重组人生长激素注射液
成份：甘露醇，组氨酸，泊洛沙姆，苯酚和注射用水
性状：本品为无色澄明液体
适应症
儿童：
生长激素分泌不足所致的生长障碍。
性腺发育不全（特纳综合征）所致女孩的生长障碍。
慢性肾脏疾病引起的青春期前的儿童生长迟缓。
成人：
已确诊下丘脑－垂体疾病（除催乳素外其他一种轴系激素缺乏）患者，有明确的生长激素缺乏症表现，并经两种不同的生长激素刺激试验证实。生长激素刺激试验应在其他轴系功能低下得到合适替代治疗后方可进行。
对于从儿童时期起就患生长激素缺乏症的患者，成年后应经两种刺激试验重新确诊。
用法用量
本品是将重组人生长激素注射液笔芯（Norditropin® SimpleXx®）预先装入的一次性注射笔（NordiLet®注射笔）。本品应与诺和针®配套使用。本品注射的剂量用滴嗒数表示，每次注射的剂量范围是1－29个滴嗒数，每次注射时最小可调节剂量为1个滴嗒数。每1个滴嗒数相当于0.0667mg（5mg/1.5ml）。本说明书后附的换算表给出了每1个剂量范围所对应的滴嗒数。
剂量因人而异。一般推荐每天晚上进行皮下注射。应更换注射部位以防止脂肪萎缩。本品仅为处方药。
注射操作程序请见说明书后的NordiLet®注射笔使用说明。
在接触本品前要求患者用肥皂和水彻底洗手和/或消毒。无论何时，都不可剧烈振摇本品。
一般推荐剂量如下
儿童：
生长激素缺乏
25－35微克/公斤体重/天（0.07－0.1国际单位/公斤体重/天）
相当于0.7－1.0毫克/平方米体表面积/天（2－3国际单位/平方米体表面积/天）
慢性肾脏疾病或特纳综合征
50微克/公斤体重/天（0.14国际单位/公斤体重/天）
相当于：1.4毫克/平方米体表面积/天（4.3国际单位/平方米体表面积/天）
成人：
成人替代治疗
建议从低剂量0.15－0.3毫克/天（相当于0.45－0.9国际单位/天）开始治疗，以后以月为间隔逐步增加剂量，以达到患者个体化治疗剂量。血清胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-I）可做为进行剂量调整的指标。
剂量随年龄的增加而减少，维持剂量的个体差异很大，但很少超过1.0毫克/天（相当于3国际单位/天）。
不良反应
可出现体液潴留，导致周围组织水肿。特别在成人中可发生腕管综合征。这种症状通常是暂时性和剂量依赖性的。一旦发生这种症状，应该减少用药剂量。轻微的关节疼痛，肌肉疼痛，感觉异常可发生于成人，但常是自限性的。
儿童罕有不良反应发生。注射用重组人生长激素（Norditropin®）治疗儿童综合数据库中，包含治疗最长时间达8年的数据，据报道头痛的发生率是0.04/患者年。
在本品治疗期间，少见针对生长激素的抗体形成。
在使用本品治疗期间，有可能发生注射部位不良反应
有极少数病例发生了良性颅内高压的报道。
禁忌
有任何活动性恶性肿瘤的患者。
除非已证实处于非活动期，并且抗肿瘤治疗已经完成，颅内肿瘤患者方可使用本品。
怀孕和哺乳期妇女。
对本品中的任何成份过敏者。
患有慢性肾脏疾病的儿童在肾移植时应停止使用本品治疗。
注意事项
若本品中注射液非无色澄清液，请勿使用。如果首次注射前，排空气次数超过6次，请勿使用。
用本品治疗的儿童，必须由专家定期评价生长发育状况。决定使用本品的医生，必须对生长激素缺乏症、特纳综合征和慢性肾脏疾病的机理及其治疗具有专业的知识。
患慢性肾脏疾病的儿童，经积极合理治疗达1年以上，同时观察其生长发育状况，确诊为患有生长障碍后，才可使用本品进行治疗。尿毒症患者使用本品治疗期间应继续使用一般药物对尿毒症进行保守治疗。必要时，应继续进行透析治疗。
慢性肾脏疾病患者肾功能下降是其自然病程的一部分。然而，在使用本品治疗期间作为预防措施，应监测肾功能是否有大幅下降或肾小球滤过率的急剧增加（预示超滤过）。
生长激素可影响碳水化合物的代谢，所以要观察是否有葡萄糖耐量异常的迹象。
接受胰岛素治疗的患者在开始使用本品治疗后，可能需要调整胰岛素剂量。
在使用本品治疗期间，由于外周T4脱碘成T3的反应增加，血清甲状腺素（T4）水平可能降低。
患有进展性垂体疾病的患者，甲状腺机能减退症有可能恶化。
患有特纳综合征的患者，由于合并有抗甲状腺抗体，原发甲状腺机能低下恶化的危险增高。
由于甲状腺机能低下干扰本品的治疗效果，所以患者应定期测定甲状腺功能。如果需要，应接受甲状腺激素替代治疗。
继发于颅内损伤的生长激素缺乏的患者，应经常检查以了解原发疾病的进展和潜在疾病的复发情况。
生长激素缺乏的患者中，有少数几例白血病病例的报道，其中有几例还接受过生长激素治疗。根据最近获得的资料，生长激素不会导致白血病。肿瘤和恶性疾病患者完全缓解后，生长激素治疗不会加速生长疾病复发。然而，恶性疾病患者完全康复后，应用本品治疗时，应严密随访。
股骨头骨骺脱离常发生于内分泌紊乱的患者。幼年变形性骨软骨炎常发生于矮身材的患者。这些疾病可表现为进行性跛行及髋或膝关节痛。医生与父母应警惕这种可能性。
一旦出现严重或复发的头痛、视力障碍、恶心和/或呕吐，建议进行眼底检查以确定有无视乳头水肿。如果确诊为视乳头水肿，应考虑良性颅内高压。如果可能，终止生长激素的治疗。
目前尚无足够依据来指导临床上解决颅内高压的问题。如果重新开始生长激素治疗，小心监测颅内高压的症状是十分必要的。
成人生长激素缺乏症使用本品进行替代治疗时，应由对垂体疾病有特殊经验的内分泌医生严密检测。
成人生长激素缺乏症是终身疾病，因此需要终身治疗。然而， 60岁以上患者的用药经验及对成人生长激素缺乏症治疗达5年以上的用药经验依旧很少。
运动员慎用
对操纵机械及驾驶能力的影响 ：无影响。
用药须知: NordiLet注射笔使用说明 ：
简介
本品是一种将重组人生长激素注射液笔芯（Norditropin SimpleXx）预先装入的一次性注射笔（NordiLet 注射笔）。
孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药: 目前尚无足够证据证明怀孕期间用生长激素治疗的安全性，也不能排除生长激素由母乳中排泌的可能性。
老年用药: 成人生长激素缺乏症是终身疾病，因此需要终身治疗。然而， 60岁以上患者的用药经验及对成人生长激素缺乏症治疗达五年以上的用药经验依旧很少。
药物相互作用
糖皮质激素治疗可抑制生长，所以，同时使用糖皮质激素也会抑制重组人生长激素的促生长作用。生长激素对最终身高的作用还受到其他激素如：促性腺激素，合成代谢类固醇，雌激素和甲状腺激素等治疗的影响。
毒理研究
生长激素是有促进代谢和生长作用的内分泌激素。 本品的主要作用是刺激骨骼和躯体生长，并对机体的新陈代谢发挥重要影响。 当生长激素缺乏症被治疗后，机体组份趋于正常化，导致身体肌肉组织增加，脂肪组织.
药理作用
生长激素是有促进代谢和生长作用的内分泌激素。 本品的主要作用是刺激骨骼和躯体生长，并对机体的新陈代谢发挥重要影响。 当生长激素缺乏症被治疗后，机体组份趋于正常化，导致身体肌肉组织增加，脂肪组织减少。
贮藏
应将本品放在外包装中，于2℃-8℃冷藏。不可冷冻。本品在第一次使用后可在2℃-8℃保存四周；或者在25℃以下保存三周。
包装
1支/盒（一次性注射笔）。
本品是一种将重组人生长激素注射液笔芯（Norditropin® SimpleXx®）预先装入的一次性注射笔（NordiLet®注射笔）。NordiLet®注射笔内是I型无色玻璃笔芯（1.5ml），笔芯内预先充入重组人生长激素注射液。笔芯底部用活塞状的橡皮塞封住。顶部是盘状橡皮塞，用铝盖封住。
有效期
24个月
生产企业
诺和诺德德国制药有限公司
包装价格
5mg/1,5mlx1套
5mg/1,5mlx5套
10mg/1,5x5套

Norditropin SimpleXx 5mg/1.5mL, 10 mg/1.5mL, 15mg/1.5mL; Norditropin NordiFlex 5 mg/1.5mL, 10 mg/1.5mL, 15mg/1.5mL
1. Name of the medicinal product
Norditropin SimpleXx 5 mg/1.5 ml, solution for injection in cartridge
Norditropin SimpleXx 10 mg/1.5 ml, solution for injection in cartridge
Norditropin SimpleXx 15 mg/1.5 ml, solution for injection in cartridge
Norditropin NordiFlex 5 mg/1.5 ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen
Norditropin NordiFlex 10 mg/1.5 ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen
Norditropin NordiFlex 15 mg/1.5 ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen
2. Qualitative and quantitative composition
Norditropin SimpleXx 5 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 3.3 mg somatropin
Norditropin SimpleXx 10 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 6.7 mg somatropin
Norditropin SimpleXx 15 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 10 mg somatropin
Norditropin NordiFlex: 5 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 3.3 mg somatropin
Norditropin NordiFlex: 10 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 6.7 mg somatropin
Norditropin NordiFlex: 15 mg/1.5 ml
One ml of solution contains 10 mg somatropin
Somatropin (recombinant DNA origin produced in E-coli)
1 mg of somatropin corresponds to 3 IU (International Unit) of somatropin
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical form
Solution for injection in cartridge
Solution for injection in pre-filled pen
Clear, colourless solution
4. Clinical particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Children:
Growth failure due to growth hormone deficiency (GHD)
Growth failure in girls due to gonadal dysgenesis (Turner syndrome)
Growth retardation in prepubertal children due to chronic renal disease
Growth disturbance (current height SDS < -2.5 and parental adjusted height SDS < -1) in short children born small for gestational age (SGA), with a birth weight and/or length below -2 SD, who failed to show catch-up growth (HV SDS < 0 during the last year) by 4 years of age or later.
Adults:
Childhood onset growth hormone deficiency:
Patients with childhood onset GHD should be re-evaluated for growth hormone secretory capacity after growth completion. Testing is not required for those with more than three pituitary hormone deficits, with severe GHD due to a defined genetic cause, due to structural hypothalamic pituitary abnormalities, due to central nervous system tumours or due to high-dose cranial irradiation, or with GHD secondary to a pituitary/hypothalamic disease or insult, if measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is < -2 SDS after at least four weeks off growth hormone treatment.
In all other patients an IGF-I measurement and one growth hormone stimulation test is required.
Adult onset growth hormone deficiency:
Pronounced GHD in known hypothalamic-pituitary disease, cranial irradiation, and traumatic brain injury. GHD should be associated with one other deficient axis, other than prolactin. GHD should be demonstrated by one provocative test after institution of adequate replacement therapy for any other deficient axis.
In adults, the insulin tolerance test is the provocative test of choice. When the insulin tolerance test is contraindicated, alternative provocative tests must be used. The combined arginine-growth hormone releasing hormone is recommended. An arginine or glucagon test may also be considered; however these tests have less established diagnostic value than the insulin tolerance test.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Norditropin should only be prescribed by doctors with special knowledge of the therapeutic indication of use.
Posology
The dosage is individual and must always be adjusted in accordance with the individual's clinical and biochemical response to therapy.
Generally recommended dosages:
Paediatric population:
Growth hormone insufficiency
0.025-0.035 mg/kg/day or 0.7-1.0 mg/m2/day
When GHD persists after growth completion, growth hormone treatment should be continued to achieve full somatic adult development including lean body mass and bone mineral accrual (for guidance on dosing, see Replacement therapy in adults).
Turner syndrome
0.045-0.067 mg/kg/day or 1.3-2.0 mg/m2/day
Chronic renal disease
0.050 mg/kg/day or 1.4 mg/m2/day (see section 4.4)
Small for Gestational Age
0.035 mg/kg/day or 1.0 mg/m2/day
A dose of 0.035 mg/kg/day is usually recommended until final height is reached (see section 5.1).
Treatment should be discontinued after the first year of treatment, if the height velocity SDS is below +1.
Treatment should be discontinued if height velocity is < 2 cm/year and, if confirmation is required, bone age is > 14 years (girls) or > 16 years (boys), corresponding to closure of the epiphyseal growth plates.
Adult population:
Replacement therapy in adults
The dosage must be adjusted to the need of the individual patient.
In patients with childhood onset GHD, the recommended dose to restart is 0.2-0.5 mg/day with subsequent dose adjustment on the basis of IGF-I concentration determination.
In patients with adult onset GHD, it is recommended to start treatment with a low dose: 0.1-0.3 mg/day. It is recommended to increase the dosage gradually at monthly intervals based on the clinical response and the patient's experience of adverse events. Serum IGF-I can be used as guidance for the dose titration. Women may require higher doses than men, with men showing an increasing IGF-I sensitivity over time. This means that there is a risk that women, especially those on oral oestrogen replacement are under-treated while men are over-treated.
Dose requirements decline with age. Maintenance dosages vary considerably from person to person, but seldom exceed 1.0 mg/day.
Method of administration
Generally, daily subcutaneous administration in the evening is recommended. The injection site should be varied to prevent lipoatrophy.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Somatropin must not be used when there is any evidence of activity of a tumour. Intracranial tumours must be inactive and antitumour therapy must be completed prior to starting growth hormone (GH) therapy. Treatment should be discontinued if there is evidence of tumour growth.
Somatropin should not be used for longitudinal growth promotion in children with closed epiphyses.
Patients with acute critical illness suffering complications following open heart surgery, abdominal surgery, multiple accidental trauma, acute respiratory failure, or similar conditions should not be treated with somatropin (see section 4.4).
In children with chronic renal disease, treatment with Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin NordiFlex should be discontinued at renal transplantation.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Children treated with somatropin should be regularly assessed by a specialist in child growth. Somatropin treatment should always be instigated by a physician with special knowledge of growth hormone insufficiency and its treatment. This is true also for the management of Turner syndrome, chronic renal disease, and SGA. Data of final adult height following the use of Norditropin for children with chronic renal disease are not available.
The maximum recommended daily dose should not be exceeded (see section 4.2).
The stimulation of longitudinal growth in children can only be expected until epiphyseal closure.
Children
Treatment of growth hormone deficiency in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome
There have been reports of sudden death after initiating somatropin therapy in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, who had one or more of the following risk factors: Severe obesity, history of upper airway obstruction or sleep apnoea, or unidentified respiratory infection.
Small for Gestational Age
In short children born SGA other medical reasons or treatments that could explain growth disturbance should be ruled out before starting treatment.
Experience in initiating treatment in SGA patients near onset of puberty is limited. It is therefore not recommended to initiate treatment near onset of puberty.
Experience with patients with Silver-Russell syndrome is limited.
Turner syndrome
Monitoring of growth of hands and feet in Turner syndrome patients treated with somatropin is recommended and a dose reduction to the lower part of the dose range should be considered if increased growth is observed.
Girls with Turner syndrome generally have an increased risk of otitis media, which is why otological evaluation is recommended on at least an annual basis.
Chronic renal disease
The dosage in children with chronic renal disease is individual and must be adjusted according to the individual response to therapy (see section 4.2). The growth disturbance should be clearly established before somatropin treatment by following growth on optimal treatment for renal disease over one year. Conservative management of uraemia with customary medicinal product, and if needed, dialysis should be maintained during somatropin therapy.
Patients with chronic renal disease normally experience a decline in renal function as part of the natural course of their illness. However, as a precautionary measure during somatropin treatment, renal function should be monitored for an excessive decline, or increase in the glomerular filtration rate (which could imply hyperfiltration).
Scoliosis
Scoliosis may progress in any child during rapid growth. Signs of scoliosis should be monitored during treatment. However, somatropin treatment has not been shown to increase the incidence or severity of scoliosis.
Blood glucose and insulin
In Turner syndrome and SGA children it is recommended to measure fasting insulin and blood glucose before start of treatment and annually thereafter. In patients with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (e.g. familial history of diabetes, obesity, severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans) oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) should be performed. If overt diabetes occurs, somatropin should not be administered.
Somatropin has been found to influence carbohydrate metabolism, therefore, patients should be observed for evidence of glucose intolerance.
IGF-I
In Turner syndrome and SGA children it is recommended to measure the IGF-I level before start of treatment and twice a year thereafter. If on repeated measurements IGF-I levels exceed +2 SD compared to references for age and pubertal status, the dose should be reduced to achieve an IGF-I level within the normal range.
Some of the height gain obtained with treating short children born SGA with somatropin may be lost if treatment is stopped before final height is reached.
Adults
Growth hormone deficiency in adults
Growth hormone deficiency in adults is a lifelong disease and needs to be treated accordingly, however, experience in patients older than 60 years and in patients with more than five years of treatment in adult growth hormone deficiency is still limited.
General
Tumours and malignancies
In patients in complete remission from tumours or malignant disease, somatropin therapy has not been associated with an increased relapse rate. Nevertheless, patients who have achieved complete remission of malignant disease should be followed closely for relapse after commencement of Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin NordiFlex therapy
Leukaemia
Leukaemia has been reported in a small number of growth hormone deficient patients, some of whom have been treated with somatropin. However, there is no evidence that leukaemia incidence is increased in somatropin recipients without predisposition factors.
Benign intracranial hypertension
In the event of severe or recurrent headache, visual problems, nausea, and/or vomiting, a funduscopy for papilloedema is recommended. If papilloedema is confirmed, a diagnosis of benign intracranial hypertension should be considered, and if appropriate, the somatropin treatment should be discontinued.
At present there is insufficient evidence to guide clinical decision making in patients with resolved intracranial hypertension. If somatropin treatment is restarted, careful monitoring for symptoms of intracranial hypertension is necessary.
Patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to an intracranial lesion should be examined frequently for progression or recurrence of the underlying disease process.
Thyroid function
Somatropin increases the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 and may, as such, unmask incipient hypothyroidism. Monitoring of thyroid function should therefore be conducted in all patients. In patients with hypopituitarism, standard replacement therapy must be closely monitored when somatropin therapy is administered.
In patients with a pituitary disease in progression, hypothyroidism may develop.
Patients with Turner syndrome have an increased risk of developing primary hypothyroidism associated with anti-thyroid antibodies. As hypothyroidism interferes with the response to somatropin therapy, patients should have their thyroid function tested regularly and should receive replacement therapy with thyroid hormone when indicated.
Insulin sensitivity
Because somatropin may reduce insulin sensitivity, patients should be monitored for evidence of glucose intolerance (see section 4.5). For patients with diabetes mellitus, the insulin dose may require adjustment after somatropin containing product therapy is instituted. Patients with diabetes or glucose intolerance should be monitored closely during somatropin therapy.
Antibodies
As with all somatropin containing products, a small percentage of patients may develop antibodies to somatropin. The binding capacity of these antibodies is low and there is no effect on growth rate. Testing for antibodies to somatropin should be carried out in any patient who fails to respond to therapy.
Clinical trial experience
Two placebo-controlled clinical trials of patients in intensive care units have demonstrated an increased mortality among patients suffering from acute critical illness due to complications following open heart or abdominal surgery, multiple accidental trauma or acute respiratory failure, who were treated with somatropin in high doses (5.3-8 mg/day). The safety of continuing somatropin treatment in patients receiving replacement doses for approved indications who concurrently develop these illnesses has not been established. Therefore, the potential benefit of treatment continuation with somatropin in patients having acute critical illnesses should be weighed against the potential risk.
One open-label, randomised clinical trial (dose range 0.045-0.090 mg/kg/day) with patients with Turner syndrome indicated a tendency for a dose-dependent risk of otitis externa and otitis media. The increase in ear infections did not result in more ear operations/tube insertions compared to the lower dose group in the trial.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Concomitant treatment with glucocorticoids inhibits the growth-promoting effects of somatropin containing products. Patients with ACTH deficiency should have their glucocorticoid replacement therapy carefully adjusted to avoid any inhibitory effect on somatropin.
Data from an interaction study performed in growth hormone deficient adults, suggest that somatropin administration may increase the clearance of compounds known to be metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The clearance of compounds metabolised by cytochrome P450 3A4 (e.g. sex steroids, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants and cyclosporine) may be especially increased resulting in lower plasma levels of these compounds. The clinical significance of this is unknown.
The effect of somatropin on final height can also be influenced by additional therapy with other hormones, e.g. gonadotrophin, anabolic steroids, estrogen, and thyroid hormone.
In insulin treated patients adjustment of insulin dose may be needed after initiation of somatropin treatment (see section 4.4).
Paediatric population
Interaction studies have only been performed in adults.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Animal studies are insufficient with regard to effects on pregnancy, embryofoetal development, parturition, or postnatal development. No clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available.
Therefore, somatropin containing products are not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.
Breast-feeding
There have been no clinical studies conducted with somatropin containing products in breast-feeding women. It is not known whether somatropin is excreted in human milk. Therefore caution should be exercised when somatropin containing products are administered to breast-feeding women.
Fertility
Fertility studies with Norditropin have not been performed.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin NordiFlex has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Growth hormone deficient patients are characterised by extracellular volume deficit. When treatment with somatropin is initiated, this deficit is corrected. Fluid retention with peripheral oedema may occur especially in adults. Carpal tunnel syndrome is uncommon, but may be seen in adults. The symptoms are usually transient, dose dependent and may require transient dose reduction.
Mild arthralgia, muscle pain and paresthesia may also occur, but are usually self-limiting.
Adverse reactions in children are uncommon or rare.
Clinical trial experience:

System organ classes	Very common (≥ 1/10)	Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10)	Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100)	Rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders			In adults Diabetes mellitus type 2
Nervous system disorders		In adults headache and paraesthesia	In adults carpal tunnel syndrome. In children headache
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders			In adults pruritus	In children rash
Musculoskeletal, connective tissue disorders		In adults arthralgia, joint stiffness, and myalgia	In adults muscle stiffness	In children arthralgia and myalgia
General disorders and administration site conditions	In adults peripheral oedema (see text above)		In adults and children injection site pain. In children injection site reaction	In children peripheral oedema

In children with Turner syndrome increased growth of hands and feet has been reported during somatropin therapy.
A tendency for increased incidence of otitis media in Turner syndrome patients treated with high doses of Norditropin has been observed in one open-label randomised clinical trial. However, the increase in ear infections did not result in more ear operations/tube insertions compared to the lower dose group in the trial.
Post-marketing experience:
In addition to the above mentioned adverse drug reactions, those presented below have been spontaneously reported and are by an overall judgement considered possibly related to Norditropin treatment. Frequences of these adverse events cannot be estimated from the available data:
- Neoplasms benign and malignant (including cysts and polyps): Leukaemia has been reported in a small number of growth hormone deficiency patients (see section 4.4)
- Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity (see section 4.3). Formation of antibodies directed against somatropin. The titres and binding capacities of these antibodies have been very low and have not interfered with the growth response to Norditropin administration
- Endocrine disorders: Hypothyroidism. Decrease in serum thyroxin levels (see section 4.4)
- Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hyperglycemia (see section 4.4)
- Nervous system disorders: Benign intracranial hypertension (see section 4.4)
- Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis may occur more frequently in patients with endocrine disorders. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease may occur more frequently in patients with short stature
- Investigations: Increase in blood alkaline phosphatase level.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
Acute overdosage can lead to low blood glucose levels initially, followed by high blood glucose levels. These decreased glucose levels have been detected biochemically, but without clinical signs of hypoglycemia. Long-term overdosage could result in signs and symptoms consistent with the known effects of human growth hormone excess.
5. Pharmacological properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Somatropin and somatropin agonists. ATC: H01AC01.
Mechanism of action
Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin NordiFlex contains somatropin, which is human growth hormone produced by recombinant DNA-technology. It is an anabolic peptide of 191 amino acids stabilized by two disulphide bridges with a molecular weight of approximately 22,000 Daltons.
The major effects of somatropin are stimulation of skeletal and somatic growth and pronounced influence on the body's metabolic processes.
Pharmacodynamic effect
When growth hormone deficiency is treated a normalisation of body composition takes place resulting in an increase in lean body mass and a decrease in fat mass.
Somatropin exerts most of its actions through insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which are produced in tissues throughout the body, but predominantly by the liver.
More than 90% of IGF-I is bound to binding proteins (IGFBPs) of which IGFBP-3 is the most important.
A lipolytic and protein sparing effect of the hormone becomes of particular importance during stress.
Somatropin also increases bone turnover indicated by an increase in plasma levels of biochemical bone markers. In adults bone mass is slightly decreased during the initial months of treatment due to more pronounced bone resorption, however, bone mass increases with prolonged treatment.
Clinical efficacy and safety
In clinical trials in short children born SGA doses of 0.033 and 0.067 mg/kg/day have been used for treatment until final height. In 56 patients who were continuously treated and have reached (near) final height, the mean change from height at start of treatment was +1.90 SDS (0.033 mg/kg/day) and +2.19 SDS (0.067 mg/kg/day). Literature data from untreated SGA children without early spontaneous catch-up suggest a late growth of 0.5 SDS. Long-term safety data are still limited.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
I.v. infusion of Norditropin (33 ng/kg/min for 3 hours) to nine growth hormone deficient patients, gave the following results: serum half-time of 21.1 ± 1.7 min., metabolic clearance rate of 2.33 ± 0.58 ml/kg/min. and a distribution space of 67.6 ± 14.6 ml/kg.
S.c. injection of Norditropin SimpleXx (Norditropin SimpleXx is the cartridge containing the solution for injection in Norditropin NordiFlex) 2.5 mg/m2 in 31 healthy subjects (with endogenous somatropin suppressed by continuous infusion of somatostatin) gave the following results:
Maximal concentration of human growth hormone (42-46 ng/ml) after approximately 4 hours. Thereafter human growth hormone declined with a half-life of approximately 2.6 hours.
In addition the different strengths of Norditropin SimpleXx were demonstrated to be bioequivalent to each other and to conventional Norditropin after subcutaneous injection to healthy subjects.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
The general pharmacological effects on the CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems following administration of Norditropin SimpleXx with and without forced degradation were investigated in mice and rats; renal function was also evaluated. The degraded product showed no difference in effect when compared with Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin. All three preparations showed the expected dose dependent decrease in urine volume and retention of sodium and chloride ions.
In rats, similar pharmacokinetics has been demonstrated between Norditropin SimpleXx and Norditropin. Degraded Norditropin SimpleXx has also been demonstrated to be bioequivalent with Norditropin SimpleXx.
Single and repeated dose toxicity and local tolerance studies of Norditropin SimpleXx or the degraded product did not reveal any toxic effect or damage to the muscle tissue.
The toxicity of poloxamer 188 has been tested in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs and no findings of toxicological relevance were revealed.
Poloxamer 188 was rapidly absorbed from the injection site with no significant retention of the dose at the site of injection. Poloxamer 188 was excreted primarily via the urine.
Norditropin SimpleXx is the cartridge containing the solution for injection in Norditropin NordiFlex.
6. Pharmaceutical particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Mannitol
Histidine
Poloxamer 188
Phenol
Water for injection
Hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment
Sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment
6.2 Incompatibilities
In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
6.3 Shelf life
2 years.
After first opening: Store for a maximum of 4 weeks in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C).
Alternatively, the medicinal product may be stored for a maximum of 3 weeks below 25°C.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C) in the outer carton, in order to protect from light. Do not freeze.
For storage conditions after first opening of the medicinal product, see section 6.3.
Do not freeze.
When in use, always replace the pen cap on the Norditropin NordiFlex pre-filled pen after each injection. Always use a new needle for each injection.
The needle must not be screwed onto the pre-filled pen when it is not in use.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Norditropin SimpleXx 5 mg/1.5 ml:
5 mg in a 1.5 ml of solution in a cartridge (Type I glass) closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The aluminium cap is sealed with a coloured cap (orange). Pack sizes of 1 and 3 cartridges and a multipack with 5 x 1 cartridges. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Norditropin SimpleXx 10 mg/1.5 ml:
10 mg in a 1.5 ml of solution in a cartridge (Type I glass) closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The aluminium cap is sealed with a coloured cap (blue). Pack sizes of 1 and 3 cartridges and a multipack with 5 x 1 cartridges. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Norditropin SimpleXx 15 mg/1.5 ml:
15 mg in a 1.5 ml of solution in a cartridge (Type I glass) closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The aluminium cap is sealed with a coloured cap (green). Pack sizes of 1 and 3 cartridges and a mulitpack with 5 x 1 cartridges. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
The cartridges are blister packed in a carton.
Norditropin NordiFlex 5 mg/1.5 ml is a multi-dose disposable pre-filled pen, which consists of a cartridge (Type I colourless glass) permanently sealed in a plastic pen-injector. The cartridge is closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The push-button on the pen-injector is coloured orange. Pack sizes of 1 pre-filled pen and multipacks with 5 and 10 x 1 pre-filled pens. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Norditropin NordiFlex 10 mg/1.5 ml is a multi-dose disposable pre-filled pen, which consists of a cartridge (Type I colourless glass) permanently sealed in a plastic pen-injector. The cartridge is closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The push-button on the pen-injector is coloured blue. Pack sizes of 1 pre-filled pen and multipacks with 5 and 10 x 1 pre-filled pens. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
Norditropin NordiFlex 15 mg/1.5 ml is a multi-dose disposable pre-filled pen, which consists of a cartridge (Type I colourless glass) permanently sealed in a plastic pen-injector. The cartridge is closed at the bottom with a rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a plunger and at the top with a laminated rubber stopper (Type I rubber closures) shaped as a disc and sealed with an aluminium cap. The push-button on the pen-injector is coloured green. Pack sizes of 1 pre-filled pen and multipacks with 5 and 10 x 1 pre-filled pens. Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
The pre-filled pen is packed in a carton.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Norditropin SimpleXx 5 mg/1.5 ml (orange), 10 mg/1.5 ml (blue) and 15 mg/1.5 ml (green) should only be prescribed for use with the matching colour-coded NordiPen (NordiPen 5 (orange), 10 (blue) and 15 (green), respectively). If the matching colour–coded NordiPen® is not used it will result in incorrect dosing. Instructions for use of Norditropin® SimpleXx® in NordiPen® are provided within the respective packs. Patients should be advised to read these instructions very carefully.
Patients should be reminded to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water and/or disinfectant prior to any contact with Norditropin. Norditropin should not be shaken vigorously at any time
Do not use Norditropin SimpleXx if the growth hormone solution for injection is cloudy or discoloured.
Norditropin NordiFlex is a pre-filled pen designed to be used with NovoFine or NovoTwist disposable needles. up to a length of 8 mm. The device delivers a maximum of 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg somatropin per dose, in increments of 0.025 mg, 0.050 mg and 0.075 mg somatropin, respectively.
To ensure proper dosing and avoid injection of air, check the growth hormone flow (prime) before the first injection. Do not use Norditropin NordiFlex if a drop of growth hormone does not appear at the needle tip. A dose is dialled by turning the scale drum, until the desired dose appears at the window of the housing. If the wrong dose is dialled, the dose can be corrected by turning the scale drum the opposite way. The push-button is pressed to inject the dose.
Norditropin NordiFlex should not be shaken vigorously at any time.
Do not use Norditropin NordiFlex if the growth hormone solution for injection is cloudy or discoloured. Check this by turning the pen upside down once or twice.
Any unused medicinal product or waste should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
7. Marketing authorisation holder
Novo Nordisk Limited
3 City Place
Beehive Ring Road
Gatwick
West Sussex
RH6 0PA
8. Marketing authorisation number(s)
Norditropin SimpleXx 5 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0131
Norditropin SimpleXx 10 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0132
Norditropin SimpleXx 15 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0133
Norditropin NordiFlex 5 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0148
Norditropin NordiFlex 10 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0149
Norditropin NordiFlex 15 mg/1.5 ml PL 03132/0150
9. Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation
Norditropin SimpleXx
Date of first authorisation: 25-October-1999
Date of latest renewal: 14-January-2009
Norditropin NordiFlex
Date of first authorisation: 08-December-2003
Date of latest renewal: 14-January-2009
10. Date of revision of the text
05/2015