人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV），即艾滋病（AIDS，获得性免疫缺陷综合征）病毒，分为HIV-1和HIV-2两个亚型，是造成人类免疫系统缺陷的一种病毒。它直接侵犯人体的免疫系统，破坏人体的细胞免疫和体液免疫，甚至夺取生命。
2017年11月21日，FDA宣布批准ViiV Healthcare公司的新药Juluca上市，治疗感染HIV-1病毒的特定成年患者。区别于以往的三药或多药HIV疗法，这是首个获批治疗该适应症的双药疗法。
ViiV Healthcare公司
ViiV医疗保健公司是GlaxoSmithKline（葛兰素史克，GSK）和辉瑞（Pfizer）于2009年联合成立的HIV/AIDS药物研发公司。2012年，日本盐野义加入。目前，GSK持有ViiV 76.5%的股份，辉瑞持有10%的股份，日本盐野义（Shionogi）持有10%的股份。
表1历年GSK或ViiV公司开发的HIV复方药申报情况

Juluca成分：
“在任何HIV疗法中限制药物数量能减少毒副作用”，FDA药物评价和研究中心抗病毒产品部负责人Debra Birnkrant如是说。
以往已经有统计数据显示，患者服药药物片数越多，次数越多，患者依从性越差，副作用越多。因此，在确保药效的前提下，将药物二合一或三合一等是抗艾滋病药物发展的必然趋势。在此背景下，新药Juluca被ViiV开发出。
Juluca是一种固定剂量复方片剂，由两个FDA批准的药物dolutegravir（多特雷韦）和rilpivirine（利匹韦林）组成。Dolutegravir由GSK和Shionogi共同开发，其商品名为Tivicay，属于HIV整合酶抑制剂，能阻止病毒DNA链向宿主DNA转移。Rilpivirine则由强生旗下杨森子公司Janssen Sciences Ireland UC开发，商品名为Edurant，是一款非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂，通过阻断HIV基因组复制来发挥作用。
安全性和有效性评估：
在两项临床试验中，1024名志愿者在预先使用当下的抗HIV药有效的前提下被随机分为两组，一组继续接受目前的抗HIV疗法，另一组则使用Juluca。研究表明，Juluca能有效抑制HIV病毒，效果与这些志愿者曾使用的抗HIV疗法相当。
副作用：
最常见副作用为腹泻和头痛。严重的副作用包括皮疹和过敏反应、肝脏问题、以及抑郁等情绪变化。Juluca不能与其他抗HIV药物联用，它可能和常见的药物产生药物相互作用。
drug regimen, once-daily, single pill - a complete regimen for the maintenance treatment of virologically suppressed HIV-1 infection
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Juluca®, indicated as a complete regimen for the maintenance treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral (ART) regimen for at least six months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of Juluca.¹
Juluca is the first 2-drug regimen (2DR) comprising dolutegravir 50mg (ViiV Healthcare), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor and rilpivirine 25mg (Janssen Therapeutics, Division of Janssen Products LP), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Deborah Waterhouse, CEO, ViiV Healthcare said, "The FDA approval of Juluca marks an important milestone in our commitment to deliver innovative advances in HIV care by providing new treatment options that challenge the traditional approach to care. This is the start of a new era in HIV treatment. We are delighted to be able to provide the first 2-drug regimen to physicians and people living with HIV in the US, to support the reduction of long-term ART exposure as they receive life-long treatment for their chronic condition."
This FDA approval is based primarily upon data from two pivotal phase III clinical trials, SWORD-12 and SWORD-2,2 which showed the 2-drug regimen achieved non-inferior viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) at 48 weeks compared with a three- or four-drug regimen in both pooled and individual analyses of the SWORD-1 and SWORD-2 studies (CAR 485/511 [95%], dolutegravir + rilpivirine 486/513 [95%] [adjusted difference -0.2% (95% confidence interval CI: 3.0%, 2.5%), pooled analysis]).2 Virologic suppression rates were similar between treatment arms.2  Drug related adverse events and adverse events leading to withdrawal occurred in low frequencies in both arms of the study, but more frequently in the investigational arm.
John C Pottage, Jr, MD, Chief Scientific and Medical Officer, ViiV Healthcare, commented, "Based on the fundamental principle that no one should have to take more medicines than necessary, ViiV Healthcare has put in place a comprehensive 2-drug regimen research and development programme built around the characteristics of dolutegravir. Juluca, our new 2-drug regimen, once-daily, single pill, now provides people living with HIV who are virologically suppressed, the option to reduce the number of antiretrovirals they take, while maintaining the efficacy of a traditional three-drug regimen."
Juluca is the first medicine in our 2-drug regimen pipeline, which looks to help lessen the lifetime burden of treatment for people living with HIV. Our R&D efforts are exploring the potential of two further 2-drug regimens both in phase III development, a once-daily, single pill containing dolutegravir/lamivudine for treatment naïve patients, as well as cabotegravir/rilpivirine long-acting injectable for treatment-experienced and naïve patients.
Notes to editors
In June 2014, ViiV Healthcare and Janssen Sciences Ireland UC, one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, announced a partnership to investigate the potential of combining dolutegravir and rilpivirine in a single tablet in order to expand the treatment options available to people living with HiV.
About HIV
HIV stands for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV, so once someone has HIV they have it for life. There is no cure for HIV, but effective treatment can control the virus so that people with HIV can enjoy healthy and productive lives. 
HIV has largely become a chronic treatable disease, with improved access to antiretroviral treatment leading to a 22% drop in global HIV mortality between 2009 and 2013,3 but more can be done for the estimated 36.7 million people living with HIV and 1.8 million individuals newly infected each year worldwide.
About Juluca
Juluca is a 2-drug regimen, once-daily, single pill that combines the INSTI dolutegravir (50mg), with the NNRTI rilpivirine (25mg) taken once-daily as a complete HIV regimen for people living with HIV who are virologically suppressed.
Two essential steps in the HIV life cycle include reverse transcription – when the virus turns its RNA (ribonucleic acid) copy into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – and integration – the moment when viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's DNA. These processes require two enzymes called nucleoside reverse transcriptase and integrase. NNRTIs and INSTIs interfere with the action of these two enzymes to prevent the virus from replicating. This decrease in replication can lead to less virus being available to cause subsequent infection of uninfected cells.
Juluca was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 21st November 2017, as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least 6 months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of Juluca. Juluca is expected to be available in pharmacies in the US from 11th December 2017.
ViiV Healthcare has also submitted regulatory marketing applications in Europe, Canada, Australia and Switzerland.
About the SWORD phase III program for dolutegravir (Tivicay®) and rilpivirine (Edurant®)
The SWORD phase III program evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to dolutegravir plus rilpivirine from current integrase inhibitor-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-, or boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen in HIV-1-infected adults who are virologically suppressed with a three or four-drug regimen. SWORD-1 (NCT02429791) and SWORD-2 (NCT02422797) are replicate 148-week, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority studies to assess the antiviral activity and safety of a two-drug, daily oral regimen of dolutegravir plus rilpivirine compared with current antiretroviral therapy (full 148-week data will be shared in 2018). In the SWORD clinical trials, dolutegravir and rilpivirine are provided as individual tablets.
The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per millilitre (c/mL) at Week 48. Key secondary endpoints include evaluation of the development of viral resistance, measurements of safety and tolerability, and changes in renal, bone and cardiovascular biomarkers. The studies also include exploratory measures to assess change in health-related quality of life, willingness to switch and adherence to treatment regimens.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
JULUCA, a two-drug combination of dolutegravir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and rilpivirine, a HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least 6 months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of JULUCA.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
•One tablet taken orally once daily with a meal.
•Rifabutin coadministration: Take an additional 25-mg tablet of rilpivirine with JULUCA once daily with a meal for the duration of the rifabutin coadministration.
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Each tablet contains: 50 mg of dolutegravir (equivalent to 52.6 mg dolutegravir sodium) and 25 mg of rilpivirine (equivalent to 27.5 mg rilpivirine hydrochloride).
CONTRAINDICATIONS
•Previous hypersensitivity reaction to dolutegravir or rilpivirine.
•Coadministration with dofetilide.
•Coadministration with drugs where significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations may occur, which may result in loss of virologic response.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
•Severe skin and hypersensitivity reactions characterised by rash, constitutional findings, and sometimes organ dysfunction, including liver injury, have been reported with the individual components. Discontinue JULUCA immediately if signs or symptoms of severe skin or hypersensitivity reactions develop, as a delay in stopping treatment may result in a life-threatening reaction.
•Hepatotoxicity has been reported in patients receiving a dolutegravir- or rilpivirine-containing regimen. Monitoring for hepatotoxicity is recommended.
•Depressive disorders have been reported with the use of rilpivirine- or dolutegravir-containing regimens. Immediate medical evaluation is recommended for severe depressive symptoms.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most common adverse reactions (all Grades) observed in at least 2% of subjects were diarrhoea and headache.
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact ViiV Healthcare at 1-888-844-8872 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
•Because JULUCA is a complete regimen, coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for the treatment of HIV-1 infection is not recommended.
•Refer to the full prescribing information for important drug interactions with JULUCA.
•Drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 may affect the plasma concentrations of the components of JULUCA.
•Drugs that increase gastric pH or containing polyvalent cations may decrease plasma concentrations of the components of JULUCA
•Consider alternatives to prescribing JULUCA with drugs with a known risk of Torsade de Pointes.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
•Lactation: Breastfeeding is not recommended due to the potential for HIV transmission.
About ViiV Healthcare
ViiV Healthcare is a global specialist HIV company established in November 2009 by GlaxoSmithKline (LSE: GSK) and Pfizer (NYSE: PFE) dedicated to delivering advances in treatment and care for people living with HIV and for people who are at risk of becoming infected with HIV. Shionogi joined in October 2012. The company's aim is to take a deeper and broader interest in HIV/AIDS than any company has done before and take a new approach to deliver effective and innovative medicines for HIV treatment and prevention, as well as support communities affected by HIV.