部份中文阿奇霉素处方资料（仅供参考） 药品名称：阿奇霉素滴眼液。 适应症：治疗细菌性结膜炎。 规格：2.5ml/瓶（1%浓度） 用法用量： 一个患眼1滴，一日2次，用药2日；随后一日1滴，用药5次，一个患眼共9滴一疗程。 产品特点 本发明与口服剂型相比，具有用药量少，全身副作用小，直接在眼部吸收，快速达到有效抑菌浓度，迅速发挥治疗作用的优点；与眼用凝胶或眼膏相比，具有使用方便，病人耐受性好的优点，其制备工艺合理，性能稳定，从而保证了滴眼液的澄明度和稳定性. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use AzaSite safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for AzaSite. AzaSite ® (azithromycin ophthalmic solution) 1% Sterile topical ophthalmic drops Initial U.S. Approval: 2007 RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Contraindications (4) 07/2012 INDICATIONS AND USAGE AzaSite is a macrolide antibiotic indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible isolates of the following microorganisms: CDC coryneform group G, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis group, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. (1) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, eight to twelve hours apart for the first two days and then instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily for the next five days. (2) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 2.5 mL of 1% sterile topical ophthalmic solution. (3) CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity (4) WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS For topical ophthalmic use only. (5.1) Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity have been reported with systemic use of azithromycin. (5.2) Growth of resistant organisms may occur with prolonged use. (5.3) Patients should not wear contact lenses if they have signs or symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis. (5.4) ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reaction reported in patients was eye irritation (1-2% of patients). (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Akorn, Inc. at 1-800-932-5676 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling. Revised: 11/2013 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE AzaSite® is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible isolates of the following microorganisms: CDC coryneform group G* Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mitis group Streptococcus pneumoniae Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.  2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, eight to twelve hours apart for the first two days and then instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily for the next five days. 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 2.5 mL of a 1% sterile topical ophthalmic solution.  4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 5.1 Topical Ophthalmic Use Only NOT FOR INJECTION. AzaSite is indicated for topical ophthalmic use only, and should not be administered systemically, injected subconjunctivally, or introduced directly into the anterior chamber of the eye. 5.2 Anaphylaxis and Hypersensitivity with Systemic Use of Azithromycin In patients receiving systemically administered azithromycin, serious allergic reactions, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and dermatologic reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported rarely in patients on azithromycin therapy. Although rare, fatalities have been reported. The potential for anaphylaxis or other hypersensitivity reactions should be considered based on known hypersensitivity to azithromycin when administered systemically. 5.3 Growth of Resistant Organisms with Prolonged Use As with other anti-infectives, prolonged use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If super-infection occurs, discontinue use and institute alternative therapy. Whenever clinical judgment dictates, the patient should be examined with the aid of magnification, such as slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and where appropriate, fluorescein staining. 5.4 Avoidance of Contact Lenses Patients should be advised not to wear contact lenses if they have signs or symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis.  6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in one clinical trial of a drug cannot be directly compared with the rates in the clinical trials of the same or another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The data described below reflect exposure to AzaSite in 698 patients. The population was between 1 and 87 years old with clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis. The most frequently reported ocular adverse reaction reported in patients receiving AzaSite was eye irritation. This reaction occurred in approximately 1-2% of patients. Other adverse reactions associated with the use of AzaSite were reported in less than 1% of patients and included ocular reactions (blurred vision, burning, stinging and irritation upon instillation, contact dermatitis, corneal erosion, dry eye, eye pain, itching, ocular discharge, punctate keratitis, visual acuity reduction) and non-ocular reactions (dysgeusia, facial swelling, hives, nasal congestion, periocular swelling, rash, sinusitis, urticaria). 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category B. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and mice at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day. The highest dose was associated with moderate maternal toxicity. These doses are estimated to be approximately 5,000 times the maximum human ocular daily dose of 2 mg. In the animal studies, no evidence of harm to the fetus due to azithromycin was found. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, azithromycin should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether azithromycin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to a nursing woman. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of AzaSite solution in pediatric patients below 1 year of age have not been established. The efficacy of AzaSite in treating bacterial conjunctivitis in pediatric patients one year or older has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials [see Clinical Studies (14)]. 8.5 Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients. 11 DESCRIPTION AzaSite (azithromycin ophthalmic solution) is a 1% sterile aqueous topical ophthalmic solution of azithromycin formulated in DuraSite® (polycarbophil, edetate disodium, sodium chloride). AzaSite is an off-white, viscous liquid with an osmolality of approximately 290 mOsm/kg. Preservative: 0.003% benzalkonium chloride. Inactives: mannitol, citric acid, sodium citrate, poloxamer 407, polycarbophil, edetate disodium (EDTA), sodium chloride, water for injection, and sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to 6.3. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a 15-membered ring. Its chemical name is (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribohexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]1-oxa-6-aza-cyclopentadecan-15-one, and the structural formula is: Azithromycin has a molecular weight of 749, and its empirical formula is C38H72N2O12. 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The plasma concentration of azithromycin following ocular administration of AzaSite (azithromycin ophthalmic solution) in humans is unknown. Based on the proposed dose of one drop to each eye (total dose of 100 mcL or 1 mg) and exposure information from systemic administration, the systemic concentration of azithromycin following ocular administration is estimated to be below quantifiable limits (≤10 ng/mL) at steady-state in humans, assuming 100% systemic availability. 12.4 Microbiology Azithromycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and interfering with microbial protein synthesis. Azithromycin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and clinically in conjunctival infections [see Indications and Usage (1)]. CDC coryneform group G* Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mitis group Streptococcus pneumoniae Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections. The following in vitro data are also available, but their clinical significance in ophthalmic infections is unknown. The safety and effectiveness of AzaSite in treating ophthalmological infections due to these microorganisms have not been established. The following microorganisms are considered susceptible when evaluated using systemic break points. However, a correlation between the in vitro systemic breakpoint and ophthalmological efficacy has not been established. This list of microorganisms is provided as an aid only in assessing the potential treatment of conjunctival infections. Azithromycin exhibits in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of equal or less (systemic susceptible breakpoint) against most (≥90%) of isolates of the following ocular pathogens: Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia trachomatis Legionella pneumophila Moraxella catarrhalis Mycoplasma hominis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Peptostreptococcus species Streptococci (Groups C, F, G) Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus agalactiae Ureaplasma urealyticum  Viridans group streptococci 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Azithromycin has shown no mutagenic potential in standard laboratory tests: mouse lymphoma assay, human lymphocyte clastogenic assay, and mouse bone marrow clastogenic assay. No evidence of impaired fertility due to azithromycin was found in mice or rats that received oral doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Phospholipidosis (intracellular phospholipid accumulation) has been observed in some tissues of mice, rats, and dogs given multiple systemic doses of azithromycin. Cytoplasmic microvacuolation, which is likely a manifestation of phospholipidosis, has been observed in the corneas of rabbits given multiple ocular doses of AzaSite. This effect was reversible upon cessation of AzaSite treatment. The significance of this toxicological finding for animals and for humans is unknown.  14 CLINICAL STUDIES In a randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical study in which patients were dosed twice daily for the first two days, then once daily on days 3, 4, and 5, AzaSite solution was superior to vehicle on days 6-7 in patients who had a confirmed clinical diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis. Clinical resolution was achieved in 63% (82/130) of patients treated with AzaSite versus 50% (74/149) of patients treated with vehicle. The p-value for the comparison was 0.03 and the 95% confidence interval around the 13% (63%-50%) difference was 2% to 25%. The microbiological success rate for the eradication of the baseline pathogens was approximately 88% compared to 66% of patients treated with vehicle (p<0.001, confidence interval around the 22% difference was 13% to 31%). Microbiologic eradication does not always correlate with clinical outcome in anti-infective trials.  16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING AzaSite is a sterile aqueous topical ophthalmic formulation of 1% azithromycin. NDC 17478-307-03: 2.5 mL in 5 mL bottle containing a total of 25 mg of azithromycin in a white, round, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle, with a clear LDPE dropper tip, and a tan colored high density polyethylene (HDPE) eyedropper cap. A white tamper evident over-cap is provided. NDC 17478-307-04: 2.5 mL in 4 mL bottle containing a total of 25 mg of azithromycin in a white, round, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle, with a clear LDPE dropper tip, and a tan colored high density polyethylene (HDPE) eyedropper cap. A white tamper evident over-cap is provided. Storage and Handling: Store unopened bottle under refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Once the bottle is opened, store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F) for up to 14 days. Discard after the 14 days. 完整资料附件：https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=14ae4c07-b042-452a-b069-2b41bc646e04 2007年4月底，美国FDA批准英斯皮雷制药公司的1％阿齐霉素滴眼液（商品名：AzaSite）上市，用于治疗细菌性结膜炎。AzaSite比目前市售治疗细菌性结膜炎的其它抗生素制剂可减少给药次数。 在2项Ⅲ期临床研究中，AzaSite达到临床治疗确定的细菌性结膜炎患者主要疗效判断终点。 本品最常见的不良反应是眼部刺激，发生率为1％～2％。2007年2月，英斯皮雷制药公司自英赛特视觉（InSite Vision）公司获得在美国和加拿大AzaSite的专卖权。AzaSite是英赛特视觉公司采用新颖的DuraSite眼用释药系统开发的阿霉素滴眼液，此产品受美国专利保护至2019年。